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1、.文献翻译Pressure vessel seal Abstract: A pressure vessel seal for sealing a pressure vessel joint of a pressure vessel to prevent fluid migration between an interior wall and an interior surface of the pressure vessel joint including an annular seal ring。一个压力容器密封件是用来密封两个单独的压力容器的接缝，以防止压力容器接缝包括一个环形密封环之间的
2、内壁和内表面的流体流动。Keywords: pressure vessel seal，annular seal ring压力容器，环形密封环 A pressure vessel seal for sealing a pressure vessel joint of a pressure vessel having high internal pressures or temperatures therein causing strain in the pressure vessel joint,。The pressure vessel seal for preventing fluid mig
3、ration between an interior wall and an interior surface of the pressure vessel joint。一个压力容器密封件，密封压力容器接头，其中这压力容器有较高内压或温度，在接头这点上造成压力。压力容器密封是为了防止压力容器接头内壁和内表面的流体流动Comprising: an annular seal ring;包括：环形密封环 coating means with said annular seal ring for engaging the pressure vessel for effecting a sealable
4、 relation therebetween when the pressure vessel joint strains under the high pressures or temperatures encountered within the pressure vessel; 涂料是指环形密封环从事压力容器密封的工具，当压力容器密封接头处于较高压力和温度，它能在其中起到密封关系。said annular seal ring having: 环形密封环有：a first outer annular surface adapted to be disposed adjacent the i
5、nterior wall of the pressure vessel joint;第一个外部环形表面适应于处理压力容器接头相邻的内壁。 a second outer annular surface formed adjoining said first outer annular surface and adapted to be disposed adjacent the interior surface of the pressure vessel joint; 第二个外部环形表面与第一个外部环形表面形成毗邻，适应于处理相邻的压力容器接头内表面TECHNICAL FIELD：技术领域Th
6、e field of this invention relates to high pressure seals, particularly for the type used for sealing joints of a high pressure vessel. 这项发明领域涉及高压密封，特别适用于密封高压容器这种类型的密封接头。PRIOR ART 现有技术高压垫圈或密封件，在不同操作压力下的密封件和压力容器这种密封关系上遇到许多困难。例如，如果一个高压垫片或密封件是用在一个粗糙的密封面，密封元件必须相应地柔软或容易弹性形变，从而为了适合这种不规律接触的常见情况下影响适当的密封元件的密封
7、面。High pressure gaskets or seals encounter numerous difficulties in insuring a sealable relation between the seal and the pressure vessel during operations of varying pressures. For example, if a high pressure gasket or seal is used on a rough sealing surface, the seal must accordingly be pliable or
8、 subject to plastic deformation in order to conform to the irregular contact sealing surfaces in such a fashion to affect an appropriate seal. However, gaskets that are typically pliable are not suitable for high temperature operations inasmuch as they are typically limited to temperatures of approx
9、imately 450 Fahrenheit. On the other hand, for temperature conditions that exceed the capacity of such pliable gaskets, typically metal gaskets are used. Such metal gaskets however require extremely fine surface faces that are difficult to achieve and even more difficult to maintain and service, irr
10、espective of the significant increase in costs encountered in producing such mirror-like surfaces. 然而，通常柔软的垫片不适合高温操作情况，因为它们通常限制在约为450华氏度的温度下。另一方面，由于温度条件超过了这种柔韧垫片和常见金属垫片承载能力。这种金属垫片却需要非常好的表面接触面，这是难以实现的，甚至更加难以维护和服务，更不论在生产这种镜面表面会显著增加成本。As a compromise, metal gaskets sealing on metal surfaces can be manu
11、factured to tolerate less than polished sealing surfaces when coated with a relatively soft coating material such as nickel, copper, gold, siver and the like. Such coatings are sufficiently plastic and pliable to fill in the irregularities of the sealing surface where a seal must necessarily be acco
12、mplished. In these circumstances, the coating must be thin and the amount of imperfection at irregularities permitted on the sealing surfaces must be small. Since such coatings are expensive, only small amounts of such coating materials may be used in order to minimize costs. 作为一种折衷办法，当涂有相对较软的材料时，如镍
13、，铜，金，银等，密封在金属表面的金属垫片可以制造成为容纳不到抛光程度的密封面。这种涂料有足够的塑性和韧性满足在一个密封操作必须完成的不规则密封面上。在这种情况下，涂料必须薄，而且在密封面不允许的缺陷的数量必须少。然而这种涂料是昂贵的，只用少量这种涂层材料可以用于降低成本。一些现有的高压密封技术，包括那些在美国公开的类型。编号3339787和3780901，其中披露各种密封类型以便在高压容器内实现流体关系。其他类型的密封件和配置用于在高压容器内显示美国专利。编号3895735，4009798，和4054224。然而，迄今所知，目前并没有制造成本低廉，能承受较高的温度和压力且可用于不光滑密封面或不
14、规则的密封表面，而不需要精确的厚度控制且通常昂贵的高压密封涂料。Some prior art high pressure seals include those types disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,339,787 and 3,780,901, which disclose various types of seals for effectuating a fluid-tight relation within a high pressure vessel. Other types of seals and configurations used within
15、 high pressure vessels are shown within U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,895,735, 4,009,798, and 4,054,224. However, so far as known, there is presently no inexpensive to manufacture, high pressure seal capable of withstanding high temperatures and pressures yet capable of being used on non-mirror-like, irregular s
16、ealing surfaces, while not requiring accurate thickness control of typically expensive coatings. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 本发明的概要It is an object of this invention to provide a new and useful pressure vessel seal capable of being used in high temperatures and under high pressures that will tolerate su
17、rface imperfections of the sealing surface, yet further are inexpensive to produce and manufacture. 这次本发明的目标是提供一种全新且有用的压力容器密封元件，能够用于高温和高压情况下，且能允许表面缺陷的密封面，还进一步是廉价的生产和制造品。The pressure vessel seal of the present invention is for sealing a pressure vessel joint of a pressure vessel and includes an annul
18、ar ring, a coating with the annular ring for engaging the pressure vessel for effectuating a sealable relation there between under varying pressure conditions, with the annular seal ring having first and second outer annular surfaces disposed adjacent to the pressure vessel, with coating reservoirs
19、formed with the outer annular surfaces adjacent to the extremeties thereof for receiving the coatings therein for permitting the coatings to sealably engage the pressure vessel joint while storing the coating for enhanced spring back of the coating under varying pressure conditions. 本发明的压力容器密封元件被用于密
20、封两个独立压力容器联合的接头，它包括一个圆环，圆环涂层用于在不同的压力条件下在压力容器中维持密封的关系，而环形密封环有第一和第二外环形表面来处理相邻的压力容器，形成涂层的外层和外部环形表面相邻的结构，用于接受其涂层，而在其中允许涂层密封啮合压力容器接头，同时存储涂层并增强涂层在不同压力条件的回弹。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 图纸的简要说明图1是压力容器的截面视图，它显示压力容器接头和本发明的压力容器密封在相邻压力容器接头的适当地方和更进一步显示本发明的泄露检测手段FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a pressure vesse
21、l showing a pressure vessel joint with the pressure vessel seal of the present invention in place adjacent the pressure vessel joint and further showing the leak detector means of the present invention; FIG. 2 is an enlarged, sectional view of the pressure vessel seal of the present invention shown
22、in FIG. 1; 图2是一个图1所示的本发明的压力容器密封的扩大截面视图。FIG. 3 is an enlarged, sectional view of the pressure vessel seal of the present invention similar to FIG. 2, however shown being fully deflected because of high pressure loading within the pressure vessel; 图3是与本发明相似于图2所示的压力容器密封的扩大截面视图，但被表现出完全偏转，由于高压作用在压力容器内。FI
23、G. 4 is a partial, sectional view of the extremity of the pressure vessel seal of the present invention, as assembled, with a no pressure environment within the pressure vessel; 图4是一个本发明的压力容器密封末端的部分剖视图，例如在一个没有压力的环境内装配的压力容器。FIG. 5 is a partial, sectional view of the extremity of the pressure vessel s
24、eal of the present invention, with a low pressure environment within the pressure vessel; 图5是本发明的压力容器密封末端在一个低压环境充斥于压力容器内的一个部分剖视图。FIG. 6 is a partial, sectional view of the extremity of the pressure vessel seal of the present invention, with a high pressure environment within the pressure vessel; 图6是
25、本发明的压力容器密封末端在一个高压环境充斥于压力容器内的一个部分剖视图。FIG. 7 is a partial, sectional view of the extremity of the pressure vessel seal of the present invention, with a no pressure environment within the pressure vessel, after loading the pressure vessel seal with high pressure as shown in FIG. 6. 图7是本发明的压力容器密封末端在压力容器
26、内是真空环境下的一个部分剖视图，在加载了压力容器密封如图6所示的高压之后。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 更具体完善的说明In the drawings, the letter S designates generally the pressure vessel seal S of the present invention. The pressure vessel seal S is for sealing a pressure vessel joint J of a pressure vessel P to prevent fluid mig
27、ration therebetween the pressure vessel seal S and the pressure vessel P. The pressure vessel seal S includes generally an annular seal ring R, coating means C with the annular seal ring R, and coating reservoir means M formed with the annular seal ring R. 在图纸中，字母S一般地指本发明压力容器密封S。压力容器密封S是密封一个压力容器P的压力
28、容器接头J，以防止压力容器密封S和压力容器P之间的液体流动。压力容器密封S通常包括一个环形密封环R，环形密封环R带有涂层工具C，和涂层储藏手段M形成环形密封环R。本发明的压力容器密封S是适合被用于一个压力容器P内。这种压力容器P是典型地由一种压力容器接头J以最好出现在图1的方式制成。压力容器P的压力容器接头J可能包括压力容器10,12部分，这部分通常是圆筒形状。压力容器的10部分可能包括接头齿距的10a,10b,10c,同时压力容器部分12包括接头齿距的12a,12b。最好的接头齿距10a,10b,10c,12a,12b在相交部分是本质兼用的结构和是装配了接头齿距12a适合在接头齿距10a，1
29、0b两者中。接头齿距12b适合在接头齿距10b,10c两者中。最好接头齿距12a,12b有一个轻微的锥度，这样压力容器10，12部分就可拉伸在一起，接合点齿距被挤成一个又一个。适当的固定销如14,16，被用于压力容器的10,12部分内的适当形成的开口里，确保压力容器10,12部分连接在一起。那固定销14,16也有轻微的锥度结构，这结构能增强图纸中容器10,12部分的紧固。The pressure vessel seal S of the present invention is adapted to be used within a pressure vessel P. Such pressu
30、re vessels P are typically made up in such a fashion that there is a pressure vessel joint J as best seen in FIG. 1. The pressure vessel joint J of the pressure vessel P may include the pressure vessel sections 10, 12 which are of a generally cylindrical shape. Pressure vessel section 10 may include
31、 joint fingers 10a, 10b, 10c while pressure vessel section 12 includes joint fingers 12a, 12b. Preferably joint fingers 10a, 10b, 10c, 12a, 12b are of a substantially compatible configuration in cross section and are configured such that the joint finger 12a fits between joint fingers 10a, 10b and j
32、oint finger 12b fits between joint finger 10b, 10c. Preferably, joint fingers 12a, 12b are of a slight taper such that as the pressure vessel sections 10, 12 are drawn together, the joint fingers are wedged into one another. Appropriate vessel pins such as 14, 16 are disposed within a suitably forme
33、d openings in the pressure vessel sections 10, 12 to secure the pressure vessel sections 10, 12 together. The vessel pins 14, 16 are also of a slight, tapered configuration which enhances the drawing together of the vessel sections 10, 12. For example, vessel pin 14 may be placed through opening 10d
34、 in joint finger 10a, opening 12c in joint finger 12a, opening 10e in joint finger 10b, into opening 12d formed in joint finger 12b, thereinto opening 10f formed within joint finger 10c of the pressure vessel P for securing the pressure vessel joint J together. The pressure vessel section 12 include
35、s an interior wall 12e which may include a protective layer 12f mounted adjacent thereto with such protective layer 12f adapted to protect the interior wall 12e of pressure vessel section 12 from the effects of the contents within the pressure vessel P. Pressure vessel section 10 is preferably forme
36、d having an interior surface 10 g as best seen in FIG. 2 disposed between annular surfaces 10h, 10i, with abutting surface 10j formed adjacent to annular surface 10h and adapted to be in close proximity to interior wall 12e. 例如，固定销14可能被放置于穿过接缝齿距10a中的10b的孔，接缝齿距12a中的12c的孔，接缝齿距10b中的10e的孔，穿过接缝齿距12b中的12d
37、的孔，其中穿过10f形成的孔，这孔在压力容器P的接缝齿距10c内，是为了使压力容器接头J的紧固性更安全。压力容器12部分包括内壁12e,可能还包括一个保护层12f安装在相邻地方，这样的保护层12f适用于保护压力容器12部分的内壁12e不受压力容器P内物料的影响。压力容器10部分有更好地形成的一个内表面10g，如在图2所示。被用于圆环表面10h,10i和相邻表面10j形成的相邻的圆环表面10h两者上，和被用于相邻的内壁12e上。本发明的压力容器密封元件S包括一个环形密封环R。环形密封环R包括环18.环18更好地形成有一个第一环形外表面18a,适用于处理相邻压力容器12部分的压力容器接缝J的内壁1
38、2e和一个第二环形外表面18b与第一环形外表面18a形成毗邻，18b被用于连接压力容器接缝J的内表面10g。凹腔18c形成在第一环形外表面18a与外端18d里和凹腔18e形成在第二环形外表面18b与外端18f里。形成在第一环形外表面18a的侧向部分18g是在凹腔18c和第一环形外表面18a的外端18d之间.The pressure vessel seal S of the present invention includes an annular seal ring R. The annular seal ring R includes ring 18. The ring 18 is pref
39、erably formed having a first outer annular surface 18a adapted to be disposed adjacent the interior wall 12e of pressure vessel section 12 of the pressure vessel joint J and a second outer annular surface 18b formed adjoining the first outer annular surface 18a and adapted to be disposed adjacent th
40、e interior surface 10g of the pressure vessel joint J. A first cavity 18c is formed in the first outer annular surface 18a adjacent outer extremity 18d and a second cavity 18e is formed in the second outer annular surface 18b adjacent the outer extremity 18f. A first undercut portion 18g is formed i
41、n the first outer annular surface 18a between the first cavity 18c and the outer extremity 18d of the first outer annular surface 18a. A second undercut portion 18h is formed from the second outer annular surface 18b between the second cavity 18e and outer extremity 18f of the second outer annular s
42、urface 18b. A first inner annular surface 18i is preferably formed adjacent outer extremity 18d with second inner annular surface 18j formed between the first inner annular surface 18i and outer extremity 18f. As a consequence, the annular seal ring R of the present invention is of a substantially q
43、uadrilateral configuration having two truncated end portions at the outer extremities 18d, 18f, with such quadrilateral configuration being substantially of that of a parallelogram. 形成在第二环形外表面18b的侧向部分18h是在第二凹腔18e和第二环形外表面18h的外端18f之间。第一环形内表面18i更好形成相邻的外端18d和第二环形内表面18j形成在第一环形内表面18i和外端18f之间。因此，本发明的环形密封环R
44、本质上是一个四边形结构，外端18d，18f里有两个斜截头的末端，这种四边形结构大体上是一个平行四边形。环18能由任何适合的高强度材料，如不锈钢，如任何适合的合金，或类似的，是最好的。这取决于本发明压力容器密封元件S受到压力容器P的环境里的影响。这一设想选择的材料必须耐腐蚀，耐高温，以及禁得住随着情况要求的高压。然而，材料应该在稍高的压力下是能够收缩的，却没有显示任何金属疲劳，开裂或类似的。如下文更详细的讨论。压力容器密封S的环形密封环R是由这些形成的，其中当压力容器P在较低压力条件下，第一环形外表面18a与压力容器接缝J的内壁12e有一个角度关系，以及环形密封环R的第二环形外表面18b，当压力
45、容器P在较低压力条件下，18b与压力容器接缝J的内壁10g有一个角度关系。这在环形密封环R和对应的密封表面10g两者间的配对角度，使压力容器接缝J的内壁12e与环形密封环R最少的一部分开始先接触，因此在高压时，只需要一个较低的预紧力。It is preferable that the ring 18 be formed of any suitable high strength material such as stainless steel, any suitable alloy, or the like, dependent upon the environment to which th
46、e pressure vessel seal S of the present invention is subjected to within the pressure vessel P. This contemplates selecting materials that must withstand corrosive effects, high temperatures, as well as high pressures as the situation demands. However, the material should be able to flex slightly un
47、der high pressures without demonstrating any metal fatigue, cracking or the like, as discussed more fully hereinbelow. The annular seal ring R of the pressure vessel seal S is formed such that the first outer annular surface 18a is at an angle with respect to the interior wall 12e of the pressure ve
48、ssel joint J when the pressure vessel P is under minimal pressure conditions and that the second outer annular surface 18b of the annular seal ring R is at an angle with respect to the interior surface 10g of the pressure vessel joint J when the pressure vessel P is under minimal pressure conditions
49、. This mating angle between the annular seal ring R and the corresponding sealing surfaces 10g, 12e of the pressure vessel joint J results in a minimum portion of the annular seal ring R contacting the pressure vessel joint J initially, hence requiring a lower preload while at high pressures. Thus, the annular seal ring R can flex and bend to lower bearing pressures adjacent the undercut areas 18g, 18h of the ring 18, as shown in FIG. 3. 因此，环形密封环R可以伸缩和弯