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1、初中定语从句讲解,育才学校 吴海霞,Match the two sentences1.Im reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates. _2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man. He is smoking._4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week._,Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.,He is a teacher w
2、ho/ that teaches us Chinese.,I dont like the man who is smoking.,Where is the picture that you bought last week?,什么是定语从句呢？,答案：修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。,结构： 先行词 + 关系词 + 句子,定语从句：,由一个句子充当定语,从句的位置：,在名词或代词后,先 行 词： 被定语从句修饰的词,引 导 词：,引导定语从句的词 关系代词 关系副词,引导词的作用: (1)引导定语从句 (2)在从句中作一成份 (3)代替先行词在从句中的位置,The man who li
3、ves next to us is a policeman.,先行词,_,_,关系词,_,定语从句,先行词,关系词,定语从句,Mary is a girl who has long hair.,关系代词,关系副词,which, who, whom, whose, that,Where, when,关系词,关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose关系副词: when, where, why,关系代词： 指物：that which 指人：who (主/宾格) that whom（宾格）,关系词判 断 步 骤 : 首先，要看先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系代词 可用 w
4、ho,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系 代词可用which或that;,然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表,关系代词用法,人物,主宾,主宾,主宾,宾,定,人,人,人物,物,关系代词that, which引导的定语从句: 如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系代词应用that、which. (作主语或宾语),Which house is mine?,房顶是棕色的房子是我的。,The house is mine.,whose roof is brown,My house,This is a dream.The dream will never come true.,Thi
5、s is a dream which/that will never come true.,The dog has been found.The dog was lost.,The dog which was lost has been found.,Practise: This is the house which is for sale.2. The book which is lying on the floor is mine.,which / that 作主语. (不能省),（作主语）,which / that 作宾语 ： （可省略）,This is the card.Ive jus
6、t received the card.,This is the card which / that Ive just received.,Practise:This is the mistake which /that I always make. I still keep the letters which she wrote to me. I lost the pen which my father bought me.,( ),（作宾语）,关系代词who, that, whom引导的定语从句: 如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who, that (作主语或宾语)whom (
7、作宾语),who / that 作主语. (不能省),This is the film star.The film star is very popular in China.,This is the film star who is very popular in China. (作主语),The boy who broke the window is called Roy. Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting yesterday? The girl who is watering the flowers is my cousin.,/
8、that,who / whom / that 作宾语：( 可省略),The man is a famous writer. He described the man just now.,The man ( who/ whom/ that ) he described just now is a famous writer. (作宾语）,The boy who(m) I m looking for is my friend. The thief has been sent to prison. The police caught the thief last night.,The thief w
9、hom the police caught last night has been sent to prison.,小结：that 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。which指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.,who 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）,注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。,有时只能用 that , 不用 which, 常见的情况有六种：,当先行词是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing , everybody
10、,nobody, everyone, no one 或被它们修饰时。 Thats all that I know. Is there anything that I can do for you? He answered few questions that the teacher asked.2. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.,The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.3. 当先行词有the very
11、, the only, the same,the last等修饰时。Thats the only thing that I can do now.These are the very words that he used.4. 当主句以 who 或 which开头时，定语从句的关系词用 that, 而不用 which 或 who.Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?Which is the pen that you lost ?,5. 先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.The man and his dog that I always
12、meet are standing by the gate.,只能用that 的情况：,1先行词被最高级 、序数词修饰时； 2先行词有all, only, very, last, few, little, much, none, some, any, every, no 等修饰时； 3先行词是all, anything, everything, something, nothing 时；4 先行词既有人, 又有物；5 由who和which提问的句子；6 主句是There be 结构时.,只能用which的情况：,1.介词提到关系代词前The city in which she lives is
13、 far away.The city whichthat she lives in is far away.2.引导非限制性定语从句I am reading Harry Porter, which is an interesting book.3.整个句子是先行词，从句前面往往有逗号。He failed in the exam, which made his parents angry.,注: who、that在指人可以通用，但下列宜用 who,禁用that 1).先行词是anyone, someone, those时，关系词使用who Those who want to go to the
14、Great Wall sign up here. Is there anyone who wants to go there? 2).在there be 句型中，先行词指人,关系词用who There is an old man who wants to see you. There are many young men who are against him.,whose 作定语,表示所属关系。,The boy is my classmate. The boys father is a policeman.,The boy whose father is a policeman is my
15、classmate.,A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan( 孤儿).A. who B. whose C. whos D. which,例句赏析,Its an invention which /that is used for keeping off the rain .,飘,Its a book that/which was written by Margaret Mitchell.,Gone with the wind,Its the Wall that /which was built by Chinese people.,Its
16、an animal that/which.,Its an animal that / which has big nose.,Exercise 1 :用关系代词填空,The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.I hate people _ talk much but do little.The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.,who / that,which/ th
17、at,who / that,which / that,5. The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6. Is there a student _ father is a business man?7. This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.,whose,whose,which,that,当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.,Exerc
18、ise 2.,My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember.Say all _ you know.Is there anything _ I can do for you?,that,that,that,当先行词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.,4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5. This is the best novel _ I have read.,that,that,当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.,6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.,当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.,that,that,挑战高难度！,谢谢,