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1、Chapter6 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,Who is writer of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer?,Do you know?,Do you know who he is?,Im Mark Twain. How much do you know about me?,Mark Twain(18351910),Mark Twains House,Do you know any of his works? Can you name any of them?,Life on the Mississippi密西西比河上的生活,His f
2、amous works,Running for Governor竞选州长,The Million Pound Bank Note 百万英镑,The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利弗恩历险记,The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 汤姆索亚历险记,The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,the 4 basic elements（基本要素） of a story:,T_ P_C_P_,（人物，角色）,（情节）,ime,lace,haracter,lot,What are the 4 basic elements (基本要素)
3、of a story?,Skim the whole story and find out the following information:,Character:Time:Place:plot,Tom SawyerPolly-Toms AuntBen RogersBilly FisherJohnny Miller,On Saturday morning,In Pollys yard,Painting the fence,1. This story comes from a book. What is the name of the book?2. What is the name of t
4、he writer? 3. How long and high was the fence?4. What did Tom get that day? 5. What was the name of Toms aunt?,The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.,Mark Twain.,Thirty yards long and three yards high.1yard=91.44cm,One apple, one kite, twelve marbles, and so on.,Polly.,How many paragraphs are there in the te
5、xt?How to divide the text into big parts?,Part 1 (1-2): Toms aunt told him to paint the fence, he was not happy about the work.Part 2 (3-13):Tom tricked other boys into helping him paint the fence.Part 3 (14): Toms aunt was so pleased that she gave Tom a big cake.,1. except a. including c. not inclu
6、ding b. as well as 2. fence a. a wall made of wood b. a door made of wood c. a frame made of wood,a. Find these words and phrases in the story on page 73 and choose the best meanings for them.,Find the meanings,3. come along a. come alone b. appear c. come from one end to the other4. make fun of a.
7、tell him some jokes b. sing songs with him c. laugh at him,5. went on a. continued c. gave up b. stopped 6. marbles a. little coins b. small sweets c. small glass balls,7. passed by a. went past b. went across C. went through8. gained a. lost b. got c. paid,begged joy passed by heart,b. Complete the
8、 diary entry below with the words and phrases in the box.,5 June, Friday This morning, I was walking down the stairs at the underground station. I saw a very old woman sit on the ground. She (1)_ everyone for money when they (2) _.,begged,passed by,I stood and watched for a short while. Most people
9、did not even look at her. I felt sad to see her sitting there like that, so I gave her ￥5. She was really pleased. I could see the (3)_ in her eyes. She said I had a kind (4)_.,heart,joy,a. Read the story again and choose the best answers to complete these sentences.,1. We can tell from the second p
10、aragraph that Tom did not like _. a. hard work b. painting pictures,Read and think,2. The boys who were free means boys who_. a. were not in prison at that time b. did not have to do any work3. Toms wonderful idea was to _. a. work as quickly as possible b. trick other boys into doing the work,4. He
11、 gave Ben his brush with worry on his face because _. a. he was trying to fool Ben b. he did not want Ben to paint the fence badly 5. We can tell from the last paragraph that Tom _. a. told Aunt Polly that other boys helped him b. did not tell the truth,6. We can tell from the story that Tom _. a. i
12、s an honest boy b. is a clever boy,b. Find these sentences in the story and tell what the words in italics refer to.,1. It was thirty yards long and three yards high!,The fence,2. I dont think that this is work.,Painting the fence,3. Ben thought about this.,4. Ill give you all of it.,Toms words,Bens
13、 apple,Language points,1. paint vt. 1) 给上油漆; 涂以颜色 The door was painted blue. 把门漆成了蓝色。 2) 画, 绘画 The boy is painting a cat. 那个男孩在画一只猫。,-What are they doing?-They are painting the fence red.-How long is the fence?-Its about eight yards long.(Its a eight-yard-long fence.),2. beg vt. beggar 乞丐 beg for st
14、h1) 请求, 恳求 She begged him to remain at home. 她恳求他呆在家里。 2) 乞讨 From whom did he beg this money? 他向谁讨到这钱的?,-What does he do?-He is a beggar. He is begging for money.-What do you think of beggars?-I dont like them. They try to gain money without efforts(努力，汗水）.,beg-begged-begged 乞求；请求 beggar n.乞丐 beg fo
15、r sth. gain=get; obtain获得;赚得,3. gain vt. 获得, 赢得 = get Gain time, gain life. 赢得时间，赢得生命。 He gained fame after his great success. 成功后他拥有了荣誉。,3. come along = show up=appear 出现 You should be ready to solve any problem that may come along. 你应该随时准备解决可能出现的问题。 come along 一起来 He came along with us. 他和我们一起来的。,
16、4. make fun of sb= laugh at sb 取笑 They made fun of his funny voice. 他们取笑他的怪嗓音。 Please dont laugh at him. 请不要嘲笑他。,6. measure v.测量 n.措施；方法 take measures采取措施 The seller is measuring the length of the customers trousers.,失业人士 the umemployed,政府已答应采取措施来帮助失业者。 The government promised to take measures to he
17、lp the unemployed.,7. joy n 快乐 joyful adj1.Granny is joyful. 2.After she heard the good news, she smiled with joy.3.Her face is full of joy.,8.encourage v.鼓励；鼓舞;促进 encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb. in sth.在方面鼓励某人1)Joyce wanted to encourage students to read more famous books.Joyce想鼓励同学们多读
18、名著。 2)My parents often encourage me to study hard.,9.On Saturday morning, every boy in town was happy, except Tom Sawyer.except 除之外(介词)比较:besides, except, except for I have some other friends besides Lily.(除之外(还有) Everyone is here except Tom.(除了之外(没有)He is a good father except for bad temper.(除去(部分)
19、,10.Oh, but you have to work, dont you?噢，但是你不得不干活，不是吗？反意疑问句：可用来确定自己的判断，获取真实的信息，还可以用来表示惊讶、愤怒等感情。 结构：前面肯定后面否定，前面否定后面肯定 He is going home by plane, _ he? They went to the movies, _they? Everything seems all right, _ it?,isnt,didnt,doesnt,注意祈使句的反意疑问句： Lets meet at the school gate, _ _? Let us meet at the
20、 school gate, _ _? Please dont play fires, _ _?,shall we,will you,will you,11.Tom went on painting. 汤姆继续刷漆。 go on doing sth.=go on with sth. 继续做同一件事 go on to do sth.继续做另一件事After a rest, we went on having our lessson.=After a rest, we went on with our lesson.,stop doing停止做某事 stop to do停下来做另一件事 go on
21、doing继续做同一件事 go on to do继续做另一件事,1.Stop _ and listen to the teacher.talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked 2.After a while, he went on _.A. painting B. to paint C. painted D. paints,3.Mrs. Wang is an English teacher, _ _?4.Miss Zheng will never forget her first visit to Canada, _ _?5.Dont smoke in the
22、meeting-room, _ _?6.He knew he was right, _ _?7.He doesnt think it is a good idea, _ _?,isnt she,will she,will you,didnt he,does he,12.He sang happily, with an apple in one hand.他欢快地哼着小曲,手里还拿着一个苹果。 with an apple in one hand表示一种伴随状态 with的复合结构经常用于表示某人或某物的行为方式或伴随情况。with+名词/代词+介词短语The teacher came in th
23、e classroom with a book in her hand.,其他参考用法：1)with+名/代+形容词He left the room with the door open.Dont talk with your mouth full.2)with+名词/代词+副词With the radio on, Grandma slept deeply in the chair.3)with+名词/代词+动词的过去分词The man stood there with his hands crossed.4)with+名词/代词+动词不定式 With this book to help yo
24、u, you can finish your work faster.,13. marry v. married marrying 嫁 、娶 She married a soldier.He married a pretty girl . get married to sb . 和某人结婚 be married to sb . married adj 注意：to不能用 with代替1.Amy got married to Jack in May .2.They have been married for 30 years .,注意：marry 是非延续性动词，要表达“已婚多少年”时，要转换成
25、be married +一段时间They have married for 10 years .（错）2.They have been married for 10 years . （对）,Quiz,I. Retell the story.,On that Saturday morning, every boy was happy _ Tom. His aunt told him to _ the fence. Soon the boys who were free would _ _ and _ _ _ him. _ _, however, he had a clever idea. He
26、went on _. Tom told Ben he was the only one _ could do it right, then Ben gave him an apple for the _ to paint the fence.,except,paint,come along,make fun of,Just then,painting,that,chance,Tom gave Ben his brush with a _ look on his face, but _ in his heart.All day, boys _ _ and wanted to _ the fenc
27、e. That afternoon, Tom got _ toys, and the fence _ three _ of paint. Later, Aunt Polly came to look at the painted fence. She was _ _ _ she gave Tom a large cake!,joy,worried,passed by,paint,gained,many,coats,so,pleased,that,Everyone here knows it e_ you. Boys and girls, watch my every m_ and then t
28、ry to imitate them as exactly as possible.3. Father built a f_ around the garden.4. You can g_ great happiness if you try your best to do it.5. Bitty stood a few y_ off the car and she wondered how much it was.,ence,ove,xcept,II. Fill in the blanks with the new words.,ain,ards,6. The board says, “Be
29、 careful with the wet p_!”7. When hearing she got the first prize, she cried with j_.8. Because I have heard your lectures many times, I even can learn it by h_.9. After a w_, the birds flew back to look for food.10. Every day I can see an old man b_ by the road by playing the Erhu.,aint,oy,eart,hil
30、e,eg,Its not polite to _ _ (嘲笑其他人).2. Alan got the first place in the maths competition and he became _ _ (越来越自信).3. _ (过了一会) the old man was tired and went to sleep.4. Lily _ (请 她的朋友来) with her to the party.,make fun of other,more and,more confident,After a while,III. Translation.,people,asked her
31、friends to come along,5. Could you buy me an ice cream when you _ (路过商店)?6. If people _ (继续砍树), our environment will be worse.7. I can do nothing _ (除了游泳) in the hot days. 8. He has _ (取得了 丰富的经验) these years. 9. He has _ (心地善良).,pass by the shop,go on cutting trees,except going swimming,gained rich
32、experience,a kind heart,定语从句,定语从句是指在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的句子，它所修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句作定语，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。如：Linda is a girl who has long hair.先行词 关系代词 定语从句琳达是一个留着长发的女孩。, 定语从句中的关系词分为:关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose等关系副词 when, where, why等。(本章重点讲述一下关系代词的用法。关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它一般都跟在先行词之后，且人称、数必须和先行词一致。关系代词通常有三个作用：
33、引导定语从句、代替先行词、在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系代词在定语从句中的成分如下表：),关系代词的判定：*先行词是指人，关系代词可以用 who, that, whom, whose，*先行词指物，关系代词要用which或that。如：1.The boys who / that are playing footballare from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩们来自一班。(指人)2.I want to find a house which / that is in the centre of the city. 我想找一套位于市中心的房子。(指物),*只能用that的情况:1.先
34、行词是不定代词all, everything, nothing,anything, much, little, few等时2.先行词被all, every, any, no, little much修饰时3.先行词被序数词及最高级修饰时4.先行词被the only, the very, the last,the last修饰时5.当有两个或两个以上表示人和物的先行词时6.主句以who,what,which开头的特殊疑问句时,Practice,1. What shall we do next? Take the advice _ is given by Dr. Bloch.(2012 福建泉州)
35、A. who B. whichC. whose2. The designers _ helped usbuild the library are from the UK.(2012 甘肃兰州)A. which B. whomC. who D. whose,3. There will be a flower show in the park _ we visited last week. (2012 广东省)A. who B. whenC. what D. which4. What do you think of theschool uniforms? Very good. I like clo
36、thes _make me feel comfortable. (2012 贵州贵阳)A. that B. whatC. who,5. Success will belong to those_ never say “impossible”.(2012 河南省)A. whom B. whatC. who D. which6. Do you enjoy My heart will goon? No, I prefer songs _ loud. (2012 四川达州)A. that is B. which isC. that are D. what are,7. What are you loo
37、king for? Im looking for the ring _my husband bought me lastyear. (2012 山东滨州)A. that B. whoC. whom D. it,Complete the sentences below with the relative pronouns who or which.,1.He is the preson _ helped me.2.Thats the computer _ broke down.3.Were not the students _ won the the bad- minton match.4.It
38、s the dog _ lives in our block of flats.5.Theyre the socks _ are on sale this week.6.Hes the person _ is waiting for a taxi.7.This is the trian _ goes to Shenzhen.8.This the the road _ leads to the Book City.,who,which,who,which,which,who,which,which,Language,. 用关系代词that, which或who填空。1. Mr Wang is t
39、he only person _owns a car in our village.2. The woman _ is watering flowersis my aunt.3. Where is the book _ I borrowedfrom the library last week?4. The watch _ I lost yesterday ismade in Japan.5. All _ we can do now is to study hard.,that,who,that,that,that,6. This is the factory _ we visitedlast
40、year.7. This is the most interesting film _I have ever seen.8. I will never forget the help _ youhave offered me.9. America is the second foreign country_ I have visited so far.10. Is there anything _ belongs toyou?,that,that,that,that,that,. 将下列句子合并为含有定语从句的复合句。每空一词。1. Do you see the book? I bought
41、it yesterday.Do you see the book _ _bought yesterday?2. Simon was the student. He was lateyesterday.Simon was the student _ _late yesterday.,that,I,that,was,3. The pen was missing. She bought it forme.The pen _ _ _ for me was missing.4. The boy has an interesting book. He livesnext door to Jim.The b
42、oy _ _ next doorto Jim has an interesting book.5. She was the first person. She passed theexam.She was the first person _ _the exam.,that,she,bought,that,lives,that,passed,注意 that, which, who在定语从句中作主语时不可以省略，作宾语时可以省略。如：I have a friend that / who likes listening toclassical music. 我有一个喜欢听古典音乐的朋友。(作主语，
43、不可以省略)This is the pen (that / which) you lost theday before yesterday. 这是你前天丢的钢笔。(作宾语，可以省略), 关系代词只能用that的情况：当先行词是something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时。如：Please get ready for everything (that) weneed. 请准备好我们所需要的一切。Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 我能给你做点什么吗？,当先行词是all, any, much, man
44、y, theonly, the very, the same, the last等或被这些词修饰时。如：Jim told his father all that had happened. 吉姆告诉了他的父亲所发生的一切。He is the only person that can speak French in his class. 他是班上唯一一个会讲法语的人。,当先行词是形容词的最高级、序数词或被形容词的最高级、序数词修饰时。如：This is the most wonderful time (that) Ihave ever had. 这是我度过的最美好的时光。This is the
45、first letter (that) Ive written inEnglish. 这是我用英语写的第一封信。,当先行词里同时有包含人和物的词时。如：They talked of things and people (that) theyremembered in the school. 他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。He told me about the writer and his booksthat interested him. 他告诉我他感兴趣的作者和书籍。,Language,Relative clauses with who, that and which,who,tha
46、t,which引导的定语从句（Attributive Clauses）,Soon the boys who/that were free would come along and make fun of him.Im the only one that can do it right.I met a woman who/that can speak six language.,relative clauses about people start with who or that.,I met a woman. She can speak six languages.,she,who/that
47、,I met a woman who/that can speak six language.,That is Lang Lang. He plays the piano very well.,he,who/that,That is Lang Lang who plays the piano very well.,He is Xiao Shenyang.He is a crosstalk performer.,He is Xiao Shenyang who/that is a crosstalk performer.,he,who/that,Can you see the little gir
48、l?She is stealing the womans cell phone.,She,who,Can you see the girl who is stealing the womans cell phone?,The section that/which was painted was so small.He gave Tom a kite that/which he liked for a chance to paint the fence.,relative clauses about things start with which or that.,Jim was wearing
49、 a hat. It was too big for him.,it,which/that,Jim was wearing a hat that/which is too big for him.,I love the car. It looks very funny.,it,which/that,I love the car which/that looks very funny.,These are police dogs.They help police seize the criminal.,they,which/that,These are police dogs which/tha
50、t help police seize the criminal.,I want to have this laptop. It costs 6,000 yuan.,it,which/that,I want to have this laptop which/ that costs 6,000 yuan.,Practice,Complete the sentences below with the relative pronouns who or which.,1.He is the preson _ helped me.2.Thats the computer _ broke down.3.