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1、优质文本 XX大学计算机科学与技术学院计算机网络课程设计报告 校园网构建方案的设计和实现专业班级： 学生姓名： 学 号： 指导教师： 日 期： 一设计任务及要求1.任务： 某高校现有三个地理位置别离的分校区，每个校区入网信息点有2000多个，现准备通过教科网接入因特网。而从教科网只申请到4个C类网络222.191.1.0-222.191.4.0,为了平安，要求每个分校区的学生公寓子网和教师子网不在同一个播送域。同时，学校有假设干台应用效劳器，同时对内和对外提供web等网络效劳。设计网络构建方案并实施该校园网络。2. 要求：(1) 根据具体情况，完成需求分析(2) 列出实验所需设备，完成网络拓扑
2、结构图(3) 完成各项设备的具体配置(4) 调试运行二根本思路及相关理论1. 根本思路：(1) 由于每个校区入网信息点有2000多个，C类网络无法满足该数量级的主机地址需求， 因此在三个校区以及效劳器区中使用B类私网地址172.16.0.0。(2) 由于校园网内使用的是私网地址，所以需要在边界路由器上配置网络地址转换NAT，校园网内主机访问外网时使用动态地址转换，内网效劳器使用静态地址转换来给外网提供效劳。(3)由于每个校区入网信息点有2000多个，假设手动为每台主机配置ip地址，那么工程量是极大的，而且主机的添加与删除对网络的影响也较大。为了解决这一问题，并且便于网络管理，需要配置DHCP效
3、劳。(4)任务要求每个分校区的学生公寓子网和教师子网不在同一个播送域，那么使用VLAN技术来满足这一要求，创立两个VLAN，分别是VlanStudent和VlanTeacher。(5)使用三层交换机来实现VlanStudent和VlanTeacher之间的通信，使用路由器来实现不同校区之间的通信。(6)配置DNS效劳器给校园网内的WEB Server和提供域名解析，给用户提供人性化的效劳。2. 相关理论：(1)ip的层次结构、寻址方案以及每种类别的ip地址所能提供的最大主机数(2)子网划分的原理及步骤(3)可变长子网掩码VLSM对ip地址利用率的最大化(4)vlan技术分隔播送域(5)三层交换
4、机实现VLAN间路由(6)动态路由协议OSPF实现路由会聚，提供不同校区间的路由(7)使用命令default-information originate来向OSPF域中注入默认路由(8)主机跨网段请求DNS效劳的实现 三方案设计网络设备和拓扑结构四网络的具体配置(1)三个校区以及效劳器区的接入层交换机提供足够多的以太网接口，使用默认配置即可。(2)会聚层交换机的配置a.校区一的三层交换机的配置如下：Building configuration.Current configuration : 1868 bytes!version 12.2no service timestamps log dat
5、etime msecno service timestamps debug datetime msecno service password-encryption!hostname Switch!ip dhcp excluded-address 172.16.3.254ip dhcp excluded-address 172.16.7.254!ip dhcp pool VlanStudent network 172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0 default-router 172.16.3.254 dns-server 172.16.48.30ip dhcp pool VlanT
6、eacher network 172.16.4.0 255.255.252.0 default-router 172.16.7.254 dns-server 172.16.48.30ip routing!interface FastEthernet0/1 no switchport no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdown!interface FastEthernet0/2!interface FastEthernet0/3!interface FastEthernet0/4!interface FastEthernet0/5!interfac
7、e FastEthernet0/6!interface FastEthernet0/7!interface FastEthernet0/8!interface FastEthernet0/9!interface FastEthernet0/10!interface FastEthernet0/11!interface FastEthernet0/12!interface FastEthernet0/13!interface FastEthernet0/14!interface FastEthernet0/15!interface FastEthernet0/16!interface FastE
8、thernet0/17!interface FastEthernet0/18!interface FastEthernet0/19!interface FastEthernet0/20!interface FastEthernet0/21!interface FastEthernet0/22 no switchport ip address 172.16.48.1 255.255.255.252 duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/23 switchport access vlan 3 switchport mode access!in
9、terface FastEthernet0/24 switchport access vlan 2 switchport mode access!interface GigabitEthernet0/1!interface GigabitEthernet0/2!interface Vlan1 no ip address shutdown!interface Vlan2 ip address 172.16.3.254 255.255.252.0!interface Vlan3 ip address 172.16.7.254 255.255.252.0!router ospf 100 log-ad
10、jacency-changes network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255 area 0 network 172.16.4.0 0.0.3.255 area 0 network 172.16.48.0 0.0.0.3 area 0!ip classless!line con 0line vty 0 4 login!endb.校区二的三层交换机的配置如下：Building configuration.Current configuration : 1888 bytes!version 12.2no service timestamps log datetime msecno ser
11、vice timestamps debug datetime msecno service password-encryption!hostname Switch!ip dhcp excluded-address 172.16.23.254ip dhcp excluded-address 172.16.19.254!ip dhcp pool VlanStudent network 172.16.16.0 255.255.252.0 default-router 172.16.19.254 dns-server 172.16.48.30ip dhcp pool VlanTeacher netwo
12、rk 172.16.20.0 255.255.252.0 default-router 172.16.23.254 dns-server 172.16.48.30ip routing!no ip domain-lookup!interface FastEthernet0/1 no switchport no ip address duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/2!interface FastEthernet0/3!interface FastEthernet0/4!interface FastEthernet0/5!interfa
13、ce FastEthernet0/6!interface FastEthernet0/7!interface FastEthernet0/8!interface FastEthernet0/9!interface FastEthernet0/10!interface FastEthernet0/11!interface FastEthernet0/12!interface FastEthernet0/13!interface FastEthernet0/14!interface FastEthernet0/15!interface FastEthernet0/16!interface Fast
14、Ethernet0/17!interface FastEthernet0/18!interface FastEthernet0/19!interface FastEthernet0/20!interface FastEthernet0/21!interface FastEthernet0/22 no switchport ip address 172.16.48.5 255.255.255.252 duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/23 switchport access vlan 3 switchport mode access!i
15、nterface FastEthernet0/24 switchport access vlan 2 switchport mode access!interface GigabitEthernet0/1!interface GigabitEthernet0/2!interface Vlan1 no ip address shutdown!interface Vlan2 ip address 172.16.19.254 255.255.252.0!interface Vlan3 ip address 172.16.23.254 255.255.252.0!router ospf 100 log
16、-adjacency-changes network 172.16.16.0 0.0.3.255 area 0 network 172.16.20.0 0.0.3.255 area 0 network 172.16.48.4 0.0.0.3 area 0!ip classless!line con 0line vty 0 4 login!endc.校区三的三层交换机的配置如下：Current configuration : 1888 bytes!version 12.2no service timestamps log datetime msecno service timestamps de
17、bug datetime msecno service password-encryption!hostname Switch!ip dhcp excluded-address 172.16.35.254ip dhcp excluded-address 172.16.39.254!ip dhcp pool VlanStudent network 172.16.32.0 255.255.252.0 default-router 172.16.35.254 dns-server 172.16.48.30ip dhcp pool VlanTeacher network 172.16.36.0 255
18、.255.252.0 default-router 172.16.39.254 dns-server 172.16.48.30ip routing!no ip domain-lookup!interface FastEthernet0/1 no switchport no ip address duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/2!interface FastEthernet0/3!interface FastEthernet0/4!interface FastEthernet0/5!interface FastEthernet0/6
19、!interface FastEthernet0/7!interface FastEthernet0/8!interface FastEthernet0/9!interface FastEthernet0/10!interface FastEthernet0/11!interface FastEthernet0/12!interface FastEthernet0/13!interface FastEthernet0/14!interface FastEthernet0/15!interface FastEthernet0/16!interface FastEthernet0/17!inter
20、face FastEthernet0/18!interface FastEthernet0/19!interface FastEthernet0/20!interface FastEthernet0/21!interface FastEthernet0/22 no switchport ip address 172.16.48.9 255.255.255.252 duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/23 switchport access vlan 3 switchport mode access!interface FastEther
21、net0/24 switchport access vlan 2 switchport mode access!interface GigabitEthernet0/1!interface GigabitEthernet0/2!interface Vlan1 no ip address shutdown!interface Vlan2 ip address 172.16.35.254 255.255.252.0!interface Vlan3 ip address 172.16.39.254 255.255.252.0!router ospf 100 log-adjacency-changes
22、 network 172.16.32.0 0.0.3.255 area 0 network 172.16.36.0 0.0.3.255 area 0 network 172.16.48.8 0.0.0.3 area 0!ip classless!line con 0line vty 0 4 login!end(3) 核心层路由器的配置a. 与校区一相连的路由器Router1Building configuration.Current configuration : 825 bytes!version 12.4no service timestamps log datetime msecno s
23、ervice timestamps debug datetime msecno service password-encryption!hostname Router!no ip domain-lookup!interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 172.16.48.2 255.255.255.252 duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/1 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdown!interface Serial0/0/0 ip address 172
24、.16.48.26 255.255.255.252 clock rate 4000000!interface Serial0/0/1 ip address 172.16.48.21 255.255.255.252!interface Vlan1 no ip address shutdown!router ospf 100 log-adjacency-changes network 172.16.48.0 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 172.16.48.20 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 172.16.48.24 0.0.0.3 area 0!ip classl
25、ess!line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 logging synchronousline vty 0 4 login!endb.与校区二相连的路由器Router2Building configuration.Current configuration : 825 bytes!version 12.4no service timestamps log datetime msecno service timestamps debug datetime msecno service password-encryption!hostname Router!no ip domain
26、-lookup!interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 172.16.48.6 255.255.255.252 duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/1 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdown!interface Serial0/0/0 ip address 172.16.48.25 255.255.255.252!interface Serial0/0/1 ip address 172.16.48.13 255.255.255.252 clock ra
27、te 4000000!interface Vlan1 no ip address shutdown!router ospf 100 log-adjacency-changes network 172.16.48.4 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 172.16.48.24 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 172.16.48.12 0.0.0.3 area 0!ip classless!line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 logging synchronousline vty 0 4 login!endc.与校区三相连的路由器Router3Buil
28、ding configuration.Current configuration : 806 bytes!version 12.4no service timestamps log datetime msecno service timestamps debug datetime msecno service password-encryption!hostname Router!no ip domain-lookup!interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 172.16.48.10 255.255.255.252 duplex auto speed auto
29、!interface FastEthernet0/1 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdown!interface Serial0/0/0 ip address 172.16.48.17 255.255.255.252!interface Serial0/0/1 ip address 172.16.48.14 255.255.255.252!interface Vlan1 no ip address shutdown!router ospf 100 log-adjacency-changes network 172.16.48.8 0.0.0.
30、3 area 0 network 172.16.48.12 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 172.16.48.16 0.0.0.3 area 0!ip classless!line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 logging synchronousline vty 0 4 login!endd.校园网的出口路由器Router4Building configuration.Current configuration : 1836 bytes!version 12.4no service timestamps log datetime msecno service
31、 timestamps debug datetime msecno service password-encryption!hostname Router!no ip domain-lookup!interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 172.16.79.254 255.255.240.0 ip nat inside duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/1 ip address 172.16.48.29 255.255.255.252 ip nat inside duplex auto speed au
32、to!interface Serial0/0/0 ip address 172.16.48.18 255.255.255.252 ip nat inside clock rate 4000000!interface Serial0/0/1 ip address 172.16.48.22 255.255.255.252 ip nat inside clock rate 4000000!interface Serial0/2/0 ip address 222.191.1.1 255.255.255.0 ip nat outside clock rate 4000000!interface Seri
33、al0/2/1 no ip address!interface Vlan1 no ip address shutdown!router ospf 100 log-adjacency-changes network 172.16.48.16 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 172.16.48.20 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 172.16.64.0 0.0.15.255 area 0 network 172.16.48.28 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 222.191.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 default-informatio
34、n originate!ip nat pool Campus 222.191.1.3 222.191.1.251 netmask 255.255.255.0ip nat pool Campus1 222.191.2.1 222.191.2.254 netmask 255.255.255.0ip nat inside source list 1 pool Campus overloadip nat inside source static 172.16.64.1 222.191.1.254 ip nat inside source static 172.16.64.2 222.191.1.253
35、 ip nat inside source static 172.16.48.30 222.191.1.252 ip classlessip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 222.191.1.2 !access-list 1 permit 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255access-list 1 permit 172.16.4.0 0.0.3.255access-list 1 permit anyaccess-list 1 permit 172.16.16.0 0.0.3.255access-list 1 permit 172.16.20.0 0.0.3.255acce
36、ss-list 1 permit 172.16.32.0 0.0.3.255access-list 1 permit 172.16.36.0 0.0.3.255!line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 logging synchronousline vty 0 4 login!ende.外网的路由器Router5Building configuration.Current configuration : 635 bytes!version 12.4no service timestamps log datetime msecno service timestamps debug
37、 datetime msecno service password-encryption!hostname Router!no ip domain-lookup!interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 222.191.5.254 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/1 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdown!interface Serial0/0/0 ip address 222.191.1.2 255.255.255.0!
38、interface Serial0/0/1 no ip address shutdown!interface Vlan1 no ip address shutdown!ip classless!line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 logging synchronousline vty 0 4 login!end(4) 效劳器的配置a. WEB效劳器的配置如下：b.FTP效劳器的配置如下：c.DNS效劳器的配置如下：五.调试运行过程1. 校区一ping校区二2. 校区一ping校区三3. 校区二ping外网主机4. 校区三ping Web效劳器5. 校区三ping Ftp效劳
39、器6. 外部主机ping内网Web效劳器7. 外部主机ping内网Ftp效劳器六调试过程中出现的问题及相应解决方法1. 问题：在网络规划中要使用DHCP效劳来自动给主机分配ip地址，但是主机请求DHCP服 务的数据包是播送包，无法跨越路由器。如果在每个VLAN中添加一个DHCP效劳器，那么网络的实施本钱将大幅度提高。 解决方案：开启每个校区的三层交换机的DHCP功能，给通过设置default-router来给相应的VLAN提供DHCP效劳。2. 问题：为了给用户提供人性化的效劳，在网络规划中要使用DNS效劳器。主机请求DNS效劳的数据包是播送包，无法跨越路由器。在每个网段中配置一台DNS效劳器
40、是不现实的。 解决方案：将DNS效劳器放置在校园网络的出口路由器上，为内网和外网提供域名解析效劳。同时每个校区的三层交换机在配置DHCP效劳时，要设置dns-server，为主机提供DNS效劳器的ip地址。七. 心得体会 为期一周的计算机网络课程设计将近结束，在这一周的时间里，通过需求分析、网络规划、子网划分、网络架构、各种网络设备的配置以及调试运行，我最终完成了该校园网络的设计与实施。通过这次课程设计，我熟悉了子网划分的步骤，深入理解了VLSM，进一步认识了路由器和交换机在互联网中的作用，熟练掌握了交换机和路由器的配置，VLAN的配置、NAT的配置以及各种效劳器的配置。在这次课程设计中，我受益匪浅，对计算机网络有了更加深刻的认识，动手能力得到了很大提高。八参考资料1. ?CCNA中文学习指南?2. ?CCNP SWITCH642-813学习指南?3. ?思科网络实验室路由、交换实验指南?