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1、Revise the Infinitive,Grammar,前情回顾,主，宾，表，定,状，补，表，定,主，宾，表，定，状，补,Do you believe I can fly like a bird?,How can you believe I can fly like a bird?,_is to believe. Its impossible for humans _now.,To see,to fly like a bird,Marty says,2. I used to climb trees, swim and play football.,3. Then I started to
2、get weaker and weaker.,Have A L k,Unfortunately, the doctors dont know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.,4. Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds.,5. Sometimes, too, I was too
3、 weak to go to school so my education suffered.,6. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.,Have A L k,Marty says,Have A L k,Marty says,7. Last year I inventedand a big company has decided to buy it from me.,8. I also have to do a lot of work, especially if I
4、 have been away for a while.,9. Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.,不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语、定语和补语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“哦of/for+名词或代词宾格”构成。,不定式,It is nice _
5、you to say so.It is necessary _ you to go there immediately.思考：什么时候用of, 什么时候用for?,of,for,动词不定式的作用 Functions of Infinitive,1 主语 (subject) 2 表语 (predicative) 3 宾语 (object) 4 宾补 (object complement) 5 定语 (attribute) 6 状语 (adverbial) 7. 独立结构 (absolute construction),1 不定式作主语 (subject),To keep smiling is h
6、ealthy for you.Its important to look up the new words in the dictionary when you study English.,单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置。,My job_to protect the world.Your task is to _(学好英语) .,is,2 不定式作表语 (predicative),learn English well,Seeing is to believe. To see is believing. Seeing is believing
7、. To see is to believe.,不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语。,All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly.,如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do, 用作表语的不定式可省略to。,Yao Ming likes to play basketball.I find it still necessary (for him) to _ if he wants to win.,3 不定式作宾语 (object),句型：think/ consider/ find it + a
8、dj.+ to do,practise,常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, afford, appear, ask, attempt,care, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, hate, hesitate, hope, hurry, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, threaten,want, wish。（特别注意红体字）,4 不定式
9、作宾补 (object complement),My mum asks me to play the piano two hours every day.,The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.,引导不定式作宾补的动词：,warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等,+sb to do sth,listen to,hear,watch,五看,see,look at,observe,notice,三使,let,make,have,二听,一感觉:,fee
10、l,+ sb do sth（不带to）,1. They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.,但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：,Mother made John wash the car for a week.,John was made to wash the car for a week.,不定式做宾补时不带to的情况,1 不定式在感官动词(feel, hear, listen to, watch, look at, notice, obser
11、ve)后；,2 使役动词 ( let, have, make)后边作宾补时, 省去to, 但是在被动语态中要还原to；,3 不定式用在介词but后时, 如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式, 那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to。,1. She could do nothing but cry.2. I have no choice but to go.,5 不定式作定语 (attribute),Kate is looking for a suitable coat to wear.Tom has a nice pen to write with.,1. 不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词
12、或代词之后 (a) She was very busy and had no time to visit her friends. (b) Ladies and gentlemen, I have something important to tell you.,不定式作定语,不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：,I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。 We all have a chance to go to college.我们都有上大学的机会。,(1) 动宾关系,(2)主
13、谓关系,(3)同位关系,2. 当名词被the first ,the last, the only 等词以及形容词最高级修饰时 eg: She is always the first to come and the last to leave.,3. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。,注意比较：,1) Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？2) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？,（不定式to send的动作执行者是y
14、ou）,（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me 或someone else）,4. 如果不定式是不及物动词, 则后面需适 当的介词。 Please pass me some paper to write_.,on,3. 也可用在have to do和there be 句型中。,There is no one to take care of her. I have no jewelry to wear.,I got up early to _.You came here to_.,in order to, so as to,enough to,only to, too.to,c
15、atch the train,6 不定式作状语 (adverbial),在一些短语中也有体现,eg: He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.,1. 表示目的: to in order to so as to,6 不定式作状语 (adverbial),2. 表示原因: 不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed等。,eg: Im gl
16、ad/pleased to see you. We were surprised to hear the news.,so + adj. / adv. + as to dosuch + adj. + n. +as to doadj. / adv.+ enough + to dotoo + adv. / adj. +to do,He was so foolish as to believe it. = He was such a fool as to believe it. = He was foolish enough to believe it.,3. 结果状语:,To tell the t
17、ruth, I am not happy at the moment.,to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth,7 独立结构 (absolute construction),1. It is good to help others. 2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. 3. My ambition is to work in the computer
18、industry when I grow up.,Identify its function.,(subject),(subject),(predicative),4. I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 5. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. 6. A big company has decided to buy it from me. 7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for wh
19、o I am.,(attribute),(attribute),(object),(object),8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. 9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed. 10. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people.,(adverbial),(adverbial),(object complement),动词不定式的时态和语态,to do,to ha
20、ve done,to be doing,to have been doing,to be done,to have beendone,(1) They pretended not to see us.,(2) He pretended to be sleeping.,(3) She pretended to have known it before.,(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后。),(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行。),(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。),(4) Were happy to have been working with you.,(完成进
21、行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续。),不定式的时态,不定式的一般式 to do I am glad to see you. He has decided to give her some money. 表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作 或状态同时或者几乎同时发生，或是 在它之后发生。,不定式的进行式to be doing,I am very glad to be working with you.He pretended to be working hardwhen his boss passed him.表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。,不定式的
22、完成式 to have done,He happened to have seen the film before. The novel is believed to have been translated into Chinese.不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作或状态之前。,He wanted to have met you at the airport, but he didnt get there in time.表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划hoped, promised, wanted, wished, expected, planned,不定式的完成式 to have done
23、,He would like to have played theviolin at the concert.不定式的完成式在would like后边表示未能实现的愿望。,不定式的语态,主动语态 to do 被动语态 to be doneIt is an honor for me to be invited to attend the meeting.Everyone likes the hero to be praised.,省略to 与省略do,We asked him to stay till the nextday, but he refused to.Are you a teache
24、r? Yes, and I haveto be.What we want to do now is lie downand have a good rest.I didnt say anything but to make a gesture.,固定词组和句型,1. prefer n. (doing) to n. (doing)2. prefer to do sth rather than do sth3. would rather do4. would rather +句子（虚拟语气）5. advise/allow/permit/forbid sb to do advise/allow/pe
25、rmit/forbid) doing,几对易混淆的词组：stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 doing sth.停止做某事forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 doing sth.忘记已做了某事,remember to do sth.记得去做某事 doing sth.记得曾经做某事,The question is very difficult to answer. The problem is difficult to deal with.,1. 主语be +adj. +to do,能用于此句型的形容词有: difficult, easy, comfortable, fi
26、t, hard, pleasant, interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, important, tiresome(使人疲劳的), etc.,主动形式表被动意义的不定式,The box is light enough to carry.The river water is warm enough to swim in.,2. 主语+be +adj. + enough +to do,The books seemed too heavy to carry. The ice is too thin to skate on.,3. 主语+be +too
27、 +adj. +to do,练习,1. Last summer I took a course on_. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made,2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects3. There are five pairs_, b
28、ut I am at a loss which to buy. A to be chosen B to choose from C to choose D for choosing,4. I find these problems are easy_. A. to be worked out B. to work them out C. to work out D. to be worked them out5. _late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D . Having
29、 slept,6. I would love _to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone7. John was made _the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing,8. Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job.
30、A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to9. The patient was warned _oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating,1 爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2 据说他已经完成了他的工作。He is said _.3 根据报道他们已安全到达。They are reported _.,To love and to be l
31、oved,to have finished/completed,his work,翻译下面的句子,to have arrived safely,4 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。I want this bike _.5 玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。Mary seemed _.6 众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚 金牌。He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympics.,to be repaired at once,to have been told about it,to have been given,/immediately,I want to tell y
32、ou something.,Make up a short passage using the infinitive as much as possible. The beginning of the passage is given below.,For example,Hi, I want to tell you something. I will goto Ruian for shopping this afternoon. Do you want to go with me? First, Id like to go to Kaitai Store. But to be frank,
33、most of time I am there only to do some window shopping, because everything is expensive. Then, I plan to go to HongQiao,Road to buy some clothes. I like to try the new fashion style of this season. By the way, do you know anything to entertain us?If so, I cant wait to have a try! Why not come and join me?,Thank you!,