1、Part 1AA band of= a herd of=a flock of 一群A range of=an array of= a list of= a collection of=a series of= a set of 一系列Accelerate=speed up 加速Accomplishment=achievement 成就，完成Accomplish二achieve(V)完成，达成，成就Attend=participate in 参加Achieve=obtain=gain=access to sth 得到、获得Adapt to=integrate into 使适应、融为一体Aim.n
2、objective=goal 目的Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize on 集中、强调An array of=a list of =a set of=a series of 一系列Attempt to do=try to do=intend to do 尝试作，想要作Approximately=roughly=about=some=around 大约 Appreciation=interest 欣赏As a result=consequently=as a consequence=hence 因此、从而As well as=and 和As wel
3、l=too 也Associate with=c onnect with=li nk with二relate to二invo Ive in 与相 关联Attach to=connect to=link to二serve与相连接、附着在 上At will二at ran dom = by cha nee二by accide nt二accide ntally随意地Automatically ensure=guarantee 确保BBe similar to=closely resembled =have something in common 相似Be used to=be devoted to 专门
4、用于Be equivalent to=be equal to 等同于Be taken aback=be surprised 吃惊Briskly =rapidly=swiftly 快速地CCalculate=measure 衡量Catch up with=keep pace with 跟上步伐Chief=major=dominant=principle 主要的Chronic=long term 慢性病的Complain=illness 病症Concern n. =focus 关心的问题Concern v.二about 与有关Concept =conception=notion=idea=unde
5、rstanding 概念、理解Condition=regulate 调节Confront=encounter=in the face of 面临Concern = care 关心Consist of=comprise 由什么组成Concur with sb=agree with sb 同意某人Contaminate=pollute=poison 污染Contend=assert=cliam 断言Contribute to=result in=lead to=link to=responsible forCooperate with二work with与协作Convert to=turn int
6、o 转为、转变为Crop up=crop out=come up 出现DDegenerated=underdeveloped 退化Distract from= can not concentrate 使精力分散Deadly=fateful 致命的Diminish=decrease=shrink 减少Distort reality=far from reality=dishonest 不真实的Distinction=difference=nuance 不同之处Distinct=distinguish=different=unique 不同的Distinct variety of =differe
7、nt kind of=separate kind ofDistinguish=tell 辨别Due to=because of 由于Drawback=defect=ill 缺点E导致不同的Eat=feed 喂食，进食Endanger=threaten 威胁Engage in=participate in=join in 参与Establish=set up 建立Establish=find out=figure out=work out 查明Evolvement=development=progress 发展、发育Emphasize=stress 强调 （ v）Embark upon=star
8、t=launch 开始Enlighten=illuminate=instruct=educate 启蒙、给予知识Entire=whole 全部Exceptional=extremely 特别（特别好）FFail to do=failure to do=can not do 没有能够做Far from=not at all 根本不Fault=flaw=defect 错误Form=shape=mould 形成Foundation=basis 基础Finance=sponsor=fund 提供赞助（金钱）Free=release=set free 释放Frequently=often 经常GGrea
9、t milestone=impact二effect二influenee对具有很重要的影响力Grant=give 授予Gas=petrol 石油HHold=harbor=embrace 拥有Halt=stop=hamper(v.) 阻止、使停滞Hurdle=barrier(n.) 阻碍IIdentical=the same 一模一样Imitate=impersonate 模仿Incline to do=tend to do 倾向于做某事Indicate=show=suggest=signify=identify 表明Identify=recognize 鉴别In reacti on to二res
10、p ond to 对起反应Interpret=illustrate 解释Introduce to=import to 引入KKey (a.)=important=significant=crucial=essential=play a vital/ an important part/role in 重要的，关键的Key (n.)=approach=means=method=technique 方法LLikelihood=possibility 可能性Link-up=connection 联系Master=grasp 掌握Match sth to二assig n sth to 把和搭配起来Mi
11、sconception=misunderstanding=mistaken view 错误的理解Modify=change=alter 修改、改变Manifestation=demonstration 显示、表明NNature=character=characteristics 本质、特点Non-toxic= less poisonous=safe 无毒的、安全的Novel a.=fresh=new=up to date 新潮的、创新的Numerous= a number of 许多O，有赖于Owing to=thanks to =contribute to 多亏Pattern=format
12、形式，模式Pattern=design 图案Pore over=study 研究Poisonous=toxic 有毒的Portray=describe 描写塑造 (v.)Portrait=description 描写塑造 (n.)Preserve=store 储存Prevailing=popular=prevalent 盛行的Present day=modern society现代社会、现在时代Prodigious effort=enormous effort 重大的努力Produce=trigger=generate=spawn=bringabout=result=breed=spawn 激
13、发、产生Provide=offer 提供Protect A from B =shelter A from B 使 A 不受 B 的侵害QQuestionnaire=survey 问卷调查RReadily=easily=accessible 容易地Reflect=consider 考虑Relate to=understand=appreciate 理解Rely on二 depe nd on 依靠Remarkable=extraordinary 特别突出的（好的事物）Replace=take the place of 取代Residue=remains=relics=relicts=ruins 剩
14、余物、废墟Resemble=like=as 像SShow=reflect 表现Significance=importance 重要性State=Situation=circumstance状况,状态 ,情形Striking=noticeable 值得注意地Struggle for=strive for 努力地争取Substantial=considerable 想当可观的Success=achievement=great outcome=great progress=huge development 成功、成就Surprising=unexpectedly uncommon 令人吃惊的TTak
15、e to二be used to二get used to 对习惯Tale=story=fairytale 故事Talent=gift 天赋Tuition=formal teaching 正式的学校教育Turn to=consult 寻求帮助、求助于Toxic=poisonous 有毒的UUnbiased=without prejudice 无立场、不带任何偏见的Up to=depe nd on/upon二rely on 由决定Universal=popular 普遍VVirtue=advantage=strength 优点好处WWork out=figure out=reckon 计算出、作出P
16、art 21 解决 : Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle2 损害： Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize3 给与： Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford4 培养： Develop, cultivate, foster5 优势： Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength6 缺陷： Disadvantag
17、e, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness7 使迷惑： Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle8 重 要 的 ： Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative, essential9 认为： Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convi
18、nced, be fully convinced10 保护： Protect, conserve, preserve11 确保： Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge12 有害的： Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental13 要求 ： Request, demand, needs, requisition14 消除 ： Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away15 导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause,
19、spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate16 因 此 ： So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this17 增长至：Grow to , rise to , in crease to , go up to , climb to , asce nd to， jump to， shoot to18降低至： Dip to，fall to，declin
20、e to ， decrease to，drop to，go down to， reduce to ， slump to， descend to ， sink to， slide to19 保持稳定： Level out ， do not change ， remain stable ， remain still ， remain steady ， be stable ， maintain the same level ， remain unchanged ， be still ， remain the same level ， stay constant ， keep at the same
21、level ， level off， stabilize， keep its stability ， even out20 急剧的： Dramatically ， drastically ， sharply ， hugely， enormously ， steeply ， substantially ， considerably ， significantly ， markedly ， surprisingly ， strikingly， radically， remarkably ， vastly ， noticeably21 平稳地： Steadily，smoothly，slightly，
22、slowly，marginally，gradually， moderately ， mildly22 宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim23 发生：Happen, occur, take place24 原因：Reason, factor, cause25 发展：Development, advance, progress26 有 益的 ： Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding ， advantageous27 影响： Influence, impact, effect28 明显的：Clear, o
23、bvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear29 占： Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, makeup, occupy, hold, compose30 与相比： Compared with , compared to , in comparison with , in comparison to ， by comparison with ， by comparison to31 对比而言： By contrast ， in cont
24、rast ， on the other hand ， on the contrary= ， conversely32 展示： Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe33 大约： Approximately ， almost， about， around ， nearly， roughly34 波动： Fluctuate ， go ups and downs ， display a fluctuation ， demonstrate a fluctuation35 事实上： Pract
25、ically ，in practice ，essentially ，in essence ，in reality ， in effect， in fact， as a matter of fact ， it is a fact that36 换言之： Namely， that is to say ， in other words ， to put it like this ， to put it differently ， to put it from another way ， to put it from another anglePart 31. Concern with = relat
26、e to 与有关2. grow= increase= riseconcentrate on = focus on3. Under the title=name achievement =success4. tend to do sth = plane to do sth/ want to do sth5. be associated with = be connected with = be linked to与有关联6. approach = method = way = key intensely= extremely = very7. establish= found = set up
27、establishment = organization8. offer sb sth =supply sb with sth =provide sb with sth= grant9. argument= disagreementwork = materpiece 著作10. contract = agreement 合同，合约 no= without = have no 没有11. chaos = mess 混乱 monument= landmark 里程碑12. help sb with = assist sb in doing sth=reach a hand to sb 帮助某 人作
28、某事13. draw from = take fromleading = outstanding14. competitor= rival recognize as = look/assume asPart 41. dislike=distaste2. test = examine3. effect二 impact=influencefrom to = range from to4. ignore = neglectas per=according to5. unfold= carry on be reluctant to do=reject=refuse6. before = prior t
29、o7. predict = estimate =anticipateobey= abide by = comply with8. account for= explain= elucidate=illustrate in essence = in fact=indeed9. discrepancy=difference=shade forgo=give up10. context =environment=sircumstance=situation11. radical different=extremely different put another way=in other words1
30、2. sort out= find out= figure out plausible = reasonable12. fear=worrypollute = contaminate13. predict= anticipate=forecastoverstate = exaggerate14. in great number of = in number ofactually=indeed15. disappear= extinct 灭绝 seem to do =assume to do16. solve = cope with=deal with 解决 accelerate = speed
31、 up17. impact = effect =influenceresponse to = react to18. opinion poll= survey reason = factor 原因、因素19. entitle= name overwhelming=dominant20. field =domain 学科领域 oppose=against21. for example=such as=for instance=sayaltruistic=non-selfish22. lead to=result in 导致 extremely=seriously 严重地23. perceptio
32、n = view 观点、看法 association=society 协会24. encounter with = face=confront 面对 postpone to=delay解决方25. pressing=urgent 紧急、急迫 measure=solution=method 法26. key=crucial =significant=importmant 关键、重要27. but=yet enormous importance=great/significant28. launch=startderive from = get from29. revert to= get bac
33、k todistinction=identity30. immense =greatin the domain of=in the field of31. couple with = along withamass dollar=accumulate dollar32. essential feature = principleseize=grasp33. innovative=fresh drab=dull/single34. entirely=totallybe restricted to=be limited to35. needs=demand36. dub=call=name ref
34、lex=reaction/response37. result from=originate frombe critical for = be important to38. demanding=difficultretune=adjust39. seek for =search foroutlook=view40. figure out = find outtrack=follow41. in response to=respond to = react to42. prominence=importance revolution=invention43. in relation to= i
35、n association withsociety = association44. treatise=workfeature=characteristics45. commercial exploitation =commercializedo with=due to=because of46. objective = impersonal=impartialfoster=develop47. account=explanation=illustrationsubstantial=consider=enough48. be acknowledged=be realizedpilot prog
36、ram=trial program49. configuration=structurephenomenal=surprising50. make stride=make progressregardless of=despite of51. perpetuate=keep=maintainaccess to sth=get sth52. vital importance=extremely important53. rest=depositartificial=manmade54. make a comeback=return=re-enterbig=popular55. ignite=tr
37、igger a field of=a domain of56. encompass=unifyimply=indicate57. breakthrough=milestonearound the corner=is coming58. materialize=realizetide=trend59. agency=organizationreckon=deem60. approach=methodspot=find out61. boost=promoteprospect=future62. feature=portray elusive=pessimistic63. match up to
38、sth=equal with impressive=great64. impact=effect=influencefragile=vulnerable65. indigenous people=native peopletend to=look after66. undermine=destroy=damageinevitable=unavoidable67. renaissance=revive for instance=for example68. operate=run69. failure=incidentrare=unusually70. tension=pressurecompr
39、ession=pressure71. prime=get ready to doinclusion=impurity72. occur=happenanalyze=closely examine73. detect=examine74. trigger=produceinduce=encourage75. regardless=in spite of considerable=substantial76. important =crucial77. opinon=perspective, standpoint78. fame=prestige79. relieve=alleviate(alle
40、viate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)80. force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel81. enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)82. Lonely=solitary(if someone is solitary, there is no one near him
41、/her83. small=minuscule(very small), minute84. praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)85. hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly86. difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lo
42、t of efforts)87. show=demonstrate(to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)88. avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it89. fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)90. alw
43、ays=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)91. forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)92. quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)93. expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should
44、be)94. respect=esteem95. worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)96. cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)97. dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to peoples safety and health)98. nowadays=currently99. stop=cease(if something ceases, it
45、stops happening or existing)100. part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)101. difficult=formidable102. strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)103. rich=affluent(if you are affluen
46、t, you have a lot of money)104. approximately 将近 -nearly, almost105. dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)106. scholarship=fellowship107. attractive=appealing(pleasingandattractive),absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)108. diverse=misc
47、ellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)109. rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)110. despite=not withstanding(FORMAL)111. best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)112. sharp=acute(severe and intense)113. unbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen114. famous=distinguished(used to describe people who a
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