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1、新概念英语课堂笔记 第一册Lesson 117-118|Word Study第4页/共4页dining room【用法】饭厅【扩展】dining hall大餐厅,食堂dining car 餐车dining table 餐桌coin【用法】n.硬币【词组】coin box投币箱【扩展】 note n.纸币 =paper moneyswallow【用法】v.吞下,咽下；抑制,使不流露;n.燕子【词组】at a swallow 一口swallow up吞没；淹没；消失在中【例句】 Tommy haswallowed the coins. 汤米把硬 币吞下去了.I tried hard to swal
2、low my doubts. 我强忍 着不露出疑心的神色.She swallowed a smile and sat there still. 她忍住没笑,静静地坐在那里.later【用法】adv.后来adj.后来的,较晚的,晚年的,末期的【词组】see you later再见ten years later 十年后 sooner or later 迟早 later on 以后口【例句】He fou nd happ in ess in later life.他在晚年找到了幸福.Can you talk about it later on. 我们能否以后再谈论这件事？He will have to
3、 go there sooner or later. 他 早晚得去.【辨析】late, later 和 latest late作形容词,表示“迟的“晚期的“新近的意思,也可作副词,表示“晚、迟、在晚期.比方：She was late for school yesterday. 她昨天上学迟到了.He woke up late. 他醒的晚了. later可作为late的比拟级形式,或者 作时间副词表示“随后,稍后.比方：She came here later tha n me. 她比我 到这儿晚.Later, I will tell you how to use the equipme nt.待
4、会儿我告诉你怎么用这个设备. latest作形容词,表示“最新的、最近 的,同时也是late的最高级形式.比方：This is the latest news. 这是最新消 息.She came latest of us all. 我们当中她来的最晚.toilet【用法】n.厕所,盥洗室【词组】toilet pater手纸,卫生纸toilet cloth梳妆台布,抽水马桶坐垫套toilet glass 梳妆镜【扩展】lavatory n.厕所,盥洗室NamesTommy / ?t?mi /汤米男子名Text Expla nati onWhe n my husba nd was going in
5、to the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.【译文】今天早晨我丈夫走进饭厅时,把一些硬币掉在地上了.【用法】O1 when引导时间状语从句,前半句为从句,后半句为主句.when引导时间状语从句时,谓语可以是瞬间性动作,也可以是延续性动作.O was going是过去进行时的谓语局部,drop sth. +地点把 掉在We looked for them, but we could not find them all.【译文】我们虽然找了,但没能把它们全部找到.【用法】O look for “寻找,强调找
6、的过程和动作；而 find “找到,强调找的结果.O代词all是them的同位语成分.限制性同位语While we were having breakfast, our little boy. Tommy, found two small coins on the floor.【译文】当我们吃早饭是,我们的儿子小汤米在地上找到了两枚硬币.【用法】O while引导时间状语从句时,谓语必须是延续性动作,且常见进行时态. O名词Tommy是our little boy的同位语成分.非限制性同位语He put them both in to his mouth.【译文】他把这两枚硬币全都放进了嘴里.
7、【用法】O1 put sth. into 把放进,例如：I put all my books into my bag.我把我所有的书都放进了包里.类似短语：put sth. on 把放在上 代词both是them的同位语成分.限制性同位语We both tried to get the coins, but it was too late. Tommy had already swallowed them!【译文】我们俩都试图把这两枚硬币弄出来,但太迟了.汤米已经把硬币吞了下去. 【用法】O1代词both是we的同位语成分.限制性同位语O tried是动词try的过去式.try也可用作名词.t
8、ry to do sth.“努力、尽力做某事try doi ng sth.“尝试做某事try one best to do sth. = do one sbest to do sth.“尽某人最大努力做某事try on +衣服试穿try out sth.“试验、试用try out this idea试试这个主意have a try “试一试,try 是名词.O get有“拿到、弄到之意,此处表示把硬币弄出来.O had swallowed是过去完成时,结构为 had + done.在119课详述过去完成时表示的动作是发生在一个过去时的动作之前.本句中在我们试图把硬币弄出来之前,汤米就已经吞下硬
9、币了.例如：After they had en tered the house, they went into the dining room.他们进了房子之后,就去了餐厅.I didn go to bed before I had finished my homework.我写完作业之后才去睡觉.Tommy bee n to the toilet three times this morning, but I have n had any cha nge yet!【译文】今天上午汤米去了 3次厕所了,但我还没看到硬币. 【用法】O1 has been to与次数连用,表示“去过多少次.cha
10、nge在此处一语双关,既可表示“变化,也可解释为“零钱.副词yet用在现在完成 时的否认句中构成 n otyet,意为“还没.Grammar Analysis同位语【介绍】一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个名词或其类似作用的其他词,对前者作进一步的解释,说明它指的是谁,或是什么等,此时,后一个名词叫做同位语.【用法】i名词作同位语：此种情况最多This is Mr. Gree n, professor of our departme nt.这是我们系的教授格林先生.Xi n, my hometown, is a city with a long history.我的家乡西安是一个拥有悠久历史的城
11、市.2形容词、数词、代词等作同位语：She read all kinds of books, an cie nt and moder n, Chin ese and foreig n.她看了各种各样的书,古今中外都有.Mary, 16, is a smart girl. 玛丽,16岁,是个聪明的孩子. You may leave it to us two.你可以把这件事交给我们两个人.3同位语可分为 限制性 和非限制性 两种：限制性同位语和它前面的名词关系比拟紧密,形成一个整体,两者不用逗号分开：We workers are masters of the country.我们工人是国家的主人.
12、workers如去掉,句子的意思会受很大的影响非限制性同位语和前面的名词关系比拟松散,中间以逗号分开,中间有停顿：Tom, my best friend, will come to see me this evening. 汤姆,我最好的朋友,今天晚上要 来看我.同位语去掉,句子还能成立.过去进行时【介绍】过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作.结构：be的过去式 + doing 动词的现在分词【用法】1 过去进行时表示在某一段时间内进行或发生的动作.比方：We were watchi ng TV from seven to nine last night.昨晚七点到九点的时候我们
13、在看电视.What was he research ing all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么？2 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情.时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示.比方：What was she doing at nine o clock yesterday ？ 昨天晚上九点她在做什么？He was decorat ing his room then.当时他正在装饰房间.3过去进行时可用在由when, while, just as等引导的时间状语从句中.比方：When I was doing the housework, my husba
14、 nd teleph oned me from the office. 当我正在干 家务时,我丈夫从办公室打 给我.While I was liste ning to the stereo, my mother came into the room. 我正在听立体声节目 时,我母亲进房间了.Just as she was clea ning her shies, George kno cked at the door. 她正在擦鞋时,乔治敲门 了.While I was cooking the dinner, he was working in the garden.我做饭时,他正在花园里劳作
15、.4when, while, as 的区别： when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是瞬间性的,也可以是延续性的； when有时表示就在那时.e.g. When she came in, I was eating.她进来时,我在吃饭.瞬时动词When I lived in the coun tryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时,我常常为他担水.延续性的动词We were about to leave whe n he came i n.我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了. While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动
16、作同时发生或 者相对应.并且while有时还可以表示比照.e.g. While my wife was reading the n ewspaper, I was watching TV . 当我妻子读报纸的时 候,我在看电视.was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生I like playi ng football while you like playi ng basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球.比照 As表示“一边一边,“随着 as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句 和从句动作同时发生.e.g. We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱.as表示“一边一边As I grew odder, I know more about life.随着我年龄的增长,我对生活更加了解.第#页/共4页