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1、Coincidences in Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿情节巧合Oliver Twist is Charles Dickens first fully crafted novel. It centers on the hard years of an orphan, Oliver Twist, and is set against the seamy underside of the Lon2don criminal world. Dickens created a lively picture of lowlife under the capitalistic system. As
2、 the author of the novel, he mounted a direct attack on the cold impersonality of the workhouse system representing the class people with hard - heartedness,tyranny and hypocrisy. He used his unique humor, fierce satire and penetrating insight to expose the dark sides of the then society. Meanwhile
3、he showed his great sympathy for the miseries and hardships suffered by the working people. It is widely acknowledged that the book smain theme is positive and optimistic, which reflects Dickens held radical ideas at that time, and reviews were and are generally favorable. However, Dickens was sever
4、ely criticized for introducing many coincidences in the plot of the story. For example, the first person that Oliver Twist picks pockets happens to be Mr. Brownlow, a good friend of his father s. Later, Oliver is forced by Fagin to accompany Sikes in an attempted robbery of a house, (needing a small
5、 boy to enter a window and open the door for the (housebreakers), whose owner, Mrs. Maylie, by chance is his mother s elder sister - his aunt. Such incidents which seem to be unbelievable are regarded by many as” uneven and contrary to the real life. ” Seemingly, coincidences become the negative sid
6、e of the novel. Some even go so far as to think Dickens was not well - thought in plotting the story. As a novelist, Dickens represented English critical realism writing during the19th century. He was highly praised by Karl Marx as“one of the excellent novelists in Britain. S” uch a great novelist d
7、id not arrange coincidences in the story without purposes. Therefore, to understand coincidences correctly, we must analyze them systematically from all sides rather than the one - sided approach. Oliver Twist by Dickens is characterized by a few coincidences especially happy encounters, about which
8、 some reviews are unfavorable. This essay , sharing quite opposite opinions to the unfavorable ones ,proves coincidences have advantagesby means of systematic analysis from the following four points : Dickens radical ideas ,his unique artistic style as well as his firm belief” good is rewarded with
9、good ,and evil with evil . ”Coincidences embody Dickens radical ideasDickens wrote Oliver Twist at the age of 25 , when he was bursting with youthful vigor , imbued with vitality and optimism , which became the main drift and purpose of his literary production to the letter. While ruthlessly exposin
10、g the dark corners of life and fiercely attacking the cynical reality , he showed us the good trend in the development of the society rather than depicted it as pitch -dark. So from his novel, readers have a strong sense that life is not utterly hopeless. Dickens chose to convey this message through
11、 coincidences in the book.Oliver is born of a dying mother in a parish workhouse and then sent to an infant farm, run by Mrs.Mann, until he is nine years old, at which time he is then returned to the workhouse again, where he is starved and abused. Where there is oppression, there is rebelling. Youn
12、g and physically weak as he is , Oliver is mentally powerful and braveenough to advance to the master and” ask for more gruel ” on behalf of the group. In the undertaker s , he fights for his mother s dignity with Noah Clay pole , another of the undertaker s boy , who offends his late mother , thoug
13、h he pays great cost for it - a more severely physical punishment . Later he runs away to London alone to seek for new life. Such personalities - bravely facing sufferings of life, meeting challenges brought about by misery fate, and rebelling against the evil forces - are the essential conditions f
14、or him to happen to meet Mr. Brownlow and Mrs. Maylie , which serve as Dickens general purpose of arranging coincidences. He made it clear that no matter how tragic your lot is, no matter how hard your life becomes,the unfortunate will certainly get help from good - hearted men to free him from unto
15、ld sufferings on condition that he is powerful and bold enough to face the reality and fight against the evil forces. His ideas guiding literary creation of this kind encouraged those who were then living in an abyss of misery, and who, consequently, from his novel, saw faintly a streak of light in
16、the dark. Meanwhile he warned his readers of the dangers of degeneration. So the coincidences that Oliver happens to meet his late fathe rs good friend Mr. Brownlow and his mother s elder sister Mrs. Maylie have the implications of Charles Dickens radical ideas - being optimistic , intense pursuit o
17、f the happiness, and his firm belief that” tomorrow will be better. ”Creating coincidences is one of Dickens artistic styles - combination of romanticism and realismCreating coincidences is one of Dickens unique artistic styles. The Russian literary lion Gorky said , realism and romanticism often se
18、emed to combine in great artists. Dickens is such a great one who is characterized by his perfect combination of realism with romanticism in writing , forming his unique artistic style - mixture of the realistic and the wildly improbable. Thus , it is not hard to understand that Dickens story is ful
19、l of legends and melodramas. As we all know , realistic writers aim at painting pictures in real life , by which they manage to reveal the truth of life while romantic writers pay attention to imagination and fascination , and they often describe pe2 culiar things in an exaggeratedway. In Oliver Twi
20、st, theses two opposite ways of writing are unprecedentedly well- mixed. Dickens had a good memory and was endowed with great power of astonishing imagination. He had acute eyes , sharp ears and nose , and an excellent memory that enabled him to bear in mind every subtle detail of things that he had
21、 ever seen , heard , tasted or touched in hislife , by using this he generated an imagination in which even Shakespeare could not match him. Oliver Twist is indisputably alive with such amazing gifts of Dickens. Every scene depicted in it is identical to that in real life whether viewed from the per
22、spective of sense of sight , hearing , touch or taste and smell . Moreover , his vivid account of characters created great power to astonish his readers.In generating the story , he used his imagination with marvelous dexterity to create countless coincidences within the plot . In a sense , his arti
23、stic style - creating coincidences was also characterized by exaggeration , that is , an exaggerated mixture of romanticism and realism. Therefore , the situations he described in the novel were not the facts that happened really in a certain place at a certain time , but the ones that should or wer
24、e more likely to happen in real life. Moreover , they were processed , or rather , exaggerated by the artist Dickens. As a result , these situations in the book became romantically realistic. As Dickens himself said , he used romantic realism “largely to express his own moral concepts rather than pu
25、rsue perfect truth. ” While openly revealing and harshly criticizing hideous features in life , he praised ideal human nature and interpersonal relationships. He thought themasseshad virtues and pure and innocent emotions that had not been affected by capitalistic monetary value , forming a sharp co
26、ntrast with callousness , selfishness , tyranny and cruelty of aristocrats and the bourgeoisie. As a novelist , his finest quality lied in his ability to look at problems objectively - everything has its good and bad sides. According to him , human nature was of no class. Every class has its good pe
27、ople and bad ones. Monks is a representative of the unprincipled in the underworld while Mr. Brownlow and Mrs. Maylie the benevolent with noble mind of the bourgeoisie. Such plot of the story shows he had lofty ideals of life , which inspire people to fight bravely with the evil forces rather than t
28、o surrender to it . Through coincidences he hinged his hopes on the beneficent bourgeoisie that they should help the underworld that were born with virtues and noble mind.Good is rewarded with good , evil with evilDescription of rare incidents reflects Dickens consistent creative attitudes and aesth
29、etic psychology. Viewed from the perspective of the main theme of the novel , coincidences indicate that Dickens , an optimistic and romantic humanitarian , held the concept that good is rewarded with good , and evil with evil . Yet from his psychology of creation , it was his concept of children th
30、at urged him to plot the story in such a way. In the Bible , a child is re2 garded as a symbol of good. Pure and innocent children can be compared to angels in Heaven. According to the Bible, having child - like innocence means keeping good and love. Although Dickens was not a Christian , his humani
31、tarian ideas were harmonious with the concept of children advocated by the Bible. Thus , children became symbols of good and love in his mind , which was also the key point of his humanitarianism. As a result , he created happy encounters by using “the simplest creative method- ” coincidences“ , in
32、which a penniless , hopeless child is offered help from benefactors who free Oliver from sufferings and dangers many times. Towards the end of the novel , as Oliver is being chased by his half brother , villainous Monks , who intends to kill Oliver thereby negating the unknowing Oliver s claim to hi
33、s rightful inheritance which would then go to Monks , Oliver happens to encounter Mr. Brownlow again despite a long period of losing touch with each other. This good - hearted gentleman conquers Monks and helps Oliver get his share of in2 heritance - a large sum of money , hoping he will start a new
34、 life. From this coincidence , we seem to see Dickens himself is like a lonely and helpless child who is eagerly expecting happy encounter with good - hearted men by whom he will be offered help. Creating happy encounters is determined by his aesthetic psychology , which corresponds to his great exp
35、ectations :“Good survives through every adverse circumstances , and triumph at last”,and the light will supplant the dark in the end.Notes : Anatole France (1844 - 1924) , French writer , literary critic. Charles Dickens , preface to Oliver Twist , the third edition , P1 , Foreign Language Teaching
36、and Re2 search Press , 1992.Work cited1 Catherine Peters , Charles Dickens. Xian : Xi an World Publishing Corporation , 1998.2 T. A. Jackson. Translated by Fan Deyi, Charles Dickens. Shanghai : Shanghai Translation Press ,3 Luo Jin - guo , A Critical Biography of Charles Dickens. Shanghai : Shanghai
37、 Translation Press , 1989.4 Charles Dickens , Oliver Twist . Beijing : Foreign Language and Research Press , 1992.5 Jiang Cheng - yong , Dickens psychological models and the fairy story patterns, Journal of Hangzhou Teachers college (Social Science) No. 1 ,1995 , P73.生命列车The Train Of Life1.2.搭车旅行， 上
38、车、下车要经历无数次;时常有事故3.1 .不久以前，我读了一本 书。书中把人生比作一次 旅行。2 .人生一世，就好比是一次发生；有时是意外惊喜， 有时却是刻骨铭心的悲 伤3 .降生人世，我们就坐上了 生命列车。我们以为我们 最先见到的那两个人-我们的父母，会在人Not long ago, I read a book, in which a man slife was compared to a journey.The life of a man is just like a hitchhiking , during which many times we go up and down. Now
39、 and then things will happen accidently, some of which are to be unexpected excitement , while some heart-breaking sorrows.When first embraced the world , we are already on the train of life. We take it for granted that the first two persons, our parents, whom we are encountered with, will生旅途中一直陪伴着我
40、 们。4 .很遗憾，事实并非如此。 他们会在某个车站下车， 留下我们，孤独无助。他 们的爱、他们的情、他们 不可替代的陪伴，再也无 从寻找。5 .尽管如此，还会有其他人 上车。他们当中的一些人 将对我们有着特殊的意 义。6 .他们之中有我们的兄弟 姐妹，有我们的亲朋好 友。我们还将会体验千古 不朽的爱情故事。7 .坐同一班车的人当中，有 的轻松旅行。8 .有的却带着深深的悲 哀还有的，在歹U车上四处奔忙，随时准备 帮助有需要的人9 .很多人下车后，其他旅客 对他们的回忆历久弥 新但是，也有一些人，当他们离开座位时， 却没有人察觉。10 .有时候，对你来说情深义 重的旅伴却坐到了另一 节车厢。你
41、只得远离他， 继续你的旅程。11 .当然，在旅途中，你也可accompany us all the way.4. Sadly, things do not go on as we thought.Our parents will get off the train at a certain station , leaving us, bereft and helpless.Their love and emotion to us and their irreplaceable company can be found in nowhere.5. However , there will be
42、somebody else who will get on the train. Some of them will have special meaning to us.6. Some of them may be our siblings , relatives and friends, and we will also expereince the imperishable love.7. Some of our travelling companions are quite light-hearted on the way.8. While some may bear immenses
43、orrow.Stillsome ,back and forth, are ready to hold out their hands for others who need help.9. Some people alight off the train, yet they are still kept in the mind of the other passengers for long;some, to the opposite, leave their seats without being noticed.10. Sometimes, the one,who is dear to y
44、our heart, has huddled into another carriage. Nothing but one you can do is just to keep on going, far away from him.11. Of course, during the journey, you may stagger to another carriage to look for him.以摇摇晃晃地穿过自己 的车厢，去别的车厢找 他12. 可惜，你再也无法坐在他 身旁，因为这个位置已经 让别人给占了13. 没关系。旅途充满挑战、 梦想、希望、离别就是不能回头。因此，尽 量使旅
45、途愉快吧！14. 善待旅途上遇见的所有 旅客，找由人们身上的闪 光点。15. 永远记住，在某一段旅程 中，有人会犹豫彷徨，因 为我们自己也会犹豫彷 徨。16. 我们要理解他人，因为我 们需要他人的理解。17. 生命之谜就是：我们在什 么地方下车？坐在身旁 的伴侣在什么地方下 车？我们的朋友在什么 地方下车？我们无从知 晓18. 我时常这样想：到我该下 车的时候，我会留恋吗？ 我想我还是会的。和我的 朋友分离，我会痛苦。让 我的孩子孤独地前行，我 会悲伤。我执著地希望 在我们大家都要到达的19. It s a pity that you will never seat yourself besi
46、de him because the seat has been engaged by others.20. Never mind. The journey is full of challenges,dreams, hopes and departures- but only one thing is that you can turn back. So, have a good journey with heart and soul.21. Show your good-will to all the passengers you are encountered with, and fin
47、d the merits of theirs.22. Remeber that someone may oscillate just as we do in the journey.23. We should understand others just as we need others understanding.24. The enigma of life is : Where shall we get off the train of life?And how about the companions beside us?And our friends?We don t know25.
48、 Sometimes I think ： When my time comes to get off the train , shall I miss it ? I think I will.It is a suffering when I part with my friends.I will be sorry for leaving my kids going alone.I firmly hold that when we get to the terminal , we will have another reunion.26. When my kids get on the trai
49、n of life, they have only little luggage in their travelling bags. However,if I can leave the beautiful memory in them,I will be happy.那个终点站，我们还会相 聚19.我的孩子们上车时没有 什么行李，如果我能在他 们的行囊中留下美好的 回忆，我会感到幸福。27. 我下车后，和我同行 的旅客都还能记得我，想 念我，我将感到快慰。28. 献给你，我生命列车上 的同行者，祝您旅途愉 快！20. After getting off the train of life, I will be content if my fellow passengers will remember me and miss me.2