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1、【初二英语】人教版新目标英语八年级上下册知识要点（共23页）人教版新目标英语八年级上册知识要点 Unit 1 How often do you exercise? 重点语法:频率副词 询问别人做某事的频繁程度 提问用 How often 引导特殊疑问句 回答用 always, sometimes, twice a day 等频率副词。 例句:A: How often do you watch TV?(你多长时间看一次电视,) B: I watch TV every day.(我每天都看电视。) A: Whats your favorite program?(你最喜欢的节目是什么,) B: It
2、s Animal World.(是动物世界。) A: How often do you watch it?(你多长时间看一次这个节目,) 主要频率副词的等级排序: always(总是) usually (通常) often(经常) sometimes(有时) hardly ever(很少) never(从不) 隔一段时间做某事数次用 数词 + 时间间隔 的结构构成。如: once a week 一周一次(“一次”用特殊词 once) twice a day 一天两次(“两次”用特殊词 twice) three times a month 一个月三次(三次或三次以上用 基数词 + times 的
3、结构构成) four times a year 一年四次 重点短语:how often 多久一次 as for 至于;关于 how many 多少(针对可数名词) how much 多少(针对不可数名词) of course = sure 当然;确信 look after = take care of = care for 照顾;照看 a lot of = lots of = plenty of 许多;大量 every day 每一天 every night 每晚 hardly ever 几乎不 be good for 对有益 be good for ones health 有益健康 try
4、to do sth. 尝试做某事 get good grades 取得好成绩 help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 kind of 有点 want sb. to do sth. 想要(某人)做某事 keep in good health 保持健康 No two men think alike. 人心各异。 Unit 2 Whats the matter? 重点语法:询问别人如何感觉 了解人体器官和部位的英文名称 了解一些常见病的英文名称 告诉别人应该怎样做和不应该怎样做 例句:A: Whats the matter?(怎么了,) B: Im not feeling well.
5、(我感觉不舒服。)I have a cold.(我感冒了。) A: When did it start?(什么时候开始的,) B: About two days ago.(大约两天前开始的。) A: Oh, thats too bad.(哦，这很糟糕。)You should lie down and rest.(你应该躺下休息。) B: Yes, I think so.(是的，我是这么认为的。) A: I hope you feel better soon.(祝你早日康复。) 重点短语: have a cold 患感冒 shouldnt = should not be stressed out
6、 紧张的;有压力的 a few 有些;几个(针对可数名词) a little bit 有些;几个(针对不可数名词) at the moment 此刻;现在 Whats the matter? = Whats wrong? = Whats the problem? 怎么了, lie down and rest 躺下休息 see a doctor 看病 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 listen to 听 for example 举个例子 be good for 对有益 its + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 做某事(对某人来说)(加形容词) get ti
7、red 感到疲倦 stay healthy 保持健康 give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人 need to do sth. 需要做某事 Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation? 重点语法:用现在进行时态表示一般将来时态 强调某个动作已经计划好即将按照计划去执行 例句:A: What are you doing for vacation, Lin Hui?(林辉，放假准备干什么呢,) B: Im going to Tibet for a week.(我要去西藏旅游一周。) A: That sounds interes
8、ting!(这听起来很有趣。)What are you doing there?(你去那里准备干些什么事,) B: Im going hiking in the mountains.(我准备上山徒步旅行。)How about you, Tony?(你呢，托尼,)What are you doing for vacation?(你放假准备干些什么呢,) A: Im visiting my friend in Hong Kong.(我要去拜访我在香港的朋友。) B: Oh yeah?(是吗,)How long are you staying?(你要去多久啊,) A: Just for four d
9、ays.(只去四天。)I dont like going away for too long.(我不想远走太长时间。) B: Well, have a good time!(祝你旅途愉快)Send me a postcard from Hong Kong!(记得从香港寄一张明信片回来) A: Sure. Show me your photos when we get back to school.(当然。当我们再回学校的时候，再看看你的照片。) 重点短语:how long 多久 get back = come back 回来 take a vacation = have a vacation
10、去度假 a lot = very much 很;非常 be going to do sth. 将要去做某事 sound + adj. 听起来(加形容词) sound like + n. 听起来像(加名词) have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 把某物给某人看 want to do sth. = would like to do sth. 想要做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 spend sometime in doing sth. 花时间做某事 nee
11、d to do sth. 需要做某事 ask sb. about sth. 询问某人某方面的事情 go shopping 去购物 leave for 离开去某地 Unit 4 How do you get to school? 重点语法:询问别人做某事的方式 用 How 引导特殊疑问句 其回答有多种方式，其中一种结构是 by doing sth. 或 by sth. 的结构。 询问两地的距离用 how far 引导特殊疑问句 回答用 be + (distance) + away + from 的结构。 例句:A: How do you get to school?(你如何去上学,) B: I
12、take the subway.(我乘地铁去上学。) A: How far is it from your home to school?(从家到学校多远,) B: Its three miles.(有三英里远。) A: How long does it take you to get from home to school?(从家到学校需要花多长时间,) B: It takes 25 minutes.(要花 25 分钟。) 重点短语:by bus = take the bus 乘公共汽车 how far 多远 depend on 依赖于 by boat = take the boat 乘船
13、look at 看 by train = take the train 乘火车 by bike = ride ones bike 骑车 by subway =take the subway 乘地铁 by plane = take the plane 乘飞机 on foot 走路 get up 起床 have breakfast 吃早饭 leave for somewhere 离开去某地 take sb. to somewhere 带某人去某地 half an hour = thirty minutes 半小时(三十分钟) around the world = all over the worl
14、d 全世界 get to school 到学校 think of 认为 on weekend 在周末 Unit 5 Can you come to my party? 重点语法:询问并请求某人做某事 例句:A: Hey, Dave.(你好，戴夫。)Can you go to the movies on Saturday?(周六你能去看电影吗,) B: Im sorry, I cant.(对不起，我不能去。)I have too much homework this weekend.(这个周 末我有太多作业要做。) A: Thats too bad.(这太糟了。)Maybe another ti
15、me.(只好等下一次了。) B: Sure, Joe.(当然，乔。)Thanks for asking.(谢谢你的邀请。) 重点短语:the day after tomorrow 后天 the day before yesterday 前天 come over 来访 study for a test 复习迎考 go to the doctor = see the doctor 看病 have to 不得不;必须(强调客观上) must 不得不;必须(强调主观上) help sb. with sth. = help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 too much + n. 太多(
16、针对不可数名词) too many + n. 太多(针对可数名词) much too + adj. 太(加形容词) go to the movies 看电影 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 thanks for doing sth. 为(做)某事而感谢 go to the dentist 看牙医 be going to do sth. 将要做某事(该事已计划好) will do sth. 将要做某事(该事尚未计划) keep quiet 保持安静 Unit 6 Im more outgoing than my sister. 重点语法:在两件或多件事物中进行比较 使用形容词
17、的比较级和最高级 通常形容词的比较级是在形容词后加 -er(以e结尾的单词直接加r，闭音节辅音字母结尾双写辅音字母加-er)的结构构成，最高级是在形容词前加 the ，形容词后加 -est(以e结尾的单词直接加st，闭音节辅音字母结尾双写辅音字母加-est)的结构构成。(eg/ big ? bigger ? the biggest 形容词 big 的原级、比较级和最高级;small ? smaller ? the smallest 形容词 small 的原级、比较级和最高级) 当一个单词有3个或以上音节时，其比较级是在形容词前加 more 的结构，其最高级是在形容词前加 the most 的结
18、构构成。(eg/ expensive ? more expensive ? the most expensive 形容词 expensive 的原级、比较级和最高级;outgoing ? more outgoing ? the most outgoing 形容词 outgoing 的原级、比较级和最高级) 例句:A: Lin Ping is my friend. (Lin Ping 是我的朋友。)Shes a little more outgoing than me.(她比我性格要活泼开朗一些。) B: My friend is the same as me.(我的朋友跟我一样。)We are
19、 both quiet.(我们都很静。) A: Do you look the same?(你们长相相像吗,) B: No, Im a little taller than her.(不，我比她高一点。) 重点短语:more than 超出 in common 共同的 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 most of 大多数 in some ways 在某些方面 the same as 与一样 make sb. + adj. 让某人(感觉)(加形容词) stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停止当前做的事去做另一件事 begi
20、n with 以开始 each other 互相 enjoy oneself = have fun = have a good time 玩得高兴 spend sometime in doing sth. = spend sometime on sth. 花时间做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 on a farm 在农场Unit 7 How do you make a banana milk shake? 重点语法:描述一个过程 服从别人的指令 询问做某事的过程用 how 引导特殊疑问句 分步回答用 first(首先), next(接着), then(然后), finally
21、(最后) 等时间副词引导从句。 例句:A: How do you make fruit salad?(如何做水果沙拉,) B: First cut up three bananas, three apples and a watermelon.(首先切三个香蕉、三个苹果和一个西瓜。)Next put the fruit in a bowl.(接下来把水果放到一个碗里。)Then put in two teaspoons of honey and a cup of yogurt.(然后放入两勺蜂蜜和一杯酸奶。) Finally mix it all up.(最后将它们放在一起搅拌。) 重点短语:
22、turn on 打开(电器)闭合开关 turn off 关闭(电器)断开开关 cut up 切碎 mix up 混合 add . to . 把加到上 pour . into . 把浇到里面 put . in . 把放到里面 put . on . 把放到上面 a cup of 一杯 a teaspoon of 一勺 Unit 8 How was your school trip? 重点语法:一般过去时态 结构:主语 + 谓语动词的过去式 + 宾语 谈论过去发生的事情用一般过去时态 do/does 的一般过去时态形式:did 例句:Last week I visited my aunts hous
23、e.(上个星期我去我姑姑家玩了。)She lives in California.(她住在加利福尼亚州。)The weather was beautiful.(那儿的天气很好。)I went swimming.(我去游泳了。) 重点短语:hang out 闲逛 sleep late 睡过头 take photos = take pictures 照相 have a great time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高兴 at the end of 在的尽头 the class monitor 班长 a day off 一整天 go for a drive 开车兜风
24、 have fun doing sth. 做某事很愉快 a bowl of 一碗 help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 一些不规则动词的原形和过去式:hang ? hung buy ? bought sleep ? slept read/ri:d/ ? read/red/ Unit 9 When was he born? 重点语法:一般过去时态 谈论著名人物 A: How long did Charles Smith hiccup?(查理斯?史密斯打嗝了多长时间,) 例句:B: He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.(他打嗝了 69 年
25、零 5 个月。) A: When did he start hiccupping?(他什么时候开始打嗝的,) B: He started in 1922.(他从 1922 年就开始打嗝了。) A: When did he stop hiccupping?(他什么时候停止打嗝的,) B: He stopped in 1990.(他到 1990 年才停止打嗝。) 重点短语:too . to . 太以致不能 take part in = join 参加 because of 因为 major in 主修;专研 start doing sth. 开始做某事(该事已计划好) start to do st
26、h. 开始做某事(该事尚未计划) spend sometime with sb. 花时间和某人在一起 spend sometime in doing sth. = spend sometime on sth. 花时间做某事 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事(强调全局) see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事(强调偶然性) Unit 10 Im going to be a basketball player. 重点语法:一般将来时态 do/does 的两种一般将来时态形式:will do;be going to do 两种形式的区别:will do 强调事情尚未计划好
27、而即将做 be going to do 强调事情已计划好并将按照计划来做 本单元重点强调 be going to do 的形式。 例句:A: What are you going to do next year?(明年你准备干些什么,) B: Well, Im going to take guitar lessons.(我明年要上吉他音乐课。)I really love music.(我很喜欢音乐。) A: Sounds interesting.(听起来很有趣。)Im going to learn a foreign language.(我明年要学一门外语。) 重点短语:grow up 成长;
28、长大 at the same time 同时 all over 遍及 all over the world = around the world 全世界 be going to do sth. 将要做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 study hard 努力学习 take lessons 上课 sound + adj. 听起来(加形容词) sound like + n. 听起来像(加名词) save money 存钱 buy sb. sth. = by sth. for sb. 给某人买某物 buy sth. with the money 用钱买某物 write ar
29、ticles 写文章 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 get good grades 取得好成绩 play sports 运动 keep fit 保持健康 write to sb. 给某人写信 enjoy doing sth. 享受做某事 Unit 11 Could you please clean your room? 重点语法:委婉请求别人做某事 引导词用 can, shall, will 等情态动词的过去时态 例句:A: Could I please use your computer?(我能用一下你的电脑吗,) B: Sorry. Im going to work on
30、it now.(对不起，我正在忙着用电脑。) A: Well, could I watch TV?(那么，我能看电视吗,) B: Yes, you can.(是，你可以看电视。)But you have to clean your room.(但是是在你打扫完房间之后。) 重点短语:do the dishes = wash the dishes 洗碗 take out 取出 make ones bed 整理床铺 work on 从事;忙于 do chores = do housework 干家务 do the laundry = wash the clothes 洗衣服 take care o
31、f = care for = look after 照看;照顾 sweep the floor 扫地 fold ones clothes 叠衣服 go to the movies 看电影 get a ride 骑车 go to a meeting 开会 hate (to do/doing) sth. 讨厌做某事 like (to do/doing) sth. 喜欢做某事 invite sb. to somewhere 邀请某人去某地 go to the store = go shopping 购物 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(该事尚未做) forget doing sth.
32、 忘记做某事(该事已做过) give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 买某物给某人 on vacation 度假 Unit 12 Whats the best radio station? 重点语法:在各事物间进行比较 用形容词的原形、比较级和最高级 A: Hello! Im a reporter.(你好，我是记者。)Can I ask you some questions?(我能问你一些例句:问题吗,) B: Sure.(当然可以。) A: Whats the best clothing s
33、tore in town?(城里最好的服装店是哪一家,) B: I think Jasons is the best.(我认为杰森服装店是最好的。) A: Why do you think so?(为什么这样认为呢,) B: Jasons has the best quality clothes.(杰森服装店有质量最好的服装。) 重点短语:close to = near 靠近;接近 inexpensive = cheap 便宜的 clothing store 服装店 radio station 广播站 talent show 业余歌手演唱会 it is adj. for sb. to do s
34、th. 做某事(对某人来说)感觉(加形容词) cut the price 打折 not . at all = not . in the slightest 一点也不 in fact 实际上 pay for 为而付款 sth. cost sb. (money) 某人花钱买了某物 good/well ? better ? the best 形容词 good /副词 well 的原级、比较级和最高级 bad/badly ? worse ? the worst 形容词 bad /副词 badly 的原级、比较级和最高级 Unit 1 Will people have robots? 重点语法:一般将来
35、时态的应用 do/does 的一般将来时态形式:(shall/will) do do/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态:(shall/will) be done 一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式: 肯定句例句:People will have robots in a few years. 否定句例句:People (will not/wont) have robots in a few years. 一般疑问句例句:Will people have robots in a few years? 特殊疑问句例句:What will people have in a few years?
36、 重点短语:wont = will not theyll = they will shell = she will hell = he will Ill = I will fall in love with(sb./sth.) 爱上(某人/某物) be able to do sth. 能够做某事 come true 实现 in the future 未来 hundreds of 数以百计的 thousands of 数以千计的 look for(sb./sth.) 寻找(某人/某物) will ? would 情态动词 will 的原形和过去式 may ? might 情态动词 may 的原形
37、和过去式 Reading Strategy(阅读方法) Look at the title and picture, and predict what you will read about. (看着标题和图片，预知你要阅读那些方面的内容。)This helps you get ready to acquire new information. (这样可以帮助你获得一些新的信息。) Unit 2 What should I do? 重点语法:过去将来时态(将来时态的委婉说法) do/does 的过去将来时态形式:(should/would) do do/does 的过去将来时态的被动语态:(s
38、hould/would) be done 过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式: 肯定句例句:You should write a letter to him. 否定句例句:You shouldnt write a letter to him. 一般疑问句例句:Should I write a letter to him? 特殊疑问句例句:What should I do? 重点短语:keep sb. out 不让某人进入 Whats wrong? = Whats the matter? = Whats the problem? 怎么了, out of style 不时髦的;过时的 cal
39、l sb. up 给某人打电话 pay for sth. 为某事付款 part-time job 兼职工作 the same as = be same (to/with) 与同样 in style 时髦的;流行的 get on well with sb. = get along well with sb. 与某人相处(好) didnt = did not couldnt = could not as . as possible 尽可能(eg/ as soon as possible 尽快) all kinds of 各种;许多 on the one hand 一方面 on the other
40、hand 另一方面 ask sb. for sth. = ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 ask sb. not to do sth. 请求某人不要做某事 spend (money) on sth. = spend (money) in doing sth. 花钱做某事 sth. cost sb. (money) 某人花钱为了某事 take sb. sometime to do sth. 花某人时间做某事 find out 查明 find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事 be angry with sb. 生某人的气 be angry at sth. 生某事
41、的气 the same age as = as old as 与某人年龄一样 have fight with sb. 与某人打架 learn to do sth. 学会做某事 not . until . 直到才 compare sth.(A) with sth.(B) 把某事(A)与某事(B)作比较 its time for sth. = its time to do sth. 到该做某事的时间了 maybe adv. 或许 may be (情态动词 + 动词原形)可能是 shall ? should 情态动词 shall 的原形和过去式 pay ? paid ? paid 动词 pay 的原
42、形、过去式和过去分词 Reading Strategy(阅读方法) You will learn to use new words better if you use a learners dictionary. (时刻学着应用新单词来学习比时刻使用字典这种途径方法更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want. (在某些你需要的场合下，一本双语字典有时会给你错误的解释。) Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived
43、? 重点语法:过去进行时态 do/does 的过去进行时态形式:(was/were) doing do/does 的过去进行时态的被动语态:(was/were) being done 过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式: 肯定句例句:I was walking down the street when a UFO landed. 否定句例句:I wasnt walking down the street when a UFO landed. 一般疑问句例句:Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed? 特殊疑问句例句:What w
44、ere you doing when a UFO landed? 动词 when 和 while 的选择:when 后加瞬间动词，while 后加延续性动词。 例句:The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed. =While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed. 感叹句 结构:(1) How + adj. + the + 主语 + 谓语动词 =(2) What + (a/an) + adj. + n. + 主语 + 谓语动词 例句:What a beautif
45、ul flower it is! =How beautiful the flower is! What beautiful flowers they are! =How beautiful the flowers are! 重点短语:get out 出去;离开 take off 起飞 run away 逃跑;跑掉 come in 进来 hear about = hear of 听说 take place 发生 as . as 像一样(eg/ as old as him 像他一样老) anywhere = everywhere = here and there 任何地方 think about
46、考虑 think of 认为 get up = get out of the bed 起床 at the doctors 在诊所 every day 每一天 everyday adj. 日常的 most adj. 大部分 the most 最多的 in space 在太空中 national hero 民族英雄 all over the world = in the world 全世界 Reading Strategy(阅读方法) The title can be helpful for you to understand a text. (一篇文章的标题可以帮助你理解整篇文章。)Its also a good idea to read the first sentence of each paragraph before you read. (在阅读整篇文章之前，阅读每段的第一句话也是一个很有效的方法。) Unit 4 He said I was hard-working. 重点语法:宾语从句 结构:主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句