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1、Exercise 11 Language and Linguistics 语言和语言学1 According to F. de Saussure, refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.A. parole B. Performance C. langue D. LanguageLanguage is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between and meaning
2、s.A. senseB. sounds C. objects D. ideasLanguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.3. This feature is called,A. displacement B. duality C. flexibility D. cultural transmissionThe study of language as a whole is often calledA. general linguisticsB. S
3、ociolinguisticsC. psycholiguisticsD. apllied linguisticsThe descriptiong of a language at some point in time is a study5 .A. diachronic B. synchronic C. descrpitve D. prescriptive6.Findings in linguistics studies can often be applied to the solutions of some practical problems, the7.study of such ap
4、plications is A. anthropological linguistics C. applied linguistics Which of the following isn A. Phonology B. Syntaxknown as.B. computational linguisticsD. mathematical linguistics t a major branch of linguistics?C. Pragmatics D. Speech8.As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the langua
5、ge people actually use, and not9.to lay down rules forA. prescriptiveC. descriptiveThe famous quotation from name would smell as sweet“correct linguistic behaviour, it is said to be .B. sociolinguisticD. PsycholinguisticShakespeares play Romeoand Juliet Arose by any other well illustrate s .A. the c
6、onventional nature of languageB. the creative nature of languageC. the universality of languageD. the big difference between human language and animal communication10 Chomsky uses the term to refer to the actual realization of a language user fsknowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic co
7、mmunication.A. langueB.competenceC. paroleD.performance, According to Chomsky, which is the ideal users internalized knowledge of his language? A. competenceB. parole12.C. performanceD. langueWhich of the following statements about language is NOT true?A. Language is a systemB. Language is symbolicC
8、. Animals also have languageD. Language is arbitraryThe function of the sentence ”A nice day, isnt it?H is .A. informative B. phaticC. directive D. performative What is the most important function of language?B. PhaticD. Metalingual14. A.lnterpersonalC. InformativeThe function of the sentence What a
9、 beautiful day! ”is 15 A. performativeB. emotiveC. informativeD. phaticSaussure took a(n) view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a 1 6. . r .point of view.A. sociological .psychologicalB. psychological .sociologicalC. applied .pragmaticD. semantic.linguistic17 The study ofI / 0A. sem
10、anticsdoes NOT form the core of linguistics.B. pragmaticsC. computer- linguisticsD.phonology18 is regarded as the44 father of modern linguistics”?A. ChomskyB. SaussureC. HallidayD. WhorfWhich word is the absolute arbitrary one?. A. bangB. headache C. roseD. impolite are two sub-branches of linguisti
11、cs that study the units at the grammatical level.A. Morphology and semanticsB. Morphology and syntaxC. Syntax and semanticsD. Morphology and phonologyThe term linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which21. studies language change over various periods of time and at various
12、 historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparativeChildren can speak before they can read or write shows that .A. language is arbitraryB. language is used for communication22. c. language is basically vocalD. language is productiveWhich of the following is one of th
13、e two core branches of linguistics.A. MorphologyB. sociolinguictic23. C. psycholinguisticsD. anthropologyThe distinction between competence and performance is proposed byA. SaussureB. Chomsky24. C. HallidayD. the Prague School What are the dual structures of language?A. sounds and lettersB. sounds a
14、nd meaningsC. letters and meaningD. sounds and symbols25.Exercise 12 Phonetics 语音学The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are _ sounds.A. voicelessB. voicedC. vowelD. consonant is a voiced alveolar stop.1. A. zB. dC. kD. b2.3. The sound f is .A. voiced palatal affricateB. voiced alveol
15、ar stopC. voiceless velar fricativeD. voiceless labiodental fricativeA vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the4highest position.A. backB. central C. front D. middleLiquids are classicified in the light of .5. A. manners of articulationB. place of articualtionC
16、. place of tongue D. non of the aboveIn English , there is only one glottal, it is .6. A. IB,h C,k D.fThe differnce between u abd u: us caused by.7. A. the openess of the mouthB. the shape of the lipsC. the length of the vowelsD. none of the aboveOf all the speech organs, the is/are the most flexibl
17、e.A. mouthB. lips C. tongue D. vocal cords8 All the back vowels in English are pronounced with rounded-lips, i.e. rounded, EXCEPT9.A. a:B. u：C. ? D. uWhich of the following groups of words ia a minimal pair?is the study of all the sounds that occur in the world s language. A. Morphology B. Phonetics
18、 C. Phonology D. Syntax10.Which of the following sounds is a back vowel?A. iB.wC.eD.u11.8. the shape of lips12. D. the place of articulationthe following sounds tdszn share the feature ofp is different from k in A. the manner of articulationC. the vibration of the vocal cordIn terms of the place of
19、articulation ，14.A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental1 q Voicing as a quality of speech sounds is caused by the vibration of C. the glottisD. the uvulaB. the height of the tongueD. the position of the soft placeB. In the nasal cavityD. Inside the larynxA. the velumB. the vocal cordse is differe
20、nt from a in .16. A. the shape of the lipsC. the part of the tongue that is raised Where are the vocal cords?17. A. In the mouthC. Above the tongueWhich of the following does NOT belong to the three resonating cavities? A. the pharynx B. the nasal cavityC. the larynx D. the oral cavity“The Adam s Ap
21、ple is .19. A. a kind of appleB. related to AdamC. the front part of larynxD. on the top of larynxA. V owels are sonorants.B. In the production of vowels, there is no obstruction of air.C. Tongue height is one criterion to distinguish vowels.D. Vowels are also called obstruents.20 Which of the follo
22、wing English sounds is NOT bilabial?A.bB. mC. nD.pExercise 13 Phonology 音位学1 Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be .A.in phonemic contrastB. in complementary distributionC. the allophonesD. minimal pair2 . Dis
23、tinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are calledA. phonetic componentsB. immediate constituentsC. suprasegmental features D. semantic features3 . A(n) is a unit that is of distinctive
24、value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.A.phoneB. sound C. allophoneD. phoneme4 The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the _ of that phoneme.A. phonesB. soundsC. phonemes D. allophones5Which of the followi
25、ng is a typical tone language?A. EnglishB. ChineseC. FrenchD. All of the above6 .Usually, suprasegmental features include, length and pitch.7 A. phonemeB. speech soundsC. syllablesD. stress studies the sound system in a certain language.8 A. PhoneticsB. SemanticsC. PragmaticsD. Phonology are used to
26、 find the phonemes of a language.A. Minimal pairsB. Free variation9 . C. Constrastive distribution D. Complementary distributionIf the two similar sound segments never occur in the same phonetic enviornment, then they areB. two allophones of a phonemeD. a minimal pairA. two separate phonemesI 0 C. t
27、wo free variations of a phonemeWhich of the following is not a suprasegmental feature?II A. Aspiration B. Intonationc. Stress D. Tone12.Where is the primary stress of the wordA. phoB. no“ phonology ”?C. IoD. gy permissibleOf the following sound combinations, sequeg郦 rules in EngljghHording to the A.
28、 kibl B. bkil13.C. ilkbD. ilbkA. but -pubB. wet -whichC. pin-penD. fail-find14. is an indispensible part of a syllable.A. CodaB. OnsetC. StemD. Peak15.Among the following, the parts of speech that is normally unstressed in an English sentence areA. NounsB. VerbsC. AdverbsD. Prepositions16.17.A. cat
29、/ batB. put / butc. jig / pigIf two sounds are in complenetray distribution, they areA. symbolsB. allophonesC.phonesD. sit/bitof the same phoneme.D. signs18. In the production of a consonants at leastarticualtiors are involved.A. twoB. oneC. threeD. fourWhich of the following is NOT a minimal pair?W
30、hich of the following is NOT invented by way of acronym?19.A. StopsB. FricativesC. AffricatesD. Lateralsinvolve more than one manners of articulation.20.A. closedB. apartC. totally closedD. completely openVoiceless sounds are produced when the vocal folds areExercise 14 Morphology 形态学1. is a branch
31、of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.A. SyntaxB. GrammarC. MorphologyD. Morpheme2.are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language by the linguists.3.4.5.6.7.A. WordsB. MorphemesC. PhonemesD. Sentencesin the word booksA. a
32、derivative affixC. an inflectional affix The word“simplificationsA. 2B. 3isB. a stemD. a root has ems oi nrpith. emC.4D. 5The words that contain only one morpheme are calledA. bound morphemesC. free morphemesB. affixesD. rootsWhich of the following is NOT a free morpheme?A. bookThe word “ sitcomA. b
33、lended wordB. boyish“is a(n) _C. betD childB. abbreviated word C. compound wordD. clipped word8.A. -fulB.-lyC.-edD -ityOf all the following affixes, which is different from others?9.10.11.A. gas stationThe word “fridgeA. compoundingB. town-planning “is formed through_B. blendingC. headacheC. clippin
34、gD medicareD back formationWhich of the following is NOT a compound word?Which of the following is a typical example of back formation?12.A. editB. writeC. putD cookD. Medicare internationalism ”?D. 115.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.A. HallidayB. ChomskyWhat does LAD stand for?A. Language associativ
35、e districtC. Language aquisicion device The syntactic rules of any language areA. NATO B. APEC C. AIDSD. smog13 Which of the following does NOT belong to the allomorphs of the English plural morpheme? , A. sB.zC. eiD.isOf all the following four words, which one is different from the other three in t
36、erms of word-14 formation?A. NationalB. E-mailC. BrunchHow many bound morphemes are there in the word A. 2B. 4C. 3The two aspects to the meaning of a word are denotation andA. indication B. connotationC. conversation D. implicationA word is a combination of two or more words which functions as a sin
37、gle word.A. compound B. blend C. shortenedD. clippedThe word “typhoon originated in .A. Japanese B. French C. ChineseD. SpanishIn terms of lexicology, a word is a combination of sound and .A. spellingB. writingC. meaningD. pronunciationThe different forms of a morpheme are called.A. morphsB. free fo
38、rmsC. allomorphsD. rootsare words formed from the initial letters of words and pronounced as words.A. clipped wordsB. compoundsC. blendsD. acronymsIn the word internationalism ”， is the root.A. interB. nationC. alD. ismWhich of the following is NOT a compound word?A. pencil boxB. friedlinessC. deadl
39、ineD. upstairThe basic unit in the study of morphology is .A. the internal strucutre B. wordC. the rules by which words are formed D. morphemeWhen the suffix is added to a noun, it usually changes this noun into an adjective.A. less B. nessC. fullyD. erExercise 15 Syntax 句法学mainly deals with how wor
40、ds are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences.A. Pragmatics B. Syntax C. Semantics D. PhoneticsA sentence is considered when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers.A. rightB. wrongC. grammatical D. ungrammatical put fo
41、rward the idea that sentence can be defined as the maximum free form.C. Bloomfield D. SaussureB. Language associative deviceLanguage aquisicion district in number.5.D. infiniteA. large B. small C. finiteA. societyB. cultureC. psychologyD. acquisition6 The two clauses in a sentence are structurally e
42、qual parts of the sentence.A. simple B. complex C. complete D. co ro rd in ate Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by in 7. 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. F. SaussureC. N. ChomskyD. M. A. K. Halliday8 Transformational rules do not change the basic of sentences.A. meaningB. formC. positionD.
43、structure9According to ICAnalysis, how many ultim ate constituents are there in the sentence John left yesterday ”?A. 2B.3C.4D. 110.TG Grammar studies the relationship between language and11 Which of the following does NOT belong to the key concepts of TG Grammar?A. Deep and surface structure B. Uni
44、versal grammarC. Language acquisition device D. Psychological factors proposed the theory of Systemic-functional Grammar.12. A. ChomskyB. HallidayC. SaussureD. BloomfieldDifferent from Chomsky, Halliday studies language from a perspective.13. A. sociological B.psychological C. culturalD. conventiona
45、lChomsky holds the view that language is a form of ; while Halliday regards 14. language as a form of .A. knowing, thinking B. knowing, doingC. thinking, doing D. doing, knowingA speakers actual utteranc e in Chomsky minologyls scateller d. 15. A. deep structure B. linguistic universalsC. universal grammar D. surface structure Chomsky argues that LAD probably consist of elements.“ A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 16.H allidays Syste-fmunicctional Grammar takes as the object of study.s linguistic conmcepete17. A. actual uses of langu