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1、高中人教版英语知识点总结-高中英语必修三知识点-Lorita高中英语必修三知识点 Unit 1 Festivals around the world 一(重点短语 1. roll over 翻身，打滚 roll up 卷起 roll down 滚下来 2. dream of/about (doing) sth 梦见，梦想 3.at a concert 在音乐会上 4. be honest with sb. 对诚实 be honest about sth. be honest in doing sth. 5. form the habit of 养成的习惯 in the form of 以的形式
2、 in form 在形式上 6. passers-by 路人(复数) 7.earn extra money 赚外快 8. give sb. a chance to do 给某人做的机会 9.play jokes/a joke on sb. 捉弄 play tricks/a trick on sb. laugh at/ make fun of 嘲笑;取笑 10. base on 以为基础, 基于 be based on 以为基础 11. make music 做音乐 12. break up 破裂;拆散;停止;(战争等)爆发 break in/into 闯进 break off 中断;停止 br
3、eak down 坏掉，发生故障;(身体)垮掉 13. hit sb. on/in the+身体部位:击中某人的 14. by chance/accident 偶然，意外地 15. come across 偶然遇见 16.sort out 分类 17.be confident of/about/in 对有信心 18. give/put on a performance/perform 演出;表演 19.go wrong 出了毛病 20. since then 从那时起 e up with 提出 22. stick to do = insist on doing 坚持做某事 23. above
4、of all 首先，最重要的是 first of all 首先，第一 24. play musical instrument 演奏乐器 25. attract ones attention/interest 吸引某人的注意力/兴趣” 二(重点语法-情态动词 一、情态动词的特点: 1.没有人称和数的变化。 2. 有些情态动词有过去式的变化: e.g. will ? would , can ? could , may? might , dare ? dared 二、情态动词的否定式: 情态动词+ not +动词原形can not: cant , must not: mustnt , need no
5、t : neednt 三、情态动词的用法及相互区别, 是考试的内容之一 1. can , be able to be able to 表示经过努力后, 能够做到; be able to 有多种形式的变化。 can 1). 表示体力或脑力方面的能力; 2). 表示允许、可能性。 could 是can的过去式, 表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性 ; 用于疑问句表示委婉地提出问题。 2.may 表示询问或说明一件事可不可做; 表示某事有可能发生。might是may的过去式; 用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。 1) -May I take this book out of the reading-roo
6、m? -No, you mustnt. ( Yes, you may.) 2) -Might I make a suggestion? -Yes, you may. 3. must 1). 表示必须要做的事: 必须 2) 表示很有把握的推断: 一定, 准是。have (has)to : have (has)got to 必须, 不得不。过去式: had to 3) -Must I get to the station before three oclock? -Yes, you must. ( No, you neednt. ) 4) Im afraid you will have to wa
7、it a while. 5) She must be in the classroom now. 4. shall 1) 在疑问句中, 用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。 2) 用于二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的 命令、警告、允诺等概念。 1) - Shall I place an order with you now? -No, you neednt. -Shall he turn down the radio a bit? - Yes, please.(No, please dont.) 2) You shall have the English book as soo
8、n as I finish it. 3) Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him. 5. should 应该 ; 应当 1) You should listen to the doctors advice. 2) You should study the article carefully. 6. will, would 1) 在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。用would语气更加婉转。 2) will 表示现在的习惯性动作或状态; would 表示过去的习惯性动作或状态。 3) will 用于各种人称,
9、表示 意志、意愿、决心、允诺; would 表示过去时间的 意志、意愿、.。 -Will you come with me? -Yes, I will. (I am sorry, I cant.) -Would you tell us something about yourself? -Yes, I will. 7. ought to 应该; 应当 1) You oughtnt to smoke too much. 8. dare 1. dare to come 2. dare come 1) He dare not tell the truth. 2) He doesnt dare to
10、come out at night. 9. need 1). 作为情态动词:必须 2). 作为实义动词: 需要 A.主语是人 need( to do something ; to be done by somebody) B. 主语是事物 need ( doing; to be done) 1) -Do they need to take any books with them? -No, they dont need to. 2) -Need we buy any new equipment? -No, we neednt. 3) This farm tool needs repairing
11、. This farm tool needs to be repaired. 情态动词 + 不定式的完成式是高考的考试要点 1、must have done,“一定做过/一定已经(”，表示对过去情况极大把握地推测，仅用于肯定句 2、may/might have done 也许做过某事(推测);本来可以做某事却没做 3、cant have done 为否定句或疑问句,对过去的推测“不可能，一定没做过某事” could have done本来可以做某事却没做 4. neednt have done 表示”不必要做某事，但做了”，而neednt do 则表示”不必做(也没做)” 5.、ought t
12、o /should have done 表示”本来应当做的却没做” oughtnt / shouldnt have done 本来不应该做某事却做了 6、would/could/might/should + have done 用来表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 7、would rather have done 表示”当时宁愿做了某事”，否定形式:would rather not have done e.g. If I had been free that day, I would have gone with you. 8、would like/love to have done 表示” 本想
13、做某事” 而实际上未做。 Unit 2 Healthy eating 一(重点短语 1.a healthy diet健康饮食; a balanced diet平衡的饮食 2.in different way用另外方式 3.most often最经常 4.feel frustrated感到沮丧 5.by lunchtime到午餐时间 6.must have happened一定发生过 7.at the end of the street在街道的尽头 8.be tired of 厌倦 9.be amazed at sth. 对.感到惊奇 10.throw away扔掉 11.get away wi
14、th 逃脱 12.tell lies说谎 13.energy-giving food提供热量的食物 body-building foods提供营养的食物 14feel fit保持精力旺盛 15.the weakness of the diet饮食的弱点 the strength of the diet饮食的优点 16.do some research into做一些.方面的研究 17.earn ones living谋生 18.be in debt负债 19.glare at怒视 20.move round绕过 21.spy on在暗中侦察;打探 22.upset sb.使.不安 23.loo
15、k ill 感到不舒服feel sick感到恶心 24.heavy food不易消化的食物 25.chat(ting) about聊起关于. 26.serve with用.配 27.rather than而不是 28.cut down减少 29.before long不久 二(重点语法-情态动词 详见第一单元 Unit 3 The million Pound Bank Note 一(重点短语 1. know about 了解关于事 2. make a bet 打赌 3. win or lose the bet 在打赌中赢或输 4. have bad luck 运气不好 5. step insi
16、de 走进里面 6. lead the way 带路 7. I wonder if 我想知道是否 8. go right ahead 说下去 9. as a matter of fact 事实上 10. by accident 偶然 11. sail out of the bay 驶出海湾 12. stare at 盯着 13. towards nightfall 到夜幕降临时 14. carry out to sea 把带到了大海 15. give oneself up for lost 因为迷路而绝望 16. work as an unpaid hand 免费劳动 17. account
17、for 导致 18. to be honest 坦白地说 19. your idea of some kind of joke 你认为的一种笑话 20. be on my way 上路 21. show sb. out 把某人带出去 22. be confident about 对 自信 23. the cost of a journey 旅行费用 24. give sb. a ride 让某人搭车 25. lose ones patience 失去耐心 26. do fifty jumps without stopping 不间断地连续跳五十下 27. fall over 跌到 28. ac
18、count for your behavior 对你的行为做出解释 29. be jealous of the others success 嫉妒别人的成功 30. show a willingness to do sth. 表示乐意做谋事 31. stay out of jail 免坐牢 32. be reserved 被预定了 33. take the gentlemans order 让那位绅士点菜 34. the look on the waiters face 服务员脸上的表情 35. take a chance 碰碰运气 36. read the bill 看帐单 37. in a
19、 rude manner 用粗鲁的方式 二(重点语法:名词性从句 主语从句 名词性从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 考点1 主语从句 that, whether 从属连词 (不作成分) what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever 连接代词 (作成分) when, where, how, why 连接副词 (作状语) 1(连接词that，whether引导 ?That the college will take in more new students this year is true(今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。 ?Whether he can f
20、inish his task on time is of great importance(他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。 特别提示 (1)if不能引导主语从句。 (2)形式主语it替代主语从句。常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种: A(It+系动词+形容词+that从句。如: It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure( 注: 在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用: should +
21、动词原形 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. B(It+系动词+名词+that从句。如: It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace(我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。 注: 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required.that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型 It is demanded that we should work out a plan. C(It+be+v(ed形式+that从句。如:
22、 It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out(据宣布计划已经顺利实施。 注: 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that.句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型 Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance 2(连接代词引导 ?What we cant get seems better than what we already have(我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。 ?who the letter was fr
23、om is still unknown(这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。 ?Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize(你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。 3(连接副词引导 ?How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear(针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。 ?why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery(恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。 考点2 宾语从句 that, whether, if 从属连词 (不作
24、成分) what, who, whom, whose, which, 连接代词 wh+ever (作成分) when, where, how, why 连接副词 (作状语) 1(连接词that，whether，if引导 ?I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help(我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。 ?I dont know if/whether he still lives here after so many years(我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。 特别提示 whether/if都意为“是否”。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语
25、中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。 (1)与or not紧接连用时。如: Let me know whether or not you can come(请让我知道你是否能来。 (2)作介词的宾语从句时。如: We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting(我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。 2(连接代词和连接副词引导 连接代词有what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等，连接副词有when，where，why，how等。如: ?She asked me whose handwr
26、iting was the best in the class(她问我班上谁的书法最好。 ?I11 just say whatever comes into my mind(我想到什么就说什么。 ?Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗? ?Ive been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting(我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。 3(宾语从句的语序 在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如: ?He asked me w
27、hen we could set out the next day(他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。 ?Did you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗? 4(宾语从句的时态 (1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。如: ?She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday(她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时) ?she says(that)she will leave a message on his desk(她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时
28、) ?She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei(她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时) (2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如: ?He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon(他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时) ?He said that he was going to take care of the baby(他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时) ?He said that they were having a meet
29、ing at that time(他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时) (3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如: ?The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it(老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。 ?He said that light travels much faster than sound(他说光比声音传播得快。 特别提示 在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点: (1)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe
30、，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。如: ?I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day(我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。 ?I have made it a rule that I keep diaries(我每天写日记成了惯例。 (2)hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示“喜欢;痛恨;认为”的动词或动词短语和see to表示“注意，留意”后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾
31、语从句后置。如: ?I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food(我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。 ?When you start the engine，you must see to it that the car is in neutral(启动发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。 (3)介词后的宾语从句。如: ?She is always thinking of how she can do more for others(她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。 ?We are talking about whether we a
32、dmit students into our club(我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。 (4)宾语从句的否定转移。将think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如: ?I dont think I know you(我想我并不认识你。 ?I dont believe he will come(我相信他不回来。 (5) 在于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句谓语用 should +动词原形(insist, order, command, sugge
33、st, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire ) We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. 考点3、表语从句 that, whether, as if, as thought 从属连词 (不作成分) what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever 连接代词 (作成分) when, where, how, why.because 连接副词 (作状语) 1(连接词引导 ?The reason for his absence is that he h
34、asnt been informed(他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。 ?The question remains whether they will be able to help us(问题还是他们能否帮我们。 2(连接代词和连接副词引导 ?The problem is who will take charge of this shop(问题是谁将接管这家店铺。 ?That is when I realized the importance of journalism(那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。 特别提示 (1)as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面， 如
35、seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式;与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done).如: ?It sounds as if someone was knocking at the door(听上去好像有人在敲门。 ?He speaks/ spoke as if he had known about it (2)当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型The reason whyis that。如:The reason why he came late was that he g
36、ot up late(他来得晚是因为起床晚了。 考点4 同位语从句 同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名fact，news，hope，belief，thought，词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有idea，doubt，promise，suggestion，order等。 1(通常用连词that引导同位语从句，that无词义，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意从句用陈述句语序。如: ?They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again(他们表示希望我们再去访问上海。 ?I have no i
37、dea that she quit her present job(我不知道她辞掉了现在的工作。 ?Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening(答应我，你今天晚上会来参加我们的聚会。 2(同位语从句还可以用whether，when，where，why，how等引导。如: ?The student asked me the question whether the book Was worth reading(学生问了我这个问题:这本书是否值得一读。 ?I have no idea why he was ex
38、cited at that time(我不知道当时他激动的原因。 1. 在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should，动词原形”should可以省略( My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it. Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 一(重点短语 1. think ofas 把看作是 2(a cloud of energetic dus
39、t具有能量的尘埃 3. combine into合成 4. move around the sun环绕太阳运转 5. become violent变得激烈 6. the solid surface固体表面 7. explode loudly猛烈爆炸 8. in time及时，最终 9. produce the water vapor产生水蒸汽 10. make the earths atmosphere构成了地球的大气层 11.cool down冷却 12. on the surface在表面 13. be different from与不同 14.go round the sun环绕太阳运转
40、 15. disappear from从消失 16. stay on存留在 17. show ones quality显现某人的特性, 18.dissolve harmful gases分解，溶解有害气体, 19. become part of变成的一部分, 20. develop life发展生命, 21.grow in the water在水里生长, 22. encourage the development of鼓励的发展, 23 millions of years later几万年以后, 24.live on land在陆地上生活, 25. live in the sea在海里生存,
41、26. grow into forests长成森林, 27. produce young生出幼仔, 28. lay eggs下蛋, 29.animals with hands and feet长着手脚的动物, 30.spread all over the earth遍布全世界, 31.develop new methods发展了新的方法, 32. move around迁徙, 33. go by过去，推移, 34.preventfrom防止做, 35.escape from into从逃离到, 36.depend on.依靠，依赖，取决与, 37. solve a problem解决 38 b
42、e lucky enough足够幸运, 39 make a trip 去旅行 40. visit the moon参观月球, 41. in the spaceship在太空飞船中, 42. explain to that向解释, 43. on the journey在旅程中, 44 be off启程, 45 rise into the air升人太空, 46. feel the pull of the earth感觉到地球的拉力, 47callgravity称为地球引力, 48. pushinto the seat把推向座位, 49. sayto each other向彼此说, 50.fall
43、 back to朝落下去, 51.fall from a tree从树上掉下来, 52. fall to the ground朝地上落下去, 53. get close to接近, 54 cheer up高兴起来, 55 float weightlessly around失重飘来飘去, 56 in the spaceship cabin太空船舱, 57. watchdo看着做, 58. move freely自由的活动, 59. climb down the steps从梯级上爬下来, 60. step forward向前迈步, 61.fall over摔倒, 62. need practic
44、e需要练习 63.get the hang of掌握了的诀窍, 64. enjoy oneself感到自如, 65. leave the moon s gravity摆脱月球引力 66. come back to回到 二(重点语法-名词性从句 详见第三单元 Unit 5 Canada - ”The True North” 一(重点短语 1. frost on the ground地上覆盖了一层薄霜 2. around noon中午时分 3. the most wealthy and biggest city in Canada加拿大最大最富有的城市 4. leave for离开去 5. go
45、on a tour of the city继续在市内游览一番 6. go up the tower登上塔顶 7. look across the lake俯瞰湖面 8. flow into流人 9. flow over流经 10. on ones way to在去的路上 11. a covered stadium加顶的运动场 12. walk north向北走 13. phone from a telephone booth到电话亭给打电话 14. have dinner in downtown Chinatown在市内的中国城吃晚饭 15. move to移居到 16. meet at在迎接
46、 17. get good Cantonese food吃到好吃的广东菜 18. come from South China来自中国南方 19. go as far as Ottawa去到远至渥太华 20. about four hundred kilometers northeast of Toronto距多伦多东北大约有400公里 21. take too long花费的时间长 22. at dawn黎明 23. at the train station在火车站 24. have English words in small letters有小字体的英文标注 25. go downtown到市区去 26. be close to接近 27. spend the afternoon in the lovely shops整个下午在可爱的商店 28. visit in在拜访 29. sit in a caf 坐在咖啡馆 30. look over眺望 31. sit down with和坐在一起 32. on a train trip across坐着火车上横穿 33. have a French culture具有法国文化 34. speed along the river toward沿着河流驶向 35. dream of梦想 36. on a trip在旅途中 37.