【初中英语语法名词PPT课件.ppt

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1、同学们: 加油!,英语语法词性详解一 名词, 一、什么是“名词” 及名词的分类,二、可数名词变复数的规则,三、不可数名词, 四、名词所有格, 五、练习,、典型例题分析,、练习,(),(),(),( 4 ),(1),(2),名词:表示一类事物名称的词。,返回,1.规则变化,2.不规则变化,1、一般加-s,如:maps,cars,2、以s , x ,sh, ch 结尾的加-es;如:dish-dishes,3、以辅音字母加y结尾的 , 先变y为i ,再加-es ;如: baby-babies ,family-families,4、以f,fe结尾的名词,通常要变f 或fe为v,再加-es; 如: l

2、eaf-leaves, wife-wives,life-lives,thief-thieves;注: belief-beliefs(信心),roof-roofs(屋顶) , safe-safes(保险箱), gulf-gulfs(海湾)则直接加s,5、以o 结尾的名词,变复数时: a. 加s,如: photo photos,piano pianos ,kilo-kilos, radio radios,zoo zoos; b. 加es,如:potato potatoes,tomatotomatoes,hero heroes(英雄),改变部分字母:woman- women 妇女,man- men男

3、人,policeman-polimen警察child-children孩子,mouse-mice老鼠 ,foot-feet脚,tooth-teeth 牙,单、复数同形:yuan元,people人、人民 ,Chinese中国人,Japanese日本人,sheep绵羊,deer,fish,关于“国人”的复数:中、日友好:Chinese-Chinese中国人,Japanese-Japanese日本人英、法联邦:Englishman-Englishmen, 英国男人 Englishwoman-Englishwomen英国女人; Frenchman-Frenchmen, 法国男人 Frenchwoman

4、-Frenchwomen法国女人;澳、加(真)美: Australian-Australians , Canadian- Canadians , American-Americans,返回,不可数名词:(前面不能用a,an等来修饰)到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有:液体类(water):juice(果法) , tea(茶) , soup(汤) ,milk(牛奶) , cola(可乐) ,coffee(咖啡) ,肉类(meat):beef(牛肉),pork(猪肉),mutton(羊肉)粉末类:bread(面包) ,抽象名词类:news(新闻,消息),information(消息),money(钱

5、),advice(建意),friendship(友谊) ,work(工作),homework(家庭作业),housework(家务活),schoolwork(学业),help(帮助) ,fun (乐趣),health(健康),price (价格) 食物类(food):broccoli(花椰菜) , rice(大米,米饭) ,porridge(粥) ,junk food(垃圾食品),chocolate(巧克力) ,tofu(豆腐),不可数名词计量的表达:个数单位词:piece (张、片、块、条),容器单位词:bottle(瓶),bag(包),box(盒、箱),类别单位词:kind( 种、类)度量

6、衡单位词:kilo(千克、公斤),返回,名词所有格:表示“(某人)的”:一般在名词后加 s 构成。如:Jims mother 吉姆的妈妈 My teachers desk 我老师的桌子 the dogs name那狗的名字若以S结尾词,则在S后加 .如:the boys 那些男孩的。表示几个人共同的东西,只在最后一个人后加。 如:Lucy and Lilys mother 。 Lucy和Lily的妈妈(两人是姐妹)表示几个人都分别有的东西,则每个都加。 如:Lucys and Lilys mothers . Lucy 的妈妈和Lily的妈妈(两人不是姐妹)一般用.of.结构来表示无生命的名词所

7、有格: 如:the door of the room 房间的门 a map of China一 张中国地图 the photos of my sister 我妹妹的照片双重所有格,例:a friend of my fathers,a classmate of mine,返回, 典型题例分析 ,例1 下列几组复数名词中,每组都有一个错词,请指出:,1 A.Chinese B. Frenchmen C. Englishmen D. Germen,2. A. tomatoes B. photos C. radioes D. potatoes,3. A. desks B. Americans C. f

8、riends D. breads,4. A. stories B. families C. plays D. keies,5. A. leaves B. knives C. rooves D. shelves,6. A. clothes B.monthes C. mouths D. fifths,返回,例2 判断下列文哪句译正确: 多好的消息啊!A. What a good news it is ! B. What good news it is !,例3 单项选择 What you need is more . Dont always do your at your desk.exercis

9、e ; exercise B. exercises ; exersises C. exercises ; exercise D. exercise ; exercises,例4 单项选择 All the teachers and students are having a party. A . women ; girls B . women ; girl C . woman ; girls D . woman ; girl,例5 改错 My trousers are too long , but hers is too short .,返回,例6 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空: I dont

10、 think maths ( be ) easy .,例7 单项选择: Mabel gave me . A. two bread B. some breads C. a piece bread D. two pieces of bread,例8 改错: Shall I wait for you at the schools gate at five this after-noon ?,例9 单项选择: mother is a worker . Mary and Mikes B. Marys and Mikes C. Marys ane Mike D. Mary and Mike,返回,例10

11、单项选择: 1.After the exams , we shall have holiday . A. two months B. two-month C. a two month D. a two months 2.Mr Smith is . A.English B. Englishman C. Englishwoman D. Englishmen3.Wang Lei was born in Wuhan ,but Guangzhou has become her second . A family B. home C. house D. country 4.Most Englist peo

12、ples family name comes A. first B. middle C. last D. together 5.There is a over the river . A. ship B. boat C . bridge D. village,例13 改错 Youd better have walk after supper .,返回, 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空:,1The two girls are ( Japan ) .,2. The ( baby ) are asleep .,3. Do you know the two ( man teacher ) ?,4. Th

13、e ( child ) are washing their ( foot ) .,5.There are two ( people ) and lots of ( sheep ) in the fields .,6. September 10 is ( teacher ) Day .,7. I think physics ( be )more interesting than maths .,8. Dont you think the ( radio ) are too noisy ?,9. Whose ( knife )are these ?,10. “ Whose house is thi

14、s ?” “ Its the ( Smith )” .,返回, 单项选择:,The boy dropped the and broke it .A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup,2. In time , those mountains will be covered with trees , too .A. few years B. a few years C. a few year D. a few years,3. Granny is badly ill . We have to take her

15、 to the . A. farm B. post office C. ship D. hospital,4. I have to tell you . A. a news B. many news C. a good piece of news D. many newses,5. are sold in that shop . A. Mens and childrens shoes B. Mens and childs shoesC. Mens and children shoes D. Man and child shoes,6. If anyone comes to see me , a

16、sk him to leave a . A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice,7. Miss Smith is a friend of . A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. Mary mothers D. Mothers of Mary.,8. If these trousers are too big , buy a smaller . A. piece B. kind C. copy D . pair,9. Its my dog . A. sister Lilys B. sisters Lilys C.

17、sister Lily D. sisters Lily,10. She had beautiful black but I could see some white . A. hair ; hair B. hairs ;hairs C. hair ; hairs D. hairs;hair,返回,名称 总称(谓语用复数)一个人 两个人 中国人the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亚人the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄国人the Russi

18、ans a Russian two Russians 意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians 希腊人the Greek a Greek two Greeks 法国人the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 美国人the Americans an American two Americans 印度人the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人the Canadians a Canadian two Canadia

19、ns 德国人the Germans a Germans two Germans 英国人the Englishan Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人the Swedish a Swede two Swedes,注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。 如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans,1.名词前的修饰词:放在可数名词复数前的有:many(许多) , few(很少) , a few(一些),放在不可数名词复数前的有: much(许多) ,

20、little (很少), a little(一些)(可数、不可数前)都可放的词有:a lot of ,lots of(许多), some (一些),2.有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼,3.以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States,the United Nations (联合国)应视为单数。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。 The Arabian

21、 Nights is a very interesting story-book. 是一本非常有趣的故事书。,注:物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格。 公式为: a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。 如: a friend of mine. each brother of his.,返回,复合名词应该属于一种构词法。之所以把它放到名词来讲,是因为复合名词首先它也属于名词,而且很多都是由名词+名词构成。通过它可以加深我们对名词的理解,扩大我们的词汇量。如:river bank河岸,江岸 winterclothes冬季服装 kitchentable厨房用的桌子 复合名词的意思一般都是构成词的意思而得出的。例如,winterclothes就是winter 冬天+clothes衣服=冬季衣服。 不仅仅名词+名词=新名词。复合名词还可以由其他方法构成。例如,名词+动名词:weight-lifting举重;动名词+名词:diningroom餐厅,食堂等等,

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