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1、There are three steps to making an IBM presentation:?(1) plan itPlan It offers advice on organizing your message, sharpening your focus on what you want to say, and arranging it in a manner that audiences can follow.(2) prepare itPrepare It is a resource for constructing graphic support materials in
2、 FreelanceYou will find instructions on how toGraphics (PowerPoint is also supported).include elements such as text, charts and graphs in a style that will beconsistent to all our audiences - an IBM look, in much the same way that our advertising and marketing materials have a distinct appearance.(3
3、) present itPresent It offers tips on how to deliver what youve prepared effectively toan audience. Presentations are not about showing a series of slides; they areabout you, communicating a message, with visual elements in a supporting role.Where to beginHeres what you do first: Stop. Take some tim
4、e. As Thomas Watson Sr. used to advise, famously: Think.You are about to mount an argument. What do you need? Dont succumb to the temptation of collecting every apparently relevant item into a jumble and then trying to reshuffle them into a coherent order. (Jim has a nice chart on this, and Lisa has
5、 some good market data, Ill get those.) Thats the flawed technique behind many of the more overblown, leaden presentations youve ever dozed through. Thats working backwards. Instead, start with nothing. and work forward.In her book Secrets ofPower Presentations , Micki Holliday suggests answering th
6、e following questions as a first start to organizing your presentation:? What does the audience need to know? What does the audience want to know? What are the possible benefits of a successful meeting for this audience?(Whats in it for me?)? What questions might the audience have?Ask yourself this:
7、 What is my point? Every presentation is an attempt to communicate something. It may be a complex topic, with lots of supporting data, but fundamentally there will always be something simple you want to say. It might be IBM understands your business, or This technology is the best for our requiremen
8、ts or We need more time to do this job right.Figure out what youre trying to communicate, in its simplest,clearest, mostconcise form. Write it down, in one sentence. Doesit makesense? Doesit really cut to the heart of what you need to convey? If not, rewrite it.If you only could deliver this one sen
9、tence to your audience, with no charts or any supporting information, would this be the one youd choose?Composing this basic sentence might take two minutes, or it might take an hour.It doesnt really matter which. Just get it right. Without a clear point of view, you are navigating without direction
10、.Get it wrong, and youll struggle the rest of the way.Get it right, and the pieces will begin falling naturally into place behind it.Build your caseOK, youre clear about the point you need to convey. But its safe to assume that your audience is not prepared to accept your messageon faith. After all,
11、 if everyone in the room already knew what you wanted to tell them, and agreed with it, there would be no point whatever to your standing up and talking.The purpose of your talk is to move your audience to your point of view. So you will have to build your case. You need to organize your argument.Ma
12、kea rough flow chart of the information you are going to present. Just sketch it out on paper - this isnt going to be a chart youll show, and youll probably have to revise it a few times anyway.The organizing principle behind this is a pyramid: each statement you makewill have one, or more likely se
13、veral, supporting pieces of information under it.As you build your presentation in this outline form, a pyramid will form, with your basic statement at the top and everything else arrayed beneath it. Dontworry yet about the order in which youll actually present each item. Just get them all down on p
14、aper to look at.The Pyramid Principle book listed in our recommended reading list is devoted to this method of organization, and its a useful resource. But the basic idea is really common sense, merely a way of laying out your information so you can arrange and, later on, present it logically.Lets t
15、ake a look at a hypothetical presentation and how you might organizeits various elements, using this technique.From the top downLets assume your basic point is: IBMs solution is your best option, becauseits combination of products and services is integrated and flexible, and because we understand yo
16、ur business challenges.Now, put yourself in your audiences position. They want to know why they should believe this. They expect proof.You have, lets assume, four reasons. First, IBM products work together. Second, IBM offers the flexibility of open systems. Third, IBM services tie everything togeth
17、er. Fourth, IBM has experience in the customers industry.This is the heart and framework of your pitch. Lay it out graphically.ycur business chslenges.IBMds 鸟elution i。yeur bBt option, 七曰占口曰 i+s 8EbinGH cxf pgdu和 and services ig irrteoted and 书告xibl% and匕。加9E物上 unde咋也HdYou now see that youre going t
18、o open by stating your main point, and youre going to proceed through your presentation by offering facts and data in these four areas. Dont worry yet about which will come first.Take each of your supporting arguments and do the same again. Build another pyramid under each of the four. Under product
19、s work together you might have information about each of the elements in the solution: servers, middleware, storage. You might want to talk about inter-divisional efforts in IBM to integrate technologies across our product lines. It would look something like this:Fallen PyramidsSomepeople find it he
20、lpful to use a pyramid on its side, with the topic in the left-most box, and building the pyramid out to the right, instead of below it. If you use this method, youll notice that theFor this example, we dont need to bother creating all the pyramids that builddownward, but you will want to do this fo
21、r yourentire presentation. Organize all theinformation that you might want to include.You will then have a pyramid that encompasseseverything you need to convey.Now, play with it. Look at the big picture.pyramid more closelyresembles a classic outline structure. Unlike an outline, however, the relat
22、ive equality of the boxes make it mucheasier to restructure and re-order your presentation and establish new relationships to item without altering the entire organization, as often occurs when creating an outline.See whats most important. Take out things that, while you might think theyre important
23、, just wont resonate with or be understood by your audience. Move things around. Add or delete, but keep the organizing structure intact.Onceyou have a pyramid that seemsto represent your theme and the various pointsyou need to get across, youre ready to start creating the materials you willactually
24、 show people: bullet points, charts, graphs. Instead of organizingon-the-fly, youve organized first. Congratulations: you now have a clearpicture - literally - of what information is relevant to your presentation, what points it supports, and where it should go. Unfortunately, many peopledont bother
25、 to begin with this formal, structured approach.Although you havent even created your first slide, the most critical (and often botched) work in creating your presentation is complete.If this all seems too plodding, too restrictive and structured, dont worry:it isnt. By the time you have a presentat
26、ion ready to show, the underlyingorganization will fade from view, leaving behind merely a framework that helps your audience focus more easily on your message, and enhances your own mastery of the material, since you understand thoroughly how it all fits together.Now, lets take your graphical, pyra
27、mid outline and prepare a presentation. audience follow your message and quickly understand various types of information.： IBMIBM Presentation Central:Blue-anlblack template with imagePresentation subtitle 讦mI this inform就ionWhere to beginVisual elements such as graphs, charts, and text can enhance
28、your ability to communicate, helping yourUsed thoughtfully, they can be valuable tools.Used indiscriminately, or constructed poorly, however, they can actuallydetract from your message. They can clutter your presentation and confuse your audience.This template will facilitate the preparation of your
29、 presentation and will help to continue establishing you as one of the best expressions of the IBM brand.It reflects IBMs corporate design style, which also influences our advertising and marketing materials. It is straightforward, clean, and simple.Its flexible enough to accommodate a variety of us
30、es. Some may use it with little or no graphic elements, while others might need to convey far more complicated data.Its simple to use. Although communications specialists and graphic designers have worked to create this template, anyone in IBM should be able to use it without any special skills or s
31、oftware beyond what is already available.Dont automatically assume you need to use presentation software to make your presentation!Some of the most effective sales jobs are done just by speaking directly, sincerely and informatively about the subject, without hiding behind charts.In Say It With Pres
32、entations, noted presentation designer Gene Zelazny givesthree basic types of media you should consider if you need visuals to help convey your message:Lap visuals,so called because each memberof the audience receives his or herown copy of the materials at the start of the meeting, if not before. Be
33、st for small groups, their use can open up discussion and help everyone participate as equal partners. The downside is that they may read ahead and start asking questions you would prefer to deal with later in the discussion. And you can also miss opportunities for eye contact if everyone is looking
34、 down reading.Easels or white boards. Great for increasing interactivity among 15 or fewer people, since youre recording the audiences ideas as they comeup. Downsides: Avoid spending all your time with your back to the audience; perhaps deputize a member of the meeting to help write down points so y
35、ou can concentrate on their comments and reactions to you and each other.On-screen presentations. While less personable than the other two methods, this is by far the most polished and suitable for large audiences. Since this is also the medium with the greatest pitfalls, this is the type of present
36、ation well be working on in this section.Title screenBy using a standard title chart and following the style consistently, we will add a professional touch not only to our individual presentations but collectively to all of IBMs face-to-face communications.The title slide is a straightforward elemen
37、t, and generally requires only that you include your name, IBM organization, and speaking topic in the places provided. However, the template allows for other elements that might be required, and its important to follow the guidelines if you will be using these.More text (if you must)The template al
38、so provides a format for longer blocks of text. You should use blocks of text very sparingly. Yes, once in a while there might be a longer passage that is relevant, and valuable. For instance, you might have a quote from an analyst or customer that is particularly striking:Since w ovisourced our ST
39、to 但M Global Services, our costs sre 比町 profits are upf iVe beep prcvnofed fo the board of directors, my kids are gating higher grades at school, and th& wester has been muc方匕由fw一hanfc 吗 A delighted Forture 500 CIOTHr | Ftmh whf H，| 忏h3 I。/MiBHIf you are going to make your audience read something, m
40、akesure its worth their time and effort. More important, makesure its worth your time, since you donthave much available and youve just turned some of it into a small reading assignment.Dont overdo itBefore you begin, keep in mind some key points:Visuals are not your presentation. You are the presen
41、tation. Your audience has not gathered for the purpose of reading your Freelance (or PowerPoint) pages; they have come to hear you communicate. Use visuals to support your message.Less is more. A graph that shows (for example) levels of customer spending on certain technologies can reveal at a glanc
42、e trends in the market, but it remains your task to explain that datas relevance to your audience.A single, well-constructed graphic, supported by your thoughtful explanation, is more effective than a series of charts that the audience must decipher.They are constrained by theProjected visuals have
43、severe limits.resolution of a computer screen, which is far lower than the printed page. They are limited further by being projected onto a screen that peoplemust read from a distance. For this reason, we want to keep visuals simple and bold. More complex graphics are better suited for inclusion in
44、printed materials.Lets take a look at the main elements of the IBM Presentation Template thatyou might need to include. More possibilities and variations are available inthe presentation templates themselves. But understanding which you need, and when, is the first step.Bullet-point textYour audienc
45、e is ready to listen and to look, but they dont want to read long passages of text on a screen. And you dont want them too, either readingtakes their attention away from what you are saying.The most effective way to use text is with short phrases that can be read at a glance. Presented this way, tex
46、t can remind people of your key points, or help them follow the progress of your presentation. Heres an example of text poorly used:9iEiiie un lorFpotfuci ManeI9M eServers offer a 20 percentprioe-performance日dge over Ihe compelitionIEIM eServers offers low&r total cost of ownership, due tci adTanced
47、 management capabilities旧M eServers support Linux 3rd open standards, offering greater fie xfoility to expand and Tor ths fuL reThat isnt a bad-looking page, and it isnt too difficult to read. But it can be improved. This would be even better:gnjlneif UN I 酬 =Mal N6EIBM eServers Price-performance ed
48、ge: 30%1 Advanced maerne nt = lower total cost* Linux & open standards = flexibility01fKlfeH ttTFmifcftup j FrwriTNief AE-flr |。力The first example tries to present your message. The second example merely provides cues to the messages you are discussing. It engages the audiences time only for a moment, and demands that they listen to what youre saying as you explain the points.Of course, even when you reduce your message to a bullet-point phrase, you can still defeat yourself by cramming too m