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1、精品2011年高考英语总复习知识点精讲精析与高考试题预测 Unit 12 Artand literature 人教版大纲第一册第一册Unit 12 Art and l iteratureI(单元知识点全览 工欲善其事 必先利其器 高考须掌握的词汇:1(1iterale 2(exhibit 3(powerful 4(magic/magical 5(treatment 6(announce 7(Characteristic 高考须掌握的短语:1(series 2(in 3(across 4(in 5(around 、?(考点过关 过关斩将 一马平川 考点详解 精剖细解 入巿三分 一、重点词汇 1(
2、power巩能力;力量;权力 eg: Man is the only animal that has the power of speech(人是惟一有说话能力的动物。 You can really feel the power of the sun sitting here(坐在此处，你真能感觉到太阳的力量。 Which political party is in power now?现在哪个政党执政?相关链接:power station发电厂powerful adj(强有力的用法拓展:be in power执政 come into power上台;执政eg: Davis is a powe
3、r in this firm=it would be unwise to quarrel with him+戴维斯在公司里是个有势力的人(和他争吵是不明智之举。 案例剖析 旁征博引 举一反三 考题1-1 Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas。wind and other forms of ( A(energy B(source C(power D(material 考题1-2 (典型例题Electricity，like other forms of ，has greatly increased in price( A(st
4、rength B(force一(Fower D(energy 考题11点拨:答案为A。energy活力;能源;source来源;power能力;力量;权力;material材料。天然气，风都属于能源的一种形式(所以选A。 考题12点拨:答案为D。 2(wonder n(奇迹，奇人，故事c;惊奇uv想知道(纳闷eg:It is one of the seven wonders of the world(它是世界七大奇迹之一。1 wonder whether he wiIl come(我想知道他是否来。 用法拓展:Its a wonder that奇怪的是 Its no，Iittle wonde
5、r-(或No wonder)难怪 1 wonder whether/If我纳闷是否 I dont WOnder，/Do you wonder that? 我不纳闷/你纳闷? eg: 1 wonder whether(if)he is honest(我纳闷他是否诚实。 Do you wonder that he is honest? 他是诚实的，你觉得奇怪吗? 考题2-1 ( 典型例题 分 ) She wondered she could have the opportunity to spend here she could learn more about the city. A. if;
6、sometime; so that B. how; sometime; so that C. when; sometimes; that D. if; some time; so that 考题2-2 (典型例题)-John has got a very good job in the government. he looks so happy. A. Its natural B. Thats because C. No wonder D. As though考题2,1点拨:答案为D。wonder作动词用于肯定的陈述句中，后接if/whether或特殊疑问词引导的从句，在此how/when句意
7、不成立;some time一段时问;sometime某个时候;some times几次;sometimes有时;so that引导目的状语从句。 考题2,2点拨:答案为C。No wonder(一一Its no wonder,一难怪。3(treat vt对待;视为;治疗;款待eg: She treats us as/like children(她把我们当小孩看。 Are they able to treat this disease?他们能治这种病吗? lll treat you to fish this evening(今晚我请你吃鱼。 相关链接:treat n(愉快的事;某人请客treatm
8、ent”(待遇;处理用法拓展:treat sb(as/like把当作/像一样对待 treat sb(to用某物招待某人be ones treat某人请客考题3-1 (典型例题 The ticket for the con cert is too expensive,so I will stay at home(Dont worry(Its nay ( A(D1easure B(hlck C(treat D(bHsiness 考题3-2 Please come to my birthday party( Ill treat you a wonderful cake( A(with B(to C(
9、for D(as 考题3,1点拨:答案为C。Its my treat(由我来请客,从上文看出对方因票价太高，所以打算放弃去听音乐会，所以用“别担心，我请客。”作答。考题3,2点拨:答案为B。treat sb(to(一用招待某人。 二、重点短语 4(in trouble处于困境(有麻烦 eg:A person with good mallners wi1l never laugh at people when they are in trouble(一个有礼貌的人绝不会嘲笑身处困境的人。用法拓展:与trouble有关的习语:ask for trouble自找麻烦 have trouble(in)
10、domg sth(/with sth(做某事有困难 get into trouble陷入困境iliake trouble制造麻烦 take trouble to do sth(不辞劳苦干某事 save/spare trouble省事 put sb(to troubk给某人添麻烦 put sb(to the trouble of doing sth(麻烦某人做某事 考题4-1 (典型例题)The guide was familiar with this area, so we had little trouble his home. A. find B. found C. to find D.
11、finding 考题4-2 (典型例题 分) Im sorry to have put you to trouble of changing it for me. A. a B. / C. the D. some 考题4-1点拨:答案为D。have little trouble(in)doing sth(干某事没有多少困难。考题4-2点拨:答案为C。put sb(to the trouble of doing sth(使某人陷入做某事的麻烦之中。特别提醒:put sb(to trouble中 trouble前无冠词。 5(Collie across偶然遇见;碰上eg: I came acros
12、s an old frlend of mine on my way home( 在回家的路上，我偶然遇见我的一位老朋友。 相关链接:表示“偶然遇见”，可用以下形式表达:meet with happen to meet meetby chante run across rtlrlinto用法拓展:come about发生come to达到;恢复知觉 come out出现;(真相)大白;出版(公布:褪色;花开 come up发芽;发生;被提出考题5-1 (典型例题 分 ) How did it that he was hurt so seriously?A. come up B. come acr
13、oss C. come about D. come out考题5-2 The plan at the meeting was practical. A. come up B. came up C. coming up D. comes up考题51点拨:答案为C。How does it come about that?是怎样发生的?考题5-2点拨:答案为c。come up在此句中表示“被提出”，本身表被动(是不及物动词词组，coming up修饰the plan，句意为:“在会议上被提出的那个计划切实可行。” ?6($ound like听起来像eg: What he said sounded
14、like a good idea(他所说的听起来像个好主意。 用法拓展:look like看起来像 smoll I like闻起来像taste like尝起来像 feel like想要;摸起来像特别提醒:sound，look，smell，feel，taste为系动词，后面可跟形容词，名词，介词短语作其表语。系动词不能用于被动语态。 考题6-1Do you like the materlal? Yes(It very soft( A(is feeling B(felt C(feels D(is felt 考题6-2(典型例题It a good idea to sdend our weekend
15、to gether with Grandma(A(was sounded B(was sounded like C(sounded like D(sound like 考题61点拨:答案为c。feel表示“摸起来”时，用作系动词，后加soft作表语，不用于进行时或被动语态。 考题62点拨:答案为c。sound like听起来像，like是介词，后接名词，sound和sound like均不能用于被动句。D项错在时态和人称上。 三、重点交际用语 7(本单元的日常交际用语是“作出决定”及“给出意见”(makmg decisions and giving opi nions)，其常用句型有: I h
16、ave made up my mind. In my opinion, you should. I think youd better/yon should. Have you decided how to do it/what to do. ? 考题7-1 (典型例题)-When shall we meet, at 6:00 or at 6:30? A. At any time B. You make the time C. Well, either time will do D. Any time is OK 考题7-2 (典型例题 分 )-How would you like your
17、coffee? A. Its well done B. Very nice. Thank you C. One cup. Thats enough D. The stronger, the better 考题71点拨:答案为C。从at 6:00。r at 6:30可看出是在两者之间作决定，well，either time will do(“噢，两个时间哪个都行。” 考题72点拨:答案为D。句意为:“你喜欢怎么喝咖啡?”“越浓越好，。”四、重点句型 8(suchthat，So(一that(一如此以至于 eg:He is sueh a kind man that we a11 like him(=
18、He is so kind a man that we all like him(他是一个如此善良的人以至于我们都喜欢他。 such是形容词，修饰后面的名词;so是副词，修饰后面的形容词或副词。考题8-1 (典型例题)Can you be-lieve that in a rich country there should be many poor people? A. such; such B. such; so C. so; so D. so; such 考题8-2 His speech made deep impression on. the audience that they coul
19、d hardly forget it. A. such B. so C. so a D. such a 考题81点拨:答案为B。such a rich country，运用了such+a+adj(+单数名词搭配;so many poor people运用了so+many+复 数名词搭配。 考题82点拨:答案为D .impression是可数名词，make a deep impression on给留下深刻印象，deep修饰了impression，such是形容词，修饰中心词impression。 五、词语辨析 9(believe in，beIieve 相关链接:believe in表示“信任;
20、信仰，赞成”。 eg: You can believe in hira;hei1 never let you down( 你可以信任他，他不会让你失望的。 believe表示“相信(某人所说的话或某事是真的)”。 eg: I dont be“leve him(There is no SUCh thing in the world( 我不相信他所说的，世界上没有这样的事。 考题9 He is a good natured person and I him(but I didnt what he said at the meetmg yesterday( A(beleve;believe B(be
21、lieve;believe in C(belleve in;believe D(believe in;believe in 考题9点拨:答案为C。句意为:“他是个品质好的人(我信任他，但我不相信昨天他在会议上所说的话(是真的)。” 10. habit, custom 相关链接:habit指个体的习惯、习性;custom多指一个国家、 民族或群体的“风俗，习俗”。 eg: Its a bad habit to smoke(吸烟是不好的习惯。 It is a custom for famllies to get together during Chrlstmas( 圣诞节期间家人团聚是一种习俗。
22、考题10(典型例题)Its a in America to fix a time before seeing a doctor.A. sense B. habit C. act D. practice 考题10点拔:答案为D。sense感觉;habit个体的习惯;act行动;practice惯例。句意为:“在美国看病之前约定时间是一种惯例。” ?(语法归纳 精通规则 游刃有余 定语从句在前面已经详细讲过，这里着重讲一下介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。介词十关系代词引导的定语从句 本单元讲的是介词+whom/wh;ch弓J导的定语从句。当关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，也就是由于意义或结构上(动词
23、与介词及形容词与介词搭配)的需要，关系代词要带一个介词。介词可以放在whom，which之前，也就是放在从句句首。介词也可以放在从句中原来的位置，也就是从句的后面。如“这是你花大价钱买的计算机吗?”我们可用以下形式:?Is this the computer for which you paid a high price?Is this the computer you paid a high price for?Is this the computer which you paid a high price for?Is this the computer that you paid a h
24、igh price for? 注意:(1)如果把介词提前，关系代词必须保留，而且只能用正式的宾格形式whom或which，不能用that。(2)如果把介词放在从句后面，关系代词whom，which，that大多数情况下可以省略。(3)如果是含有介词的短语动词，不可拆开，不能将介词放在关系代词之前。 eg: Is this the boy whom you are looking after?这就是你正在照看的孩子吗?(4)引导定语从句的关系副词when，where，why，how，它们的含义也相当于一个介词+ which。 考题 The two t himgs they felt very p
25、roud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair( A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which 考题点拨:答案为B。be proud of sth(以而感到骄傲，此题以things作先行词，在后面的定语从句中充当of的宾语，紧跟介词这之后，关系代词用which。?(专题探究由点及面 由表及里 专题探究: 专题详解: 在英语学习中，“It be+从句”的句型被广泛使用，归纳起来主要有以下八种用法:(一)It be+who/that(强调句) 句型结构为:h is/was+被强调部分+关系子句。被强调部分
26、可为:主语、宾语、状语(表示时间或地点)等。 eg:I met an old friend of mine in the street yesterday(我昨天在街上碰到了我的一个老朋友。 A(It was 1 who/that met an old friend of mine in the street yesterday(昨天是我在街上碰到了我的一个老朋友。 (强调人称主语时，用who比that更规范，后者较口语化。) B(It was an old friend of mine whom/that I met in the street yesterday(昨天我在街上碰到的是我的一
27、个老朋友。 (强调宾语时，关系代词用whom，用that也可以，但较口语化。) C(It was in the street that I met an old friend of mine yesterday( (强调地点状语)昨天我是在街上碰到了我的一个老朋友。 D(It was yesterday that I met an old friend of mine in the street( (强调时间状语)我是昨天在街上碰见了我的一个老朋友。 另外，原句中有notuntil否定结构时。强调句为:It is/was not untilthat eg:Mr Williams didnt k
28、now anything about it until I told him(威廉姆斯先生直到我告诉他，他才知道这事。强调状语部分，可以改写为:It was not until I told him that Mr Williams knew anything about it( 注意:否定词not提到前面后，关系子句中要还原肯定的意思。(二)It be+since 在该句型中，since引导的从句动词可以用过去时、现在完成时和过去完成时。be动词可以是:is/was/has been。 eg: It has been only twenty-five years since televisi
29、on came to control Americansiree time(自从电视控制美国人的空闲时间以来仅有二十五年。lt was long since I had last seen her(/Its many years since we first met(从我最后一次见到她已有很长时间。/从我们第一次见面以来已有许多年了。(三)It be+before before一词作连词时在以下句子中有不同的意义: 1(Look before you leap(在之前跳之前看一看 2(Before I could 9rotest，he ran away(不等就不等我抗议，他就跑了。3(It w
30、as a long time before I got to sleep again(之后)才过了很长时间我才再次睡着。4(It wasnt long before he told us about his story(不多久)就没过多久他就告诉了我们他的故事。 例3和例4中before的含义及句型常为测试重点，学习者要学会使用，并且牢固掌握。(四)It be+when 在该结构中，作为关系副词的when引导限制性定语从句。 eg: It was about half past eleven when it happened(事情发生时大约是十一点半。 It was not until abo
31、ut 1 600BC when the chariot was invented tlmt the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour(直到公元前1600年战车被发明时，最快速度才被提升为每小时二十英里。(五)It is not+that，but+(that) It is not that we are more eager or less lazy than our antes tors，but(that)we have，with the passage of time，invented all sorts of
32、 social devices to hasten the process(不是因为我们比我们的祖先更渴望或更勤劳，而是因为随着时间的流逝，我们发明了各种各样的社会装置来促进这一过程。句中that作连词，意思相当于because。 eg: It was not a question now how much money I should have left over for the rest of the month，but whether I had enough to pay the bill(?现在的问题不是我应该为这个月剩余的日子留多少钱，而是我是否有足够的钱付账单。此句中notbut
33、意为“不是而是”。but前后连接的从句，即: how much money I should have left over for the rest of the month和whether l had enough to pay the bill是真正意义上的主语。(六)It be+形容词/过去分词/名词+由that引导的主语从句此类句型学生比较熟悉。 eg: It is noW thought that(一Now people thought that(:) It has been found that(一People have found that) 括号前的句型往往比括号中的句型更地道
34、。(七)It be+形容词/过去分词+由that以外的连接词引导的主语从句 该句型中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的从句。 eg: It is not known whether agreements have been reached at the meeting(在会议上是否达成了共识并不知道。It was not reported how many people were inj ured in the traffic accident(没有报道有多少人在这次交通事故中受伤。 It hasnt been discovered what kind of virus causes the
35、disease(哪一种病毒导致了这种疾病尚未被发现。在以上例句中，为避免头重脚轻(主语从句放在后面。(八)It be true that，but 该句型也可以简写为:“True that(but”，其意义等同于:“Although it be true”。 eg: Its true that we dont agree on many things(but we have re mained faithful friends(一Although its true that we 4ont agree on many things(we have remained faithful friend
36、s()虽然我们在很多事情上意见不同这一点是真的，但我们仍是忠实的朋友。 Its true that we have made great success(but we mustnt be con ceited(一Although its true that we have made great success，we mustnt be conceited()虽然我们已取得巨大成功这一点是事实，但我们必须不能骄傲。 注意:Its true that经常和连词but连用。 (以上是对“It be+从句”句型的归纳。如果能用心总结所学知识，使其系统化(并进行逻辑记忆，往往会取得事半功倍的效果。V 考
37、题类型一网打尽 蓦然回首 灯火阑珊 回顾1 测试考点 2 (典型例题 He hasnt slept at all for three days. he is tired out. A. There is no point B. There is no need C. It is no wonder D. It is no way1(c 点拨:Its no wonder难怪。句意为:“他三天根本没睡觉难怪他疲惫不堪。” 回顾2 测试语法 (典型例题He was educated at a local grammar school, he went on to Cambridge, A. from
38、 which B. after that C. after which D. from this 2(c点拨:此题考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意:他在当地一所学校上的学(之后去了剑桥。 回顾3 测试语法 (典型例题he schools themselves ad- mit that not all children will be successful in the jobs they are being trained. A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which 3(D点拨:定语从句中that一般不与介词搭配(由句意可知应选D。?
39、(2011年高考题预测 高瞻远瞩 占尽先机 一、考情预测 预测1:wonder+宾语从句句型 预测根据:wonder纳闷;想知道”后接宾语从句时，要根据不同的句型选取不同的连词，肯定句中用whether，if引导，否定或疑问句中用that引导，这是高考考查的一个重点句型。 命题角度预测:wonder后接宾语从句句型的考查通常会在单项选择或短文改错中进行，考生务必清楚此句型的搭配。 预测2:Its no wonder()句型 预测根据:在口语中表示“难怪()八)不足为奇”时(用Its no wonder()表示，这是常用的口语，也是近几年高考考查的一个热点。 命题角度预测:此句型会设置在单项选择
40、的交际用语部分或置于听力部分进行考查(可直接表达为No wonder要引起我们的注意。 预测3:名词power的用法 预测根据:名词power可活用作形容词(修饰后面的另一个名词，如power station“发电站”。power与energy(force，strength等名词的辨析对考生来说也是一个难点，而高考考题关于power这个单词的考查在这两点上设置题目的可能性最大。 命题角度预测:对名词power的考查，大都会设在单项选择上， 且在power与其他几个词的辨析上设置题目。 预测4:对定语从句的考查 预测根据:在高中阶段的学习中，定语从句的用法把握对学生来说也是一个重点和难点，高考题
41、中对定语从句的考查每年都有(考情预测 年高考英语对定语从句的考查将继续设题。命题角度预测:对定语从句的考查的题目会设置在单项选择或完形填空方面。预测5:话题预测 本单元的中心话题是“艺术与文学”，具体涉及绘画、电影、戏剧、音乐、小说等内容，语言知识教学和语言技能训练都是围绕这些话题展开的。考情预测 年高考可能会在阅读理解中涉及此类话题，在书面表达中出现此类话题的可能性较大，如让考生设计一场电影或音乐会的海报。 二、考题预测 备考1测试考点1 He is a person full of _ _ 2、在教师的组织和指导下，通过自己的主动探索获得数学知识，初步发展创新意识和实践能力。A. forc
42、e B. power C. energy D. source即;1(c点拨:full of energy精力充沛在句子中充当了person的后置定语。 备考2测试考点 2 He isclever and works very. hard. he has got the first prize in the competition. 176.186.24期末总复习A. Its a wonder B. I wonder C. No wonder D. As if2(C点拨:No wonder一Its no wonder难怪;()不足为奇。 备考3测试考点 4 You cant imagine th
43、e trouble that he had the job.二次函数配方成则抛物线的A. to finish B. finished C. finishing D. having finished (3)边与角之间的关系：3(c点拨:考查句式have trouble doing sth(“干某事有困难”,trouble充当imagine的宾圆由两个条件唯一确定：一是圆心（即定点），二是半径（即定长）。语that作关系代词指代trouble 充当had的宾语。所以后面要加doing形式。句意为:“你想像不出他完成这项工作的困难。” 备考4测试考点 6 After the meeting, I f
44、elt like ,to breathe in fresh air.八、教学进度表A. go out B. to go out C. going out D. went out4.C点拨:feel like doing想要干。 2、加强基础知识的教学，使学生切实掌握好这些基础知识。特别是加强计算教学。计算是本册教材的重点，一方面引导学生探索并理解基本的计算方法，另一方面也通过相应的练习，帮助学生形成必要的计算技能，同时注意教材之间的衔接，对内容进行有机的整合，提高解决实际问题的能力。备考5测试考点 8 I cant understand why little ani-mals can eat
45、much rice. A. so; so B. such; so C. so; such D. such; such5(B点拨:such little animals这么小的动物such是形容词修饰中心词animalsso much。rice这么多的米so是副词修饰形容词muchmuch修饰rice。 备考6测试考点 7 -I dont have any change with me. Will you pay the fare for me? _ A. Thats fine B. Nothing serious C. Never mind D. No problem 6(D点拨:这是一句交际
46、用语句意为:“我身上没带零钱你能为我付费吗?”没问圆心；垂直于弦；平分弦；平分弦所对的优弧；平分弦所对的劣弧。题。” 备考7测试语法 Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes people were eaten by the tiger. A. that B. by which C. which D. in which7(D点拨:空格处应填入定语从句的引导词句意为,“peoplewere eaten b)r the tiger in 4.二次函数的应用： 几何方面the scene所以与in搭配选D。