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1、主谓一致 主谓一致就是指主语和谓语动词在人称、数等方面保持一致。主要包括三大原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 注意： 1. 结合时态和语态。 2. 名词关注复数形式；动词关注一般时态下的单数形式。 3. 既要关注主语的形式，还要关注主语的意义！ 4. 关注倒装句：There is a pen. Here comes a bus.1意义一致原则 意义一致原则指谓语动词采用单数还是复数形式要取决于主语所表达的是单数还是复数概念或意义，而不是取决于主语形式上的语法标记。例如： Ten years is a long period to him. People are talking
2、 about the news. More than two hundred students have attended the lecture. 一、并列主语的主谓一致： 1两个单数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。 Steam and ice are different forms of water. 2两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一个人或同一件物或同一个概念时，或表示不可分开的整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： The singer and dancer is going to attend our evening party. The singer and
3、the dancer are close friends. 一、并列主语的主谓一致： 3. 由and 连接的从句结构做主语时，要根据意义一致原则决定谓语动词的数。既表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。表示同一个概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 What he says and does do not agree. When and where we should go on holiday has not been decided yet.1.如果主语是不定式，动词-ing形式或主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。温馨提示Collecting stamps gives me pleasure.To co
4、llect stamps gives me pleasure.集邮带给我乐趣。 二、某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 1有些集体名词如：crowd，family，team，orchestra(管弦乐队)，group，government，committee，class，school，union，firm，staff，public等，它们作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式，如果强调个体，则谓语动词用复数形式。 例如： His family is a big family. 他家是个大家庭。 His family are very well. 他的家人都很健康。 The public is/ar
5、e requested not to leave litter in the park. 公众不准在公园扔垃圾。 二、某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 2. 有些名词形式上是复数，而意义上却是单数。如：news，means，works 还有许多以ics结尾的学科名称，如：economics，physics，mechanics，politics等， 还有国名，书名等，如The Times, 它们作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 例如：Politics is a complicated business. Here is the news. 3. trousers, scissors, clothes,
6、 goods, glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数。 （注意：单复数同形，如fish，sheep，Chinese，Japanese等，谓语动词单复数根据句意决定） 二、某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 4. 由“theadj.”结构作主语表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；如果表示某个人时谓语动词用单数形式。如： The old are taken good care of in our society. The wounded was taken to a hospital at once. 三、数词和量词作主语时的主谓一致 1表示时间，重量、距离、价值等名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词常
7、用单数形式。例如： Twenty miles is a long way to walk. Ten years is a long period to him.2语法一致原则 语法一致是指谓语动词要和它的主语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语单数，谓语动词要用单数形式；主语复数，谓语动词则用复数形式。 例如： China is a big country with a long history. These books are all Wei Fens. 一、并列主语的主谓一致： 1.用and连接的单数主语，前面有限定词each，every，many a，no等修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式，后一个限
8、定词可省略。例如： Each pen and (each )book is found in its place. Every boy and (every) girl is treated in the same way. Many a boy and (many a) girl has seen it. 注意：前面有限定词each，every，many a，no，more than one等修饰的主语，谓语动词使用单数！ Many a boy learns to swim before he can read. More than one student has passed the ex
9、am. (单数形式表复数概念：许多) 二、某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 1不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。这类不定代词有either，neither，each，one，the other，another，somebody，someone，something，anyone，anything，anybody，everyone，everything，everybody，no one，nothing，nobody等。例如： Neither likes the friends of the other. 两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。 Everything around us is matter. 我们周
10、围的所有东西都是物质。 注意：neither of与either of的结构里，谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式，一般用单数形式。 二、某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 2. 由all of，most of，a lot of，some of，none of，plenty of，the rest of，the majority of 等名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式应与名词的单复数一致。即谓语动词单复数由of后面的名词决定。 Plenty of the pictures have been collected. Some agree with Tom，but the rest of us agr
11、ee with Sam. The majority of fresh water is in Canada. 三、数词和量词作主语时的主谓一致 3. “分数或百分数of名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。即谓语动词单复数由of后面的名词决定。 例如： Over 50% of the land has been covered with forest. Twothirds of the students in our class are fond of English.3就近一致原则 就近一致原则指谓语动词的数要与它最靠近的主语的数保持一致。例如： No
12、t only the teacher but also the students like playing football. There is an apple，a pear，and some grapes on the table. 一、并列主语的主谓一致 1.由连词or，neither.nor，either.nor，not only.but also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式按就近一致的原则，与贴近谓语动词的主语一致。 关注: there be 句型！be的形式与最近的一个名词（短语）保持一致。 例如：He or you have taken my pen. Either y
13、ou or he is not telling the truth. Not only his parents but also he has been to Europe. There is a pen and several books. 一、并列主语的主谓一致 2. 单数名词as well as，with，along with，like，together with，rather than，except，but，including，accompanied by，plus，besides，in addition to，no less than 等后跟名词做主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。即由第一个名词单复数决定谓语动词单复数。 例如： My mother，as well as my father，has a key to the office. The man together with his wife and children sits there watching TV.