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1、人教版八年级语文下册第四单元测试题及答案高中语文第一册检测试题 说明:如果你想让学生考个好成绩就不要用这套题;如果你是想看看学生的真实水平，你就试试。我这里的学生参考人数450，80分以上者不足10人，70分以上者不足90人，不及格者80多人。 一、 (39分，每小题3分) 1、下面加点字注音全部正确的一项是:( ) A. 寥廓(lio ku) 逶迤(wi y) 峥嵘(zhng rng) 磅礴(bng b) B. 彷徨(png hung) 彳于(ch ch) 惆怅(chu chng) 忸怩(ni n) C .遒劲(qi) 漫溯 (sh) 颓圮(p) 揩油(ki) D. 浸渍(z) 桀骜(ji
2、) 谄媚(xin) 迥异(jing) 2. 下面词组字形错误有两处的是:( ) A( 莅临 谦逊 酣畅 祷告 尸骸 B( 窒息 步履 憔悴 嘻笑 云霄 C( 通谍 喋血 碟片 蝴蝶 牒报 D( 编缉 通辑 作楫 舟揖 修葺 3.下列各句中加点的成语，使用恰当的一句是( ) A.许多农民巧妙地将服装厂剪裁后废弃的“下脚料”做成帘子，当作蔬菜大棚的“棉被“，这真是一念之差，变废为宝。 B.王大伯十分喜爱小动物，只要见到流浪的小猫小狗，他都要想办法把它们喂饱，有的人对此感到不解，他却乐此不疲。 C.文艺演出现场，身着盛装的表演者光着脚、微笑着，一边跳着傣族舞，一边向人们泼水致意，在场群众纷纷拍手称快
3、。 D.厂长动情地说:“为了扭转目前的不利局面，我们将采用一种新的对策，希望大家共同努力，功败垂成，在此一举” 4.下列各句中，没有语病的一句是( ) A(在未来的发展中，中国人保将在稳步发展核心主业的同时，积极进入相关的领域，人保投资管理有限公司可成为重要的资本运作平台。 B(什么样的大学生，用人单位最受欢迎呢,调查结果表明:个人综合素质高，沟通能力强，有敬业精神的大学生更容易得到用人单位的青睐。 C(中央电视台“感动中国2009年年度人物”评选继续通过网络投票或邮寄，在候选人当中，推选出观众心目中的2009年“感动中国”的代表人物。 D(为肯定华人对美国的贡献，十二生肖邮票珍藏版今年初在美
4、国出版发生，这一举措引起了美国社会的热烈反响，成为美国邮票史上发行最成功的邮票之一。 5. 下面对文学常识的表述不正确的一项是:( ) A. 狄更斯是享有世界声誉的英国小说家。他的小说大卫-科波菲尔是一部“半自传体”的小说。他的代表作还有艰难时世双城记远大前程等。 B. 史记是我国第一部纪传体通史。它开创了中国纪传体先河，包括本纪、世家、列传、书、表。其中本纪记帝王，列传述诸侯，世家叙人臣，书记礼乐、音律、历法、天文、封禅、水利、财用。 C. 汉字经历了甲骨文、金文、大篆、小篆、隶书、草书、行书、草书、楷书等几个阶段;在构成上有所谓“六书”之说，它们分别是象形、指事、会意、形声、假借和转注。
5、D. 新闻又叫消息，是对新近发生的有社会意义并引起公众兴趣的事实的简短报道。它要求准确、及时;其结构一般包括:标题、导语、主体、背景、结语五个部分。 6. 下面是陈毅写给鲁迅的一副挽联，排序正确的一项是: ?一生最恨帮闲 ?不愧思想权威 ?要打叭儿落水狗 ?莫作空头文学家?懂得进退攻守 ?敢于嬉笑怒骂 ?岂仅文坛闯将 ?临死也不宽恕 A(? B. ? C(? D. ? 7.下列句子中没有古今异义词的一项是:( ) A. 行李之往来，供其乏困。 B. 樊将军以穷困来归丹。 C.备他盗之出入与非常也 D.旦日从百余骑来见项王 8.下列句子中划线虚词的意义和用法相同的一项是:( ) A. 丹不忍以己
6、之私 今闻购将军之首 B. 今行而无信 秦王必喜而善见臣 C.樊於期乃前曰 乃今得闻教 D. 樊将军以穷困来归丹 愿得将军之首以献秦王 9.下列句子中不是被动句的是:( ) A.燕国见陵之耻除矣 B.父母宗族，皆为戮没 C.若属皆且为所虏 D.为击破沛公军 10.下列句子中没有使动用法的是:( ) A.项伯杀人，臣活之 B.使使以闻大王 C.越国以鄙远，君知其难也 D.若亡郑而有益于君，敢以范执事 二(阅读下面的文言文，完成1115题。 魏其侯窦婴者，孝文后从兄子也。父世观津人。喜宾客。孝文时，婴为吴相，病免。孝景初即位，为詹事。 梁孝王者，孝景帝弟也，其母窦太后爱之。梁孝王朝，因昆弟燕饮。是
7、时上未立太子，酒酣，从容言曰:“千秋之后传梁王。”太后欢。窦婴引卮酒进上，曰:“天下者，高祖天下，父子相传，此汉之约也，上何以得擅传梁王”太后由此憎窦婴。窦婴亦薄其官，因病免。太后除窦婴门籍，不得入朝请。 孝景三年，吴楚反，上察宗室诸窦毋如窦婴贤，乃召婴。婴入见，固辞谢病不足任。于是上曰:“天下方有急，王孙(窦婴的别名)宁可以让邪”乃拜婴为大将军，赐金千斤。婴乃言袁盎、栾布诸名将贤士在家者进之。所赐金，陈之廊庑下，军吏过，辄令财取为用，金无入家者。窦婴守荥阳，监齐、赵兵。七国兵已尽破，封婴为魏其侯。诸游士宾客争归魏其侯。孝景时，每朝议大事，条侯、魏其侯诸列侯莫敢与亢礼。(史记魏其武安侯列传有删
8、节) 11(下列句中加点的词的解释，不正确的一项是( ) A(太后除窦婴门籍。 除:取消。 B(婴入见，固辞谢病不足任。 谢:道歉。 C(父子相传，此汉之约也。 约:制度。 D(诸列侯莫敢与亢礼。亢:通“抗”，对等。 12(下述事例全部都能表现魏其侯贤良、正直、廉洁特点的一项是( ) ?窦婴引卮酒进上，曰:“天下者，高祖天下，父子相传，此汉之约也，上何以得擅传梁王” ?婴入见，固辞谢病不足任。 ?乃拜婴为大将军，赐金千斤 ?婴乃言袁盎、栾布诸名将贤士在家者进之。 ?所赐金，陈之廊庑下，军吏过，辄令财取为用，金无入家者。 ?诸游士宾客争归魏其侯。 A(? B(? C(? D. ? 13(下列对原
9、文有关内容的叙述和分析，不正确的一项是( ) A(窦婴因为坚决反对梁孝王为帝而得罪窦太后，因此遭到窦太后冷遇，窦婴也嫌官位小，便称病辞职。 B(窦婴正直而有才能，被皇帝认为是刘姓宗室和窦姓家族中才能出众者，在关系国家命运的关键时刻，被委以重任，他也确实不辱使命，做出了成绩，因而被封侯。 C(因为窦婴平定七国之乱有功后被封为魏其侯，所以“诸游士宾客”才争相归附到他的门下，可见这些人都是势力之徒。 D(汉景帝时，窦婴的声誉很高，每当朝廷商议大事，别的大臣都不敢和他与条侯周亚夫平起平坐。 三、翻译句子。(11分) 14.天下者，高祖天下，父子相传，此汉之约也，上何以得擅传梁王(3分) 译文: 15.
10、上察宗室诸窦毋如窦婴贤，乃召婴。(2分) 译文: 16.越国以鄙远，君知其难也。焉用亡郑以陪邻,(3分) 翻译: 17. 太子及宾客知其事者，皆白衣冠以送之。(3分) 翻译: 。 四、默写。() 18(沁园春 长沙的上下两阙各有一个“领”字，请找出来，并默写出各领起哪些句子: ; 。(6分) 19(真的猛士， ， 。(4分) 20. 惨象， ;流言， 。()我还有什么话要说呢,我懂得衰亡民族之所以默无声息的缘由了。 。 21.工欲善其事， 。 22.岁寒， 。 五、阅读理解。 (一)课内阅读 23.雨巷: 当时黑暗阴沉的社会现实;诗人的追求之路;诗人的人生之路;大意对即可。 丁香一样的姑娘:美
11、好而无法实现的理想。言之成理亦可。 (二)阅读任先青诗歌诗人 领袖完成24题。 你用平平仄仄的枪声， 写诗， 二万五千里长征是最长的一行。 常于马背构思， 便有了战略家的目光。 战地黄花， 如血残阳， 成了最美的意象。 有时潇洒地抽烟， 抬头望断南飞雁， 宽阔的脑际却有大江流淌， 雪山更喜畅想， 神思飞扬起来， 飘成梅花漫天的北国风光。 相信你是最严肃的诗人， 一首气势磅礴的诗， 调动了半个世纪的酝酿。 轻易不吟诵， 天安门城楼上只那一句， 便成了世界的诗眼， 嘹亮了东方 24(这首诗主要使用了哪两种修辞手法,请联系全诗阐述并说明表达作用。 四、阅读下面散文，完成2427小题。(18分) 南方
12、落雨，北方落雪 黑 白 ?南方落雨，北方落雪。 ?雨总是落在秧青色的南方，落在姑苏寒山寺、徽州西递村，落在秦淮河的灯影里、富春江的柔波上。打湿了鱼鳞瓦风火墙草顶屋吊脚楼，打湿了衡山庐山峨眉山雁荡山，打湿了太湖洪湖洞庭湖鄱阳湖，打湿了白娘子的断桥、李煜的雕栏、唐伯虎的桃花、白居易的青衫。梅子黄时雨，黄梅时节家家雨，寒雨连江夜入吴，巴山夜雨涨秋池这是南方的雨啊。在江南三月杏花村一蓑纷飞的细雨中，我们看见严凤英赤脚在青草池塘畔“打猪草”，那清甜婉转的黄梅调让人想起南方故乡的炊烟牧歌与青梅竹马。 ?雪总是落在赭黄色的北方，落在长安马嵬坡、黄河风陵渡，落在乾陵黄土塬下、边关燧火台上。覆盖着平遥老宅草原敖
13、包黄土窑洞四合大院，覆盖着天山阴山昆仑山祁连山，覆盖着渭河黄河塔里木河绥芬河，覆盖着蔡文姬的斗篷、穆桂英的战袍、苏武的额发、成吉思汗的墓草。大雪满弓刀，燕山雪花大如席，雪落黄河静无声，飞雪连天射白鹿这是北方的雪啊。在胡天八月即飞雪的天空下，秦腔总是如狼烟般冲天而起，那是苦难生命的呐喊，如暴风雪般抽打得我的脸与心像刀割一般痛。 ?温暖湿润风调雨顺的气候让南方人民种稻植桑，酿酒水纺丝绸，富足的生活又让南方的才子佳人多如鸳鸯蝴蝶。寒冷干旱让北方多风沙，常常是荒沙千里寸草不生。风不调雨不顺的气候给人类的生存雪上加霜，恶劣的生存条件造就了强硬的民魂。只有狂风才吹得起猎猎大纛，只有苦难才塑得出坚毅筋骨。南
14、方的才子北方的将，一部中华民族史就是北方游牧民族与南方农耕民族纷争与融合的历史。 ?南方落雨北方落雪是地理不同的结果，西高东低的地势造成南北温差。当西伯利亚冷空气横扫中国大陆便使北国千里冰封万里雪飘，南方落红殆尽黄叶萧萧，这便是冬天。立春以后南方沿海的湿润季风以持久的恒心一点一滴地向北方反攻，进入盛夏。但紧接着北方寒流开始频繁活动，一阵阵清凉秋风是它们打入南方的“先遣部队”，紧跟着的是一股又一股无情冷漠的“百万大兵”，不久又将占领南方。 ?北方的风雪中，大豆高梁小麦棉花早已收获;南方的烟雨里，水稻茶叶甘蔗桑叶正在成熟。北方的雪融进黄河里，黄河岸边走着骆驼与牦牛;南方的雨流进长江里，长江岸边腾飞
15、起孔雀与凤凰。北方的黄河像男人，是龙的子孙;南方的长江像女儿，是凤的传人。黄河长江最终在茫茫的大海上热烈拥抱，那一片无垠的蔚蓝色是北方和南方所共同向往的因为，南方北方都在同一片国土之上。 25(第?、?段分别描述了落雨的南方和落雪的北方，请简要归纳这两段从哪几个方面对南北方进行比较，并请据此用最简洁的语言概括南方和北方的特点。(4分) 26(?、?段罗列了不少与历史人物相关的景和物，如“断桥”“桃花”“斗篷”“墓草”等等，却不直接写人物。这样写有什么好处?(5分) 27(第?段写南北气候，寒风暖气来来回回“反攻”“打入”“占领”。联系全文，你认为作者这样写的真实意图是什么?有什么作用?(5分)
16、 28(文章末尾，作者以“黄河长江最终在茫茫的大海上热烈拥抱”作譬，表达了作者什么样的情怀?(4分) 29(下面是3月12日北京某报刊发的一则消息，请用一句话概括其主要信息。(不超过16字) 中共十六大报告提出要“形成全民学习、终身学习的学习型社会，促进人的的全面发展”。昨天，朱永新委员在政协会议讨论时指出:全世界平均每人每年读书最多的民族是犹太人，每人均读书64本;全世界平均每人每年读书最多的国家是前苏联、每人均读书55本;我国平均每人每年读书不足5本。上海市规定，在9年义务教育期间学生读书的文字总量应达到4000万字，也就是要求每人每年读近50本书。因此，我国应该设立国家读书节，来营造全国
17、读书学习的环境。 朱委员指出:9月，新学期伊始;9月，是收获的季节;9月25日是鲁迅先生诞辰纪念日。将这一天设立为读书节，以鼓励全国人都读书，督促学生多读书，是很有意义的。此外，人们在读书的感召下，正好利用接下来的国庆节黄金假期享受读书的乐趣。 30.巡礼高中语文第一册，你从中学到了一些什么,请你以下面句子为参考另写一组句子。要求用自己的语言阐述你对某一单元的看法或你的所学所得。 巡礼高中语文第一册，我们和领袖一起领略了橘子洲头那壮丽的秋色，陪戴望舒走了一遭那悠长又寂寥的雨巷，看着徐志摩眼含热泪告别了母校康桥，听艾青唱了一曲对乳母的深情礼赞;我们学会了欣赏诗歌可以从意象入手进而品味其意境，最后
18、揣摩其感情的一般方法。 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-par
19、ty supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negativ
20、e list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is
21、 the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of
22、the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work la
23、sted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve
24、 the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important sp
25、eech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the
26、 party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of
27、 prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing pr
28、oblems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have b
29、een unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the
30、 party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant re
31、gulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Commi
32、ttee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the
33、 central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulat
34、ions revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Depa
35、rtment The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issu
36、ed a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion.
37、Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of
38、the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations r
39、evision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline
40、 quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party c
41、ompasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for
42、Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining ru
43、le of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in ac
44、cordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vi
45、tal few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low,
46、a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existin
47、g in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight pr