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1、精品文档时态讲解：现在完成时1）现在完成时通常表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。My daughter has just gone out.我女儿刚出去。I ' m sure we ' ve met be我肯定我们以前见过面。She has arrived.她至到了。2）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，女口rece ntly, already, just, lately, for,since ,ye等。如：I haven ' t heard from
2、her these da这些日子我没有收到她的信。We haven ' t seen you recentiy最近我们没有见至M尔。They have bee n away for two years.他们离开已经两年了。She has bee n with us since Mon day.3）.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester.6. have been to 和 have gone to的区另Uhave been to强调 去过”，现已不在那里，如：He has bee n
3、 to the USA three times.他到美国去过三次。（过去到美国”，现在已不在美国”）have gone to主要强调的是 去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：-Where's your mother?-你妈妈在哪？-She has gone to the hospital.她去医院了。一结构厂1肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他2否定句：主语+have/has+not动词的过去分词+其他-3般疑问句：have/has主语+动词的过去分词+其他Yes,主语 +have/has No ,主语+have/has+not3 4特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/h
4、as+主语+动词的过去分词+其他二 常和现在完成时一起连用的时间状语注意:.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，（如表示过去的时间状语）如 yesterday（m orning 、after noon） ,last（m orning 、after noon）等， 除非与for, since连用.1. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用如 already （肯定）,yet （否定，疑问）,just, before, recently, still, lately ，Just, already, yet, ever, never, before, twice（重复性时间），for+ 短时间
5、，since+点时间，so far, how long提问的疑问句中 He has already obta ined a scholarship.I have n't see n much of him rece ntly (lately).We have see n that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?2. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用如 ever, never, twice, several times 等 :Have you ever been to BeijingI have never h
6、eard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman several times.3. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用 如 up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far 等 :Peter has written six papers so far.Up to the present e
7、verything has been successful.三 当现在完成时与表示短时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词必 须使用延续性动词。如果谓语动词是非延续性动词则转化为对应的延 续性动词。 若不是和短时间连用，则不用转化。英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区 别。1. 持续性动词 : 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的 study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep 等。2. 瞬间
8、性动词 : 表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。 常见的 -begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to,en ter, hear, stop, ope n, close, become, buy, borrow, le nd, happe n, jo in, I ose,ren ew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off 等3瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常用意思相当的持续性动词来
9、替换He has been in the army/a soldier for three years. （他参军已有 3 年了。）不 用 has joinedShe has been up for quite some time.（她起床已有好久了。 ）不用 has got upHas your brother bee n away from home for a long time?（离家已有好久了吗？）不用has left常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：1、gobe away2、come be here 3、come back be back4、6> borrow keep7、le
10、ave be away（ be not here） 5、buyhavediebe dead8、beg inbe on 9、finish be over10、ope nbe open11、closebe closed12、losebe lost 13、get to know know14、turn on be on15、get upbe up 16、sit down sit/beseated 17、join be in （）或 be a member 18、become be4. 瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用例如：I haven ' t seen you for a l
11、ong time.（好久没见到你了。）四区别下面三组词Have been to表示去过某地方，不过现在已经回来 Have gone to 表示去了，还未回来Have been in 表示一直在某个地方五现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。 动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实， 不表示和现在的关系。I have just bee n to London. I went there last mon th.我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；
12、现在完 成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连 用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week ago, in1980, in October, just now,具体的时间状语共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, once， before, already, recently, lately现在完成时的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till /
13、until, up to now, in past years, always,六现在完成时的反义疑问句的结构主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他，have/has+not+主语 主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词+其他，have/has+主语七现在完成时考点例析一、考查其构成"助动词have (has) +动词过去分词"构成现在完成时。如：1. Kate's n ever see n Chin ese films ，? A. has n't she B. has she C. is n'tshe D. is she析：陈述句部分含否
14、定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因 Kate's是Kate has的缩写，故选B。2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. （ 改为否定句 ）His uncle posted the photos to him .析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填 has n't, yet。3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So her parents. A. has B. had C. did D.have析："so+助/系/情态动词+主语"
15、结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持 一致，又后句的主语为 her parents 是复数 ,故选 D。二、考查其用法与标志词（一）当句中有 never, ever, just, already, yet, before 等时，常用现在完成时。如：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -youyourhomework yet?A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished2. - you anywhere before? -Yes, but I can'
16、;t remember whereIA. Did; surf; surfedB. Have; surfed; surfedC. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed析：据 yet 和 before 可知,应用现在完成时，故 1 题选 D， 2 题选 D。（二）当句中有"for +段时间"或"sinee +点时间"等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语 动词必须是延续性动词 ，若是非延续性动词 ，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词 （短 语 ）。如：1. His brother has been to S
17、tone Forest twieehe eame to Yunnan.A. after B. before C. sinee D. for析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选C。2. Tomthe CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had析：A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表"段时间"的短语连用，故选D。3. Ia letter from him since he left.A. didn't receive B. haven&
18、#39;t got C. didn't have D. haven't heard析：据 since 可知，应排除 A、 C， "hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb."意为"收到某人的来信"，故选B。三、考查 have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to) 的区别 。如：1. -Have you everLintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors? -Yes, Ihave.A. went to B. gone
19、 to C. been in D. been to析：据句中的have，排除A，B项意为"去某地了 "，C项意为"一直呆在某地"， D 项意为 "去过某地 "，符合题意，故选 D。2. My parents Shangdong for ten years.A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been析：本题句中有"fo叶段时间"结构，据此可排除C，B项意为"去过某地"，不合题 意， D 项缺介词，故选 A。四、考查现在完
20、成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如：1. Sun's aunt has gone there for ten years.( 改成正确的句子 )析：非延续性动词与 "段时间 "连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外， 还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型"It's +段时间+since+从句"进行句子转 换。故答案为： Sun's aunt has been there for ten years. /Sun's aunt went there ten years ago. /It's ten years since
21、 Sun's aunt went there.2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.（ 改为同义句 ）more than ten years Susan to this city.析：据上题分析，且 since 引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填 It is, since, came3. I won't go to the concert because I my ticket.A. lost B. don't lose C. have lost D. is coming 析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去
22、，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结 果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选C。现在完成时的练习（一）一、 单项选择1、 Both his parents look sad. Maybe they what's happened to him .A. knew B . have known C . must know D. will know2、 He has been to Shanghai, has he?A . alreadyB . neverC . everD . still3、Have you met Mr. Li ？A . justB . agoC .beforeD .a
23、moment ago4、The famous writer one new book in the past two year .A . is writingB .was writingC .wrote D .has written5、 Our country a lot so far . Yes. I hope it will be even A . has changed ; wellB . changed; goodC .has changed ; betterD.cha nged; better6、Zhao Lanalreadyinthis school for two yearsA.
24、was; study ingB.will; studyC .has; studiedD.are; study ing7、WeXiao Li since she was ia littlegirl .A.knowB.had knownC . have knownD. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. Iit twice .A.will seeBhave seenCsawD .see9、These farmers have bee n to the Un ited StatesReally? Whenthere?A.will they goB .did
25、 they goC .do they goD.have they gone10、youyour homeworkyet ?Yes. Iit a moment ago.A.Did; do; finishedB .Have; done; fini shedC .Have; done; have fini shedD.will; do; finish11、His fatherthe Party si nee 1978A.joinedBhas joinedC . was inD.has bee n12、Do you know him well ?Sure .Wefrie ndssince ten ye
26、ars ago .A.wereB.have bee nC.have become D .have mad13、How long haveyouhere ?About twomon ths.A.bee nBgoneCcomeD.ArrivedBega nD.in1ten min utes. has bee n on14、Hurry up! The play A.15、A.16、forhas begun B . had begunC .It ten years since he left the army .isB . hasMiss Green isn't in the office.
27、sheD. WasA. has17、MyA.C .C. will to the library.B. wentC .will goD. has been_ Shandong for ten years.B . have been toD. have bee ngonepare ntshave bee n in have gone toB.D. for more than 9 years.B.D.How often, gotHow far, arrived18、The students have cleaned the classroom,A. so theyB. don' theyC.
28、 have they D. haven' they19has Mr White been a member of Greener China since heto China?A. How soon, comesC. How long, came20、 His uncle A. has come hereC. has lived there二、 句型转换。has started to work has left the university?（改成反意疑问句）1、He has never surfed,2、They have been here since 2000.(对划线部分提问)
29、have they bee n here?3、The old manlast year. He for a year. (die)(动词填空)4、This factory opened twenty years ago同义句转换)This factoryfor twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago.(同义句转换)Miss Gaoan hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years(.同义句)Her motherthe Party three years.7、The Green
30、 Family moved to France two years ago.同义句转换)two yearsthe Gree n family moved to Fran ce.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago扌把两个句子合并成一个 句子)汉译英。1. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。(just)2.我以前从来没去过那个农场。(n ever)3. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？4. 我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年5. 他们已去了美国五年了。 (for)现在完成时练习(二)I. Fill in the blanks with the pro
31、per form.1.1already(see) the film. I(see) it last week.2. he(fin ish) his work today? Not yet.3. My fatherjust(come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Where ' s Li Ming ? He(go) to the teacher' s office.5. I(work) here since I(move) here in 1999.6. So far I(make) quite a few frie nds here.7
32、. How longthe Wangs(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. Ijust(fin ish) my homework.9. He(go) to school on foot every day.10. you(find) your scie nee book yet?11. If it(be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.12. The stude nts(read) En glish whe n the teacher came in.13. Look! The mon key(climb) the tree.1
33、4. My mother(come) to see me n ext Sun day.15. I've lost my pen.you(see) it any where?II. Choose the best answer.1. How long have youhere?A. comeB. gotC. arrivedD. bee n2. My gran dpa diedA. at the age of my 2B. for 2 yearsC. whe n I was 2.D. my age was 6.3. Jane hasto BeiJi ng. She will come ba
34、ck tomorrow.A. bee nB. goneC. wentD. n ever bee n4. It is ten yearsI last saw her.A. afterB. sinceC. forD. that5.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry?-I will. Iher several times.A. metB. have metC. had metD. will meet6. -What a n ice dress! How longyouit?-Just 2 weeks.A. will, buyB. did, buyC.
35、are, hav ingD. have, had7. -Do you know Lydia very well?-Yes, She and Ifrie nds since we were very young.A. have made B. have become C. have bee nD. have turned8. The Smithsin Chi na for 8 years.A. has livedB. livedC. have bee nD. live9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?-
36、Sorry. Hethe Bainiao Park.A. has bee n toB. has gone toC. went toD. will go to10. -you everto the US?-Yes, twice.A. Have, goneB. Have, bee nC, Do, goD. were, goingIII. Rewrite the sentences.1. I have been to Macau before.改为否定句)bee n to Macau before.2. He hasnt come to schoofeuse he was ill.就划线部分提问）h
37、e come to school?3. I bough a new bike just now. 用 just 改写)Ijusta new bike.4. We began to learn English three years ago改为同义句)WeEn glishthree years5. He has n ever surfed,?(改成反意疑问句)6. They have bee n here si nee 2000.(对划线部分提问) have they bee n here?7. The old manlast year. He hasfor a year. (die)动词填空)
38、8. Miss Gao left an hour ago.(同义句转换)Miss Gao hasan hour ago.IV . Ask the questions1) I have bee n there for two days.you?2) My father has lived here since 2000.your father?3) He left here yesterday.he?4) They bought a book two hours ago.theya book?V . Use “never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since
39、in the”iaokSI1.1 havesee n him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack hasfini shed his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this schoolten years.4. “ Have yousee n the film? ”“ No, I havesee n it.5. “ Has the bus left?”“ Yes, it hasleft.”六、用 have / has been to /in, have gone t及 go 的各种形式填空。1) Wher
40、e is Jack? Hehis cou ntry.2) Davidthe park just now.3) Joh nEn gla nd since he came back.4) How longtheythis village?5) The SmithsBeiji ng for years.6) you everAmerica? - Yes, Ithere many times.7) Ithis school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? Hethe farm.9) Whenhe? Hean hour ago.there before.10
41、) Would you like to to the zoo with me? -Yes, but I11) Whereyounow? - I to the zoo.12) He ofte nswimmi ng.13) you there last year?14) they often skating in winter?七 用 never, ever, already, just, yet, for, sinc填空1. I have seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has fi n i she d his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ten years.seen it.4. “Have you seen the film? ” “No, I have 5. “Has the bus left ?” “Yes, it has left.精品文档