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1、v1.0 可编辑可修改Chapter 1 Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer主要内容heat (thermal energy) 、heat transfer 、thermodynamics 、total amount of heat transfer、heat transfer rate、 heat flux 、conduction 、 convection 、 radiation1) The first law of thermodynamics (conservation of energy principle)2) Heat balance equation
2、: a) closed system; b) open system (steady-flow)3) Fourier s law of heat conduction4) Newton s law of cooling5) Stefan-Boltzmann law主要专业词汇heat transfer 传热、热传递、传热学 thermodynamics 热 力学caloric 热素 specific heat 比热 mass flow rate质量流率1111显热heat fluxlatent heat 潜热 sensible heat 热流密度heat transfer rate 总热量热流
3、量total amount of heat transferconduction 导热 convection对流 radiation辐射diffusivity 热thermal conductivity 热导率 thermal 扩散率convection/combined heat transfer coefficient对流 / 综合换热系数emissivity 发射率 收率absorptivity 吸simultaneous heat transfer 复合换热Chapter 2 Heat Conduction Equation主要内容temperature field initial c
4、ondition heat transfer distribution、temperature gradient 、heat generation 、 boundary condition 、 steadytransientuniformnonuniformtemperature2-1)1) Fourier s law of heat conduction (2222equation (in coordinates)2-4)2) Heat conduction rectangularcylindricalspherical (2-2 、 2-3)3) Boundary conditions:(
5、a) Specified temperature B. C.b) Specified heat flux B. C. special case(dt/dx=0): insulation 、 thermal symmetry;c) Convection .d) Radiation .e) Interface .4) Average thermal conductivitykave ( 2-7)5) Solution of one-dimensional, steady heat conduction in plane walls 、 cylinders and spheres (k =const
6、) ：a) no heat generation, specified .:T(x) or T(r)( 2-5)Q(x) or Q( r), Q=constb) with heat generation, Specified . or Convection . :( 2-6)2? Tmax=To- Ts= gs /2 nk ;q( x)= gx/ n;Ts=T +gs/nhcharacteristic lengthS, shape factor n:plane walls s = L (half thickness ), n = 1cylinderss = r o, n = 23333sphe
7、ress = ro, n =3: Solve a heat transfer problem1) Mathematical formulation (differential equation & .)2) General solution of equation3) Application of Unique solution of the problem主要专业词汇temperature fielddistribution 温度场 分布 temperature gradient 温度梯度heat generation 热生成 (热源) initialboundary condition 初
8、始 边界条件transient heat transfer瞬态(非稳态 )传热isothermalsurface 等温面Heat conduction differential equation 导热微分方程trial and error method 试 算 法iterate 迭 代convergence 收敛Chapter 3 Steady Heat Conduction主要内容multilayercomposite wall overall heat transfer coefficient U thermal resistance Rt thermal contact resistan
9、ceRc critical radiusof insulation Rcrfin efficiencyfin effectiveness4444Multiplayer plane wall、cylinders and spheres:Fin: fin equationrefer to the attachment.1) Uniform cross-section: refer to the attachment.2) Varying cross-section:refer to the attachment.主要专业词汇thermal resistance 热阻parallel并联inseri
10、es 串联thermal contact resistance接触热阻compositewall 复合壁面thermal grease热脂 cross-section横截面temperature execess过余温度hyperbolic 双曲线的exponent指数fin 肋（翅）片fin base肋基fin tip肋端fin efficiency肋效率fin effectiveness肋片有效度Chapter 4 Transient Heat ConductionLc=V/A)主要内容lumped system analysis characteristic length (Biot nu
11、mber (Bi= hLc / k) Fourier number ( = at/ L)Bi0, lumped system analysis (4-1)Bi0, Heisler/Grober charts OR analytical expressions4-3)1-D： a) infinite large plane walls, long cylinders and spheres ( 4-2)b) semi-infinite solids (5555multidimensional: product solution (4-4)主要专业词汇lumped system analysis
12、集总参数法characteristic length特征长度（尺dimension 量纲 nondimensionalize寸）无量纲化 dimensionless quantity量无量纲semi-infinite solid半无限大固体complementary error function误差余函数series 级数 production solution乘积解Chapter 5 Numerical Methods in Heat Conduction主要内容control volume (energy balance) method、 finite difference method
13、、discretization 、 node 、 space step 、 time step 、mesh Biot number 、mesh Fourier number 、 mirror image concept 、explicit/implicit method、 stability criterion (primary coefficients0)Numerical error: 1) discretization/truncation error; 2) round-off errorNumerical solution:1) Discretization in space and
14、 time (x, t);2) Build all nodes finite difference formulations (including interior and boundary nodes);difference methodbalance method . Control Volume method)3) Solution of nodal difference eqs. of heat conduction;method: Gaussian Eliminationmethod: Gauss-Seidel iteration6666主要专业词汇control volume 控制
15、容积finite difference有限差分Taylor series expression泰勒级数展开式mirror image concept镜像法Elimination method消元法direct/iterativemethod 直接 / 迭代方法 explicit/implicitmethod 显式 / 隐式格式stability criterion稳定性条件 primary coefficients主系数unconditionally 无条件地 algebraic eq.代数方程discretization/truncation error离散 / 截断误差 round-off
16、 error舍入误差Chapter 6 、 7 Forced Convection and NaturalConvection主要内容Nu、 Re、 Gr、PrForce/natural convection 、 external/internalflow 、 velocity/thermal boundary layerflow regimes 、 laminar/turbulent flowhydrodynamic/thermal entry region 、 fully developed regionCritical Reynolds Number (Rec) 、 hydraulic
17、diameter (Dh) 、Tln)film temperature (Tf ) 、 bulk mean fluid temperature (Tb)logarithmic mean temperature difference (7777volume expansion coefficient ( = 1/ T)Keff = KNu)effective thermal conductivity (Drag forceFD = CfAV2/2Heat transfer rate ： Q = hA(T s-T )3 Typical Convection Phenomena:1) Forced
18、convection ： external flow flow over flat plates (6-4) flowacross cylinders and spheres ( 6-5)internal flow flow in tubes ( 6-6)2) Natural convectionflow over surfaces (7-2)flow inside enclosures ( 7-3)主要专业词汇Force/natural convection自然 / 强制对流laminar/turbulent flowboundary layer边界层 laminar sublayer层流底
19、层 buffer layer层 / 湍流缓冲层transition region过渡区 flow regimes 流态8888inertia/viscous force惯性/粘性力 shear stress 剪切应力friction/drag coefficient 摩擦 / 阻力系数 friction factor 摩擦因子dynamic/kinematic viscous 动力 / 运动粘度wake 尾流 stagnation point滞止点 flow separation 流体分离vortex 漩涡 rotational motion 环流 velocity fluctuation 速
20、度脉动 hydrodynamic 水动力学的 hydraulic diameter 水力直径 fully developed region 充分发展段 volume flow rate 体积流量 arithmetic/logarithmic mean temperature difference 算术 / 对数平均温差 volume expansion coefficient 体积膨胀系数 interferometer 干涉仪 asymptotic 渐近线的effective thermal conductivity 有效热导率analogical method 类比法 integral ap
21、proach 积分近似法order of magnitude analysis 数量级分析法 similarity principle 相似原理Chapter 9 Radiation Heat Transfer主要内容9999black body 、gray body 、diffuse surface 、 emissive power ( E) emissivity ( ) 、absorptivity ( ) 、reflectivity( ) 、transmissivity ( )irradiation( G) 、radiosity( J) 、reradiating(adiabatic) su
22、rface view factor (Fij ) 、radiation network 、space resistance 、surface resistance radiation shieldgas radiation 、transparent mediumt o radiation 、absorbing and transmitting mediumBlackbody ： (1) Plank s law(2) Stefan-Boltzmann s law(3) Wien s displacement lawGraybody：(4) Kirchhoff s lawActual body ：
23、E ( T) = Eb(T) = T4 W/m 2Gas：(5) Beers law3Calculation:1) View factor ：reciprocity/summation/superposition/symmetry Rule crossed-strings method2) Radiation heat transfer： Radiation networkOpen system： between two surface . two large parallel plates) Enclosure ： 2-surface enclosure；3-surface enclosur
24、eRadiation shield主要专业词汇thermal radiation 热辐射、quantum theory 量子理论、 index of refraction 折 射系数electromagnetic wave/spectrum 电磁波 / 波谱、 ultraviolet (UV) rays 紫外 线、 infrared (IR) rays红外线absorptivity 吸 收率、 reflectivity反射 率、 transmissivity透射 率、emissivity ( ) 发射率(黑度) 、specular/diffuse reflection镜反射/ 漫反投入辐射、
25、radiosity 有效辐射射 irradiation (incident radiation)10101010spectral/directional/total emissive power单色/ 定向/ 总 辐射力fraction of radiation energy 辐射能量份额 (辐射比) 、blackbody radiation function 黑体辐射函数view factor 辐射角系数、 crossed-strings method 交叉线法、 reciprocity/summation/superposition/symmetry Rule相互/ 完整/ 和分/ 对称性
26、net radiation heat transfer 净辐射热流量radiation network 辐射网络图、 space/surface radiation resistance 空间 / 表面辐射热阻、reradiating surface 重辐射面、 adiabatic 绝热的 radiation shield遮热板transparent medium to radiation辐射透热体、 absorbing and transmitting medium吸收- 透过性介质Chapter 10 Heat Exchangers主要内容heat exchanger type doubl
27、e-pipe 、 compact 、 shell-and-tubeplate-and-frame 、regenerative heat exchanger parallel/counter/cross/multipass flowoverall heat transfer coefficient (U) fouling factor (Rf)heat capacity rate capacity ration log mean temperature difference (Tlm)heat transfer effectiveness ( )number of transfer units
28、(NTU)1) heat balance eq.:Q = Ch ( Th,inTh,out )= Cc( Tc,outTc,in )2) heat transfer eq.:Q = UATlm( LMTD method)or Q =Qmax = Cmin ( Th,in C Tc,in )-NTU method)3Methods:111111111) LMTD Method：select a heat exchanger Known: Ch、 Cc、3T Predict: 1 T、 Q、A2) - NTUM ethod： evaluate the performance of a specif
29、ied heat exchanger Known: Ch、 Cc 、 UA、 Th,in 、Tc,inPredict: Q、Th,out 、 Tc,out主要专业词汇double-pipe/compact/shell-and-tube/plate-and-frame/regenerative heat exchanger套管式/紧凑式/ 壳管式/ 板式/蓄热(再生)式换热器 parallel/counter/cross/multipass flow顺流/ 逆流/ 叉流/ 多程流area density 面积密度 tube/shell pass 管程/ 壳程 static/dynamic type 静 / 动态型baffle 挡板 header 封头 nozzle 管嘴 guide bar 导向杆 porthole 孔 口gasket 垫圈 lateral侧面的 / 横向的fouling factor 污垢因子 heat capacity rate水当量heat transfer effectiveness ( ) 传热有效度number of transfer units (NTU)传热单元数12121212