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1、精品文档状语从句用法详解内容提要：一、时间状语从句二、地点状语从句三、方式状语从句四、程度状语从句五、原因状语从句六、结果状语从句七、目的状语从句八、条件状语从句九、让步状语从句十、比较状语从句一、时间状语从句:1、时间状语从句通常用下列从属连词来引导：after, before, as, once,till, un til, (ever) sin ce, whe n, whe never, while, now (that), as long as, as soon a& 如:Now (that) you ' ve grown up, you must stop this c
2、hildish behaviour.Whe never we met with difficulties, they came to help us.Come and see uswhe never you have time.People do not know the value of health till they lose it.2、有些词，如 immediately, directly, instantly 等，当用于 as soon as意义时，也可以引导时间状语从句，如：I got in touch with him immediately I received his let
3、ter.My sister camedirectly she got my message.The machi ne will start in sta ntly you press the butt on.I ' ll telephone yodirectly I hear the news.Will you look for it immediately you get there?3.某些表示时间的名词词组，如the (very) mome nt ( = as soo n as ),the minute ( = as soon as ), the in sta nt ( = as
4、 soon as ), the day, the year, the morning, every time, each time, next time, the first time 等，也可 以引导时间状语从句，如：I ' ll tell you aboutthe moment you come.I started the instant I heard the report.The in sta nt she saw him she knew he was her brother.Every time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.
5、I ' m going to see hiimixt time he comes to Shenzhen.He left Europe the year World Warn broke out.He had impressed me that waythe first time I met him.I started the very moment I got your letter.I ' II tell hithe minute (that) he gets here.4.有些关联从属连词，如no soonerthan / hardly when /scarcelywhe
6、n / barelywhen等，也能引导时间状语从句。 女口果把 no sooner, hardly, scarcely, barely 置于句首，它所连带的这部分就要倒装，如：Shehad no sooner heard the n ewstha n she fain ted.=No sooner had she heard the n ewstha n she fain ted.They had hardly started to work whe n the trouble bega n.=Hardly had they started to work whe n the trouble
7、 bega n.He had scarcely en tered the room whe n the pho ne rang.=Scarcely hadhe entered the room when the phone rang.二、地点状语从句:1、地点状语从句常用 where, wherever来引导，如:We will stay where you stay. (where = in the place in which; where 既连接主句与从句，又在从句中作副词修饰谓语stay。)I found my books where I left them.Wherever he h
8、appe ns to be, Joh n can make himself at home.He will work wherever the people n eed him.Let me gowherever (= to any place to which) they like (to go).2、有时，-where构成的复合词也可以引导地点状语从句，如:Everywhere they went, they were kin dly received / warmly welcomed.We ll goinywhere the Party directs us.精品文档三、方式状语从句:
9、1、方式状语从句通常由 as, as if, as though来引导，如:You must do the exercisers I show you.Please do exactlyas your doctor says.It looks as if it might snow / is going to snow.He actedas if / though no thi ng had happe ned.He walkedas if he was / were drunk.Mary was behav in gas though she had n ' t grow n up.
10、2、在非正式文体或口语中，也可用the way (that) (= as = in the way in which), how, like 等来引导，如:Jean doesn ' t dtbet way I do.She is doing her workthe way I like it done.You can do the jobhow you like.The Iandlord was watching himlike (= just as) a cat watches a mouse.Do you make breadlike you make cakes?like作连词的
11、用法补充说明：1). Conjunction (informal)(非正式)：in the same way that; as 同样，女口People who cha nge coun trieslike they cha nge clothes.换国籍像换衣服一样的人2). as though; as if 好像，如同I felt like I'd been kicked by a camel.我觉得好像被骆驼踢了似的四、程度状语从句：程度状语从句可用 to such an exte nt that / to such a degree that ，to the degree/ ex
12、tent that, in so far as( 在 的范围内”）等来引导，如:The temperature rose to such an extent that the firemen had to leave the burning building.The temperature lowered to such a degree that the water froze.试比较：The temperature rose so high that the firemen had to leave the burning buildi ng.The temperature lowered
13、 so much that the water froze.从以上例句可以看出，程度状语从句往往也表示达到某种程度时所引 出的结果，所以程度状语从句和结果状语从句在意义上有相通之处。At that time politicians were not known to the degree that they aretoday.那时政治家们并不像今天这样为人所知晓。I'll help you in so far as I can.我会尽我所能帮助你。五、原因状语从句：1、引导原因状语从句最常用的连词是 because, since,和as，所引导 的从句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后
14、。其中because语势最强，si nee 次之，as 又次之。 because通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是听话人所不知道的，全句强调的重点在原因上，不在主句表示的结果上。回答why提出的问题时，只能用because;在强调句型中也只能用 because从 句，不能用since, as等，如：Becausel can ' t see very well, I have to sit near the front.It was because he was ill that he didn ' t go with us.It was because he was ill t
15、hat he didn ' t come. since和as引导的句子，重点在主句的内容，其原因或理由在说话人看来已很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，since和as只是一种附带的说明原因，不是对原因进行强调，如：As he is work ing hard, he is likely to succeed.Sin cehe can ' t an swer the questi on, you' d better ask some one else.As / Since he was not at home, I spoke to his brother.Si nce you
16、 in sist, I will recon sider the matter.As he was in a hurry, he left his bag at home. for是并列连词，它引导的句子只能 后置。表示因果关系时，可 以和because换用；但当它用于对主句的内容加以解释或推断时， 不能用because代替，如：He couldn ' t have seen because / for I was not here.The ground is wet,for / because it rained last night.It rained last night, fo
17、r the ground is wet this morning. because之前可以加上 simply, only, just等强调词，如：You shouldn ' t get ajigsybecause some people speak ill of you.2、复合连词也可以引导原因状语从句，这些连词有：now (that), seeing(that), considering (that), for the reason that, by reason that, for fear that, that 等，如：Now (that) (= Since) you ment
18、ion it, I do remember.Now (that) he is absent, you ' II have to do the work by yourself.Now (=Since)the rain has stopped, let' s start.Seeing (that) all the guests have arrived, let' s have dinner.She didn ' tfigofear that she would get lost.He has done very well,considering (that) h
19、e has no experienee.I haven ' t finished writing the report,yeot that (= not because) I dislike the work, but that (= but because) I have not time.Con sideri ng that they are just beg inn ers, they are doing quite a good job.3、在“主语+ be +形容词+ that ”句型中，主语通常是人，形容词通常为：glad, happy, pleased, sorry等表示
20、感情的形容词，这时 that可以看作原因状语从句，如：We are glad that (= because)we have reaped ano ther bumper harvest.I m glad (that) you are all right.We are sure that our team will wi n.I' m pleased thatou have decided to come.六、结果状语从句结果状语从句往往放在主句之后， 通常主句是因，从句是果，这和原因状语从句刚好相反，例如：He was ill, so that he didn' t come
21、.He didn ' t come because he was ill.1、结果状语从句通常用下列连词引导:sothat, such (a)that,such that, so that, that 等，例如：He wasso angry that he left the room without saying a word.The book is writte n in such simple En glish that we beg inn ers can understand it without much difficulty.It was such a bad accide
22、 nt that several people got injured.His dilige nee wassuch that he made great progress.He didn ' t plan his time wso,that he didn ' t finish the work in time.She worried so that she could hardly eat her supper.What have I done that you should be so angry with me?2、应注意的几个问题： 在非正式文体中，由sothat,
23、such (a)that引导的结果状语从 句，往往可以省略连词that，这时，从句之前往往用逗号与主句隔开，在口语中则用停顿表示省略。He wasso tired (,) (that) he could hardly stand.Peter issuch a good boy (,) (that) he is loved by everybody.You walkso fast (that) I can ' t keep pace with you.We left in such ahurry (that) we forgot to lock the door.He wasso rud
24、e (that) she refused to speak to him. 当so修饰动词时，后面应稍停顿，如：His heart beat so A that he could hardly breathe.She worried so Ahat she could hardly eat her supper. 当so位于句首时，主句的语序应倒装，如：Sobadly was he injured that he had to go to the hospital.So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.七、目的状语从句1、目的状语从句
25、通常使用的连词有：so that, i n order that, that, so否定的句式常用 lest, in case, for fear that来引导。目的状语从句中一般要有can, may, could, might, will, would, should等情态动词，如:Bring it closer (so) that I may see it better.I put dow n his addressfor fear that I should forget it.The teacher must speak clearly so that his students ca
26、n / may un dersta nd well.We'sit nearer the front so we can hear better.(非正式或口语)The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it (should) go wrong on the way.Please remi nd me of it again tomorrow in case I forget.Take an umbrella with you, in case (= for fear that) it rains / it may rain / i
27、t should rain.He left early in casehe should miss the train.2、so that / so既可以引导目的状语从句，又可以引导结果状语从句, 其区别可以根据上下文的意义来判断，也可以从其结构上来判断。 凡在讲话时，so that / so从句之前有停顿，在文字中 so that / so从句之前有逗号，则为结果状语从句，否则为目的状语从句，如：We all arrived at eight, so （that） the meeting began promptly.（结果状语 从句）We'come at eight so （tha
28、t） the meeti ng can beg in early.（目的状语从 句）有时，由so that或so引导的结果状语从句之前并没有逗号，这时，就要看从句中有没有can, may, could, might, will, would, should情态动词如果有,多半是目的状语从句，如果没有，多半是结果状语从句，如：I am going to the lecture early so that I' get a good seat.（目的状语从句）I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat.结果状语从句） 目的状语
29、从句可以移至句首，而结果状语从句不能前移，如：So that he could be heard in every room, John spoke through a microphone.（目的状语从句）Joh n spoke through a microph one so that he was heard in every room.（结果状语从句）八、条件状语从句1、条件状语从句通常用下列连词引导：if, unless, supposing (that)(仅 在问句中使用)，suppose (that), in case, so / as long as, so far as, o
30、n con dition (that), provided (that) 等，例如：In case he comes, let me know.You can go outas / so long as you promise to be back before eleve n.I will come again tomorrow provided (that) I have time. (= if)Supposing (that) it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? (= if)Uniessyou tell him yourself, he' l
31、l lose faith in you completely.We ll let you use the roomon condition that / provided that you keep it clea n and tidy.2、有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配and，如:Come tomorrow, and I will tell you.(=If you come tomorrow, I will tell you.)Give him an inch and hell take a mile.ll take a mile.)(=If you give him an
32、 in ch, he:当表示否定的条件时，可用连词or或otherwise，女口:Hurry up, or (else) you' ll be late.Make up your mind, or you ' ll miss the chanee.Start at once, or / otherwise you'll miss the train.(=If you don' start at once, you'll miss the train.)(=Uni essyou start at on ce, you'll miss the tra
33、in.)3、if only是if的强调式，通常表示说话人强烈的愿望，但愿，真希 望”，如：If only it clears up, we ' ll go.If only somebody had told us, we could have warned you.如果有人告诉了我们，我们就会让你提防的。注：if only引导的状语从句有时可以不依附于主句而独立存在，表示说话人的希望、愿望或遗憾等心情，如：If only he comes in time. (= I hope he will come in time.)If only he didn ' t drive so
34、fast. (= I wish he didn' t drive so fast.)If only I hadn ' t been late for work.(=I wish I hadn ' t been late for work.)4、在真实条件句中，从句动词通常用一般现在时表示将来时间，主 句通常带有情态动词，如：If you move, I' shoot you.If I press this butt on, what will happe n?If you come, you can see it.If you finish early, you
35、may go.注 当从句表示将来已经完成或正在进行的动作时，动词用现在完成时或现在进行时，如：I will retur n the book on Mon day if I have read it.The police won ' t take your car away are sitting in it.注 如果从句表示现在的意图、意愿、决心等，则可以用will / shall ， 如：If you will read the book, I ' ll let you have it.If you will help me, we can finish by six.If
36、 you will give up smoking / drinking, your health will improve.5、有一种条件句，其从句动词不管主语的人称和数如何，一律用“ should +不定式”，主句动词可根据意义需要米取不同形式，如：If he should hear of your marriage, he would be surprised.If you should hear the n ews, please let us know.If you should be interested, I' ll tell you the whole story.If
37、 it should rai n , we had better stay in doors.If he should come tomorrow, I would tell him everyth ing.注：在正式文体中，可用 should I (we, you etc)代替 If I (we, you etc.) should ，如：Should I be free tomorrow, I will come.Should you see Mike, will you ask him to ring me up?Should you see my mother, tell her I a
38、m quite well.6、非真实条件句： 当从句表示与现在事实相反的条件时，从句动词用一般过去时或were型虚拟式，主句动词用 would / should / could / might + 不定式，如：If I were you, I should con sult a doctor.If I lived in the twenty-first century, my life might be different in a nu mber of ways. 当从句表示与过去事实相反的条件时，从句动词用过去完成时,主句动词用 would / should / could / might
39、 +不定式完成式，如：If he had tried hard last term, he would have succeeded.If he had taken his doctor' s advicmjghi not have died . 当从句表示将来不大可能实现的条件时，从句动词用一般过去时 或 were / was to + 不定式，主句动词用 would / should / could / might +不定式，如：What would you do if it sno wed tomorrow?He wouldn' t do iinless you were
40、 to order him to. 在正式文体中可用“were +主语”等倒装结构代替“ if +主语+ were” 等结构；“ had + 主语+ ed分词”代替“ if +主语+ had + ed分词”结构， 如：Were I in your place, Iwould be very worried.Were Joh n to go to the uni versity, hewould have to work hard.Had the capta in bee n more careful, his shipwould not have bee n sunk.Had it not b
41、een for the expense, I should have gone to Italy.7、unless与ifnot的用法比较：If you don' start at once, you will miss the train.Uni essyou start at on ce, you will miss the tra in.unless在意义上相当于ifnot ,在有些场合两者可以交替使用, 但在有些场合又不可以互换，以下是不可互换的情况： 当ifnot引导非真实条件状语从句时，一般不可以改用unless,例如：If she weren ' so silly,
42、 she would understand.（事实上她很傻，改成 Unlessshe were so silly含义为她不傻）If I hadn ' stopped her, she would have jumped into the river.（事实上我 阻止了她，改成 Un less I had stopped her含义为我没有阻止她。） unless表示除外的唯一条件，因此通常不能用and连接两个uni ess从句，而ifnot则不受此限，如：She won ' t lose weighft she does not keep a diet and if she d
43、oes not take exercises every day.She won ' t lose weiglulnless she keeps a diet and takes exercises every day.(不说：uni ess she keeps a diet and uni ess she takes exercises every day.) unless从句中可用否定词，而 ifnot从句中不可再加否定 词，因此在 unless引导的否定从句中，不可用 ifnot代替 unless，如：I will go unl ess no one else does.I wi
44、ll go if no on e else does nX t.Don' t ask me to explain unless you really don' t understand.Don' t ask me to explain if you really not don' t understand. 在ifnot从句中通常用非肯定词，而在unless引导的肯定形式 的条件从句中，通常用肯定词，而不用非肯定词，如：I will be very angry if you haven ' spoken to her yet.I will be very
45、 angry unl ess you have already spoke n to her.九、让步状语从句1.引导让步状语从句的主要连词有although, though, as, eventhough / if 等。He is un happythough he has a lot of mon ey.虽然他很有钱，但他不快乐。They will stand by youeven if you fail.即使你没成功，他们也会支持你。注意：although/though 不可与but连用，但可与yet, still 等连 用。例如。Though it was raining hard,
46、yet they went on playing football. 虽然雨下 得很大，但他们仍然继续踢足球。2. as引导让步状语从句时，需倒装，从句中的表语和状语或动词原 形要置于句首；though引导时，倒装或不倒装皆可。如表语是名词,不可加冠词；若动词原形前置，从句要有 may或might。例如:Child as he is, he knows a lot.尽管是个孩子，他却懂得很多Try as he might, he could not find a job.不管怎么努力，他还是找不到工作。3. when和while也可引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”。例如:While they a
47、re my neighbors, I do not know them well.虽然他们是我的邻居，但我并不很熟悉他们。4. whethero可引导让步状语从句，意为：不管是 还是,不 论是否。例如：You will have to attend the ceremony whether you are free or busy. 不管你忙不忙，你都要参加这个典礼。5. whatever, whoever, whichever, however, when-ever, wherever 等与 no matter what/ who/ which等也可引导让步状语从句，意为 不 管不论”Wha
48、tever/ No matter what you say, he will not believe you.不论你说什么，他都不会相信你。5）其它弓丨导短语： granted/granting that, admitting （that）, in spite of/despite the fact thatGran ted（假定;就算）that he has eno ugh money to buy the house, it doesn ' t mean he ' s going to do so.He went out in spite of the fact that he had a bad cold.十、比较状语从句比较状语从句一般由从属连词 as或than来引导，这种从句常采用省略句的句型，如：He worked as fast