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1、学习必备欢迎下载名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：纯连接词： that, whether, if 不充当从句的任何成分连接代词： what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词： when, where, how, why主语从句1 定义：当作主语的成分变成句子时2 连接词(1) 纯连
2、词 that、 whetherThat you don t like him has nothing to do with me.Whether he ll come here isn t clear.Whether she comes or not makes no difference.注： that 不可以省略That I am a teacher is clear.( 有歧义 )(2)连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which,What she did is not yet known.whoever, whatever, whicheverWhoever c
3、omes is welcome.(3)连接副词 where, when, how, whyHow this happened is not clear to anyone.Wherever you are is my home - my only home.3it 作形(1). It+be+ 形容 (obvious,important ,necessary, true,It is certain that she will do well in her exam.式主语natural, surprising, possible, likely, etc.)+that 从句It is proba
4、ble that he told her everything.注： important ncecssary obvious 用虚拟语气， 从It is important that you (should )go to school on time.句用 should +do(2) It+be+ 名词词组 (no wonder, a fact ，an honour,It s a pity that we can t go.a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that 从句It s no surprise that our team won the
5、 game.(3) It+be+ 过去分词 (said, reported, thought,It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+thatIt is reported that China has sent another man-made earth从句。satellite into orbit.注： suggest，order， command ， insist ， etc.用It is suggested that you (shoul
6、d )go to school on time.虚拟语气，从句用should +do4 特别提示5 定从与名从(4)It+seem, happen appear matter makes no difference occurred comes about 等不及物动词及短语 +that 从句。如：当主从出疑问句时，要以 it 作形式主语，而把主语从句后置当主从出感叹句中时，而把主语从句后置 Whoever comes will be welcome.Whatever he did was right.Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize
7、.It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.It happened that I was out that day.It doesn t matter whether she will come or not.It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?Does it matter much that they will not come
8、tomorrow?How strange it is that the children are so quiet!(whoever=the person who)(whatever=the thing that)(whichever=anyone of you who)学习必备欢迎下载宾语从句1 定义：当宾语的成分变成句子时2 连接词(1) 纯连词 that、 whether .ifI hear that he has joined the football club.We found it impossible that he could finish the work in sucha
9、short timeI didn't know whether he would attend the concert.Tips1在以下情况下，that 不能省略1and 连接两个宾语从句， that 宾语从句放在 and 的后面时， that 不能省略2 that 引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时， that 不能省略。Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.3 that 从句位于句首时， t
10、hat 不可省略。That he ever said such a thing I simply don t believe.4主句谓语动词与that 从句之间有插入语， thatWe decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we不可省略would admit him for a probationary period.Tips 2whether 和 ifIt is not decided if/whether we will have a meeting today.1与 or not 连用时只能用 whetherI wonde
11、r whether he will come or not2介词后面只能用whetherIt all depends on whether they will support us.I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.I worry about if I hurt her feelings. (F)3当宾从提到句首时，只能whether，而不能用Whether it is true or not, I can t tell. /If it is true or not, (Fif4 用 if 引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用 if 而用 w
12、hether 。5. whether 可以引导从句，作主语、表语或同位语，而 if 不能。6. whether 可以引导带 to 的不定式， if 则不能7 如果宾语从句是否定结构，则if ，而不用whether。8 discuss 或 decide 等动词后，通常只跟 whether 引导的宾语从句，而不跟 if 引导的宾语从句。(2)连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever(3)连接副词where, when, how, why3 否定转移1 在 think, believe, suppose, exp
13、ect 等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，注意：hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。Please let me know if you want to go.Please let me know whether you want to go.It was uncertain whether he would comeIt was uncertain if he would come. (F)I don t know whether to accept or refuse.I don t know if to accept or refuse(F)You may do what yo
14、u will.I wonder what he s writing to me about.I don t know whom he is waiting for.That s what he is worried about.I want to know whose house it is.They ate whatever they could find on the deserted island.I'll take whichever book interests me.I ll tell you why I asked you to come.I don t believe
15、they haveinishedf their work yet.I don t suppose he cares, does he?I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧4 时态问题(1) 当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。 .(2) 当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。5 语序问题陈述句语序I don't know who you are .学习必备欢迎下载6 宾从分类1 及物动词后的宾语从句注：
16、 suggest insistorder command Tips1(1)如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it 作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。(2)表示情感等词hate love2 介词宾语从句.Tips2连词 that 引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在 except, but, in 后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词 that 引导，则需用 it 先行一步，作形式宾语。John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.He suggested that we (should) have a further discuss
17、ion about the final decision.I assure you that I had no intention of offending you.We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.He has made it clear that he will not give in.We must make it clear that the rules involved are to make every effort to curb the pollution.I hate it that you
18、 are always calling my names.He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day Your success will depend upon what you do and how you do it.I don t care (for) who marries him.He is a good student except that he is careless.You may rely on it that I shall help you.Tips3介词宾语不可以用 which 来引导，而要用whatA
19、re you sorry for what you've done?来引导。如：你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？3某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句sure,I'm afraid you don't understand what I said.glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised,Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed thesatisfied 等，连词 that 可省略exams.I'm surprised that I didn't se
20、e all that before.suggestion, advice, order, demand,， “should+ 动词原形”能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为学习必备欢迎下载表语从句1定义This is his job.- This is what he does.2系词分类(1) be(2) 感官动词look sound feel taste smell(3)半系动词 seem, appear, become, go , turn3连接词(1) 纯连词 that 不可省略The problem is that they can tget here early enough.The tr
21、ouble is that I have lost his address.纯连词 whether,The question is whether it sworth trying.The question is whether they will be able to help us. My advice is thatyou (should) think it over before you make a decision.My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.系动词 be, seem, look 等as, as if
22、 /as though（涉及虚拟）现在did /were过去 had done将来 should do /were to do(2) 连接代词 who, whom, whose,what, which, whoever, whatever,whichever(3) 连副词where, when, howwhy.(4) because/why （连接副词）He looked just as he had looked ten years before.It looked as if it was going to rain.All this was over twenty years ago,
23、but it's as if it was only yesterday. The clouds are gathering, it looks as if it is going to rain. 可能实现） The girl gives us a vivid description of the moon, it seems as if she had been to the moon for many times.（与事实不相符）He looks as if he is ill. （生病了） He looks as if he were ill. （没有 That was wha
24、t she did this morning on reaching the attic. The problem is who we can get to replace her.The question is how he did it.I think it is because you are doing too much. He is absent.That s because he is ill.（强调原因）He is ill. That s why he is absent.学习必备欢迎下载同位语从句1 定义2 理解3 连接词同位语从句 /定从句法功能I am your Engli
25、sh teacher,Miss Smith. fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark information, order, belief, suggestion, advice 等抽象名词 that 、 whether连接代词 who ,whom, what, whose, which,连接副词 when, where, why , howThe news that they had won the game was really exciting.The news (that) he told me yester
26、day is true. (可省 )一些表示 “建议、命令、要求”虚拟语气 should+ 动词原Everyone knows the fact that I am your English teacher. They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world.He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.I hav
27、e no idea whether he ll come or not.The question where we are going to spend our summer vacation is under discussion.He can t answer the question how he got the money.I have no idea when he will be back.We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.The news that you told me yesterday was really excitingThe news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. that 不可省This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.