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1、运行手册着陆性能评估相关规定6.56着陆性能评估6.56.1在航路飞行中目的地机场的相关条件，如道面条件、将要使用的跑道、风、飞机的着陆重量/构型/速度/减速设备等变差的 情况下，飞行机组应该在着陆前进行实际着陆性能的评估；6.56.2着陆距离的评估应该尽可能地在接近飞机到达时完成，并且 利用当时最新的信息。进行评估的位置不得晚于仪表进近程 序的起始点或目视进近起落航线的加入点。飞行机组应该在 收到白动天气通播（ATIS ）或抄收落地条件后，在下降顶点 前作进近简令时计算并进行着陆距离评估；6.56.3飞行机组在确定实际着陆距离时， 应该考虑如下因素的影响： 报告 的时效、报告发布以来当前的气
2、象条件、 发布该报告的 飞机型号或所用减速设备、报告发布后道面是否被处理过以 及道面处理的方法等；6.56.4进行实际着陆距离评估时，应该使用基于可靠的刹车效应报 告或跑道污染物报告（或预计的跑道表面条件，如果没有相 应报告）等在着陆将要使用的跑道范围内的最不利的刹车条 件；6.56.5飞行机组应根据到达时的实际条件进行着陆性能评估。这些实际条件包括气象条件（机场气压高度、风向和风速等）、跑道条件、进场速度、飞机重量和构型以及将要使用的减速设备等。根据上述条件得到实际着陆距离后， 应该再加上15%的安全余量，并且仍然不大于跑道的可用着陆距离。 使用上述相关程序进行了着陆距离评估后，如果不能保证
3、至少15%的安全余 量，就不得进行着陆；6.56.6着陆性能评估可以采用根据FCOM等相关手册图表内容进行计算的方式，也可以利用着陆限重分析表进行评估；6.56.7着陆距离评估完成后，如果在着陆以前相关条件发生了变化， 飞行机组需要考虑继续着陆是否更安全，或者再次计算着陆距 离，并且制定并在复飞或中断着陆时执行备用方案。有失效着陆性能评估主要分为三个步骤：一. 确定着陆跑道刹车效应，使用着陆跑道状况评估矩阵RCAM二. 确定进近速度VAPP，使用QRH有失效的进近速度表VAPP=VREF+ AVREF+ APPR COR影响到着陆距离的是进近速度修正 APPR COR 一项 vI LANDIN
4、G DgTANCF CORRECTION ( SPBoluEn 祀 Landing Distant。旧We)* If APPR COR > 1/3 Headwind cornponent:Correct the landing ditunce (5PD column) *h spd = appr cor' If APPR COR = 1/3 Headwind corriponent：No SPD calurrin CQirection in tht Landing Distance uble如果进近速度修正APPR COR大于三分之一顶风分量，则在着 陆距离查询中使用速度修正一栏
5、；如果进近速度修正等于三分之一顶风，则不需要使用着陆距离 查询中速度修正一栏。If the flight crew decides to increase the VAPP (in order to cover strong or gusty crosswind conditions for example), they should take into account this additional increase in the landingdistance assessment by using the SPD correction.如果机组决定增加进近速度(如侧风或阵风比较大的情况下
6、),则也要 考虑速度修正一栏修正着陆距离.Crew can insert a higher VAPP in case of strong suspected downburst, but this increment is limited to15 kt above VLS. In case of strong or gusty crosswind greater than 20 kt, VAPP should be at least VLS +5 kt; the 5 kt increment above VLS may be increased upto 15 kt at the fligh
7、t crew's discretion.当机组预计进近有较强的下沉气流时，也可以增加进近速度，最大增加至VLS+15kt。侧风或阵侧风超过20kt时，VAPP最小为VLS+5节;这个速度增量机组也可根据情况最大增加至15节。三. 使用系统失效相对应的刹车效应着陆距离查询表，查询着陆距离。有失效着陆距离查询实例着陆数据? Aircraft: A320? Runway Condition: 实雪? Reported Braking Action: 好? Wind / OAT: 12 kt 顶风/ -15 C? Airport Pressure Altitude: 1 000 ft? Est
8、imated Landing Weight: 62 吨? Autothrust: ON? In-Flight Failure: ENG 1 关车（没有损坏）Thrust Reversers:使用所有可用反推STEP 1: IDENTIFY THE BRAKING ACTIONRunway Condition: Compacted SnowReported Braking Action: GoodCodeRunway CondibonDeceleration And Directonal Control ObservationReported Braking ActionMax ICrosswi
9、nd (Gust tncluded)1116DryDry38ktDamp WetBraking deceleration is rormai for the wheel braking effort applied Directional control is normal.45kt3 mm (1 们 or less of Sush. Dry Snow Wet SnowFrostGood39ktECompacts Sno/v (OAT at o< beow -15 C)Braking decetecation and controllability ts between GoodGood
10、 to Medium29kt 1STEP 2: DETERMINE THE VAPPSTEP 3: CALCULATE THE LANDING DISTANCEENGINE SYSTEM| GOOD TO MEDIUM ICorrections on Landing Distance (m)WEIGHTSPDALTWINDTEMPSLOPEREVFAILUREFLAPS LEVER torLDG2VREFREF DIST (m) for 66TPerlTBELOW 66TPeruABOVE66TPer 5ktPer 1000ft above SLPer 5ktTWPer 10 C ABOVEI
11、SAPerl% Down SlopePer Thrust Rcverser OperativeREV UNLOCK140240020 40N/A 90. 200 80 90-120(with buffet)310-20 40 100 70, 200 70 8090SHUTDOWNFULL10T8i0|20 40Tiool 190 70 70-80(if ENG FIRE pushbutton pushed and rf Ice Accretion)316198020 40 100 70 190 70 80-90(66T) = 1810mWEIGHcorrection (62T) = -20x4
12、 = -80mSPcorrection (SPD = 5kt) = + 100 mLanding Distance=1820 mALT correction (1000ft) = + 70 x 1 = + 70 mcorrection = - 80 x 1 = - 80 m着陆跑道状况评估矩阵Runway Surface ConditionsObservations on Deceleration and Directional ControlRelated Landing PerformanceMaximum Crosswind (Gust included)Runway State or
13、/ and Runway ContaminantPiRepPiRep Pilot Report of Braking Action ESF: Estimated Surface Friction or ESFCodeLevelDry6Dry38ktDampWet (3 mm (1/8M) or less of water)GoodBraking deceleration is normal for the wheel braking effort applied. Directional control is nornal.5Good38kt3 mm(l/8H) or less of: Slu
14、sh Dry Snow Wet SnowFrost29ktCompacted Snow (OAT at or below -15°C)Good to MediumBraking deceleration and controllability is between Good and Medium.4Good to Medium29ktSlippery when wetCompacted Snow (OAT above -15X)More than 3 mm (1/8") of: Dry Snow - max 130 mm (5”) Wet Snow - max 30 mm
15、(11/8")MediumBraking deceleration is noticeably reduced for the wheel braking effort applied.Directional control may be reduced.3Medium25ktMore than 3 mm (1/8"), max 12.7 mm (1/2") of: Water SlushMedium to PoorBraking deceleration and controllability is between Medium and Poor. Potent
16、ial for Hydroplaning exists.2Medium to Poor20kt(rnld & dry)PoorBraking deceleration is significantly reduced for the wheel braking effort applied.Directional control may be significantly reduced.1Poor15ktWet iceWater on top of Compacted SnowDry Snow or Wet Snow over iceNilBraking deceleration is
17、 minimal to non-existent for the wheel braking effort applied. Directional control may be uncertainDAMP : A runway is damp when the surface is not dry, but when the water on itdoes not give it a shiny appearance.潮湿：所谓微湿的跑道，是指其表面不十燥，但上面的水分还不能使其看上去有 光泽。WET : A runway is considered as wet when the surf
18、ace has a shiny appearancedue to a thin layer of water. When this layer does not exceed 3 mm depth,there is no substantial risk of hydroplaning.湿：当跑道的表面因为积有薄薄的一层水而显得有光泽时，该跑道被称作湿跑 道。在水层的厚度不超过3 mm时，不大可能出现滑水的危险。STANDING WATER : is caused by heavy rainfall and /or insufficient runway drainage with adept
19、h of more than 3 mm.3 mm o积水：由于大量降雨和/或跑道排水不畅而导致跑道表面积水的深度超过 SLUSH : is water saturated with snow which spatters when stepping firmly on it.It is encountered at temperatures around 50 C and its density isapproximately0.85 kg/l (7.1 lb/US Gal).水雪:指水中饱含还未融化的雪，用力踩踏时会溅起。出现在气温约为5 C的 时候，其密度约为 0.85 kg/l (7.1
20、 lb/US Gal)。WET SNOW : is a condition where, if compacted by hand, snow will stick togetherand tend to form a snowball. Its density is approximately 0.4 kg/l(3.35 lb/US Gal).湿雪:指当你用手捏时雪会粘在一起并可以形成雪团的状况。 其密度约为 0.4 kg/l (3.35 lb/US Gal)。DRY SNOW : is a condition where snow can be blown if loose, or if
21、compacted by hand,will fall apart again upon release. Its density is approximately 0.2 kg/l(1.7 lb/US Gal).十雪:指松散的时候可以被吹起，当你用手捏时一松手即乂散开的状况。其密度 约为 0.2 kg/l (1.7 lb/US Gal)。COMPACTED SNOW: is a condition where snow has been compressed (a typical frictioncoefficient is 0.2).实雪:指雪被挤压过的情况。起典型的摩擦系数为0.2ICY
22、 : is a condition where the friction coefficient is 0.05 or below.冰：指摩擦系数为0.05或更低的情况。等同条件t： '、». PER-TOFCTA-200001 输 9 0001 DOf .- 22 MAY 13 垣用于:AIL时于下列报告的污染物,可以保绍以下等同的跑道条件来确定着陆性能，等同的跑道条件污朵物美变污染物泳度N量枳。12英寸）湿跑道水盘柬来0互英寸厂蔓米Q12英寸）让我7厦-英寸）6.3 史米1 4英寸）术也<25.4英寸值.丁至忒1思英寸区雪千或复3量来羔寸）§508董米“英
23、寸）卵毫粒1 4英寸冷雪£1丁 6柔米（4英寸）住,7毫制偶英寸）术雪>15.6量米曲英寸）不扣再起飞空中性能FPE-IFL-VAF 1/227 JUN 13确定带有失效的VAPPVAPP = VREF VREF + APPR CORVREFWeight (T)VREF ICC v 25%VIS CONF FULL (kt) CG 2 25%.心 mu 硕 wnHmiamjrmreHKHRM40 42 46 50 51 58 62 66 I 70 | 74 | 78VREFRefer to the applicable Landing Distance tableAPPRoac
24、h COR rectionAVREF< 10 ktAPPR COR = MAX ofAPPR COR ZREF Skt Incase ofA/THRON Skt in case of ke Accretion in CONF FULL lOkt in case of Ice Accretion in CONF 3 1/3 Headwlrd component (MAX = 15kt) must be limited to 20k(10 kt <AVREF<2<J ktAPPR COR 1/3 Headwind component (MAX - lOkt) APPR CO
25、R AVRFF must be limited ro 20ktVREF > 20 ktAPPR COR = OktN/A displayed in the SPD column of the Landing Distance tableVAPPVAPP VREF 4-AVREF + APPR CORLANDING DISTANCE CORRECTION ( SPDolumn In Landing Distance table) If APPR COR > 1/3 Heaths nd componentCorrect the landing distance (SPD column)
26、 with SPD « APPR COR If APPR COR , 1/3 Headwind component:No SPD column correction in the Landing Distance tableCAUTIONAny extra pilot approach speed increment must be added to VAPP, and must be taken into account in SPD column for landing Distance computation.If N/A is displayed in the SPD column of the Landing Distance table, do not add any extra pilot approach speed increment.