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1、Seminar for Carriage of Dangerous Goods 05 July 2002GL ASEA BusanY. S. KimBrief InstructionThere is a tremendous variety of dangerous cargoes being carried on seagoing ships, to some extent in very large quantities. Dangerous goods are mainly mineral oils and products of the chemical industry which
2、may represent a danger for the crew, the ship and environment. This has been taken account by the IMO in the international Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, SOLAS. The carriage of dangerous goods in general is dealt with in SOLAS Chapter VII, covering chemical tankers in Part B, gas carriers
3、 in Part C and the carriage of dangerous goods in packaged form or in solic form in bulk is contained in Part A.Part A of SOLAS Chapter VII contains general requirements covering mainly operational aspects and applies to all ships, including cargo shipes of less than 500 gross tons, carrying dangero
4、us goods. Part A of SOLAS Chapter VII is the legal base for the “International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code“ (IMDG Code) and the “Code of Safety Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes“ (BC Code). There codes contain the specific requirements with regard to packing, labelling , stowage, segregation and oth
5、er operational aspects.In Regulation 2 of SOLAS Chapter VII, Part A dangerous goods are classified according to their specific properties:Class 1ExplosiveClass 2.1Flammable GasesClass 2.2 Non-flammable GasesClass 2.3Poisonous GasesClass 3.1/3.2Flammable liquids with flash point of 23C and belowClass
6、 3.3Flammable liquids with flash point above 23C up to 61CClass 4.1Flammable solidsClass 4.2Substances liable to spontaneous combustionClass 4.3Substances, which, in contact with water, emit flammable gasesClass 5.1Oxidizing substancesClass 5.2Organic substancesClass 6.1Toxic substancesClass 6.2Infe
7、ctious substancesClass 7Radioactive materialsClass 8Corrosives (liquids and solid forms)Class 9Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articlesFor the details of the classification of the dangerous goods, refer to IMGD Code Para.5 as attached.Dangerous substances in packaged form are to be shipped in
8、 approved packagings as specified in the IMDG code for each substance individually, including a limitation of the filling capacity. Common packagings are boxes, drums, pressure cylinders etc. These parcelled goods are either be stowed directly in the cargo hold or inside a freight container. Goods s
9、towed in tank containers, bulk containers or big bags are considered packaged as well. Please note that bulk cargoes mean cargoes which are intended to be transported without any intermediate form of containment in bulk packagings or portable tanks.Stowage requirements specify, among other things, r
10、estrictions related to the distance to living quarters and to engine room boundaries, or whether on deck or under deck stowage is permitted or stowage on passenger ships.Segregation is required for incompatible goods like substances, which stowed together, present a risk for undue hazards in case of
11、 leakage or spillage.Regulations and ProvisionSOLAS II-2, Reg. 54Specific requirements for ships carrying dangerous goodsThese regulations specify the required installations and equipment in the cargo spaces for the individual cargoesSOLAS VII, Part ACarriage of dangerous goods in packaged form or i
12、n solid form in bulk.Application of the Rules and classification of the various goods. General information regarding packaging, marking, labelling, documents and stowage. IMDG CodeInternational Maritime Dangerous Goods CodeSpecific provisions for each individual cargo with respect to packing, stowag
13、e and segregation duing the transport. To be onboard if goods in packaged form are carried.BC CodeCode of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk CargoesSpecific provisions for each individual cargo with respect to stowage and segregation during the transport. To be onboard if buldk cargopes are carried.INF Co
14、deCode for the safe carriage of irradiated nuclear fuel, plutoniym and high-level radioactive wastes in flasks on board ships. INF 1, INF 2, INF-3 dependent on the total radioactive quantity.Class 7, not covered by SOLAS II-2, Reg. 54.As indicated in the list of classes some goods are dangerous on a
15、ccount of their features (e.g. explosive or poisonous products). Other goods constitute a hazard during the transport if they get in touch with other materials and thereby a chemeical reaction is caused, e.g. development of ignitable or toxic gases after contact with water. Therefore,the cargo space
16、s concerned have to be provided with the fire protection and safety systems dependent on the scheme of the carriage of dangerous goods as specifified on SOLAS Chapter II-2, Regualtion 54 in order to cope with dangerous situations which may evolve.It should be noted that a ship need not to comply wit
17、h all the requirements indicated in the SOLAS II-2, Regulation 54. The classes of dangerous goods which may be carried and possible restrictions are ascertained on the basis of the arrangements and equipment provided for each space and such stated in the “Document of Compliance for the Carriage of D
18、angerous Goods (Dangerous Goods Certificate)“.As attached, our Rules Chapter 2, Section 12, The tables 12.7 and 12.8 are used to determine the requirements to be fulfilled for particular classes of dangerous goods to be carried in a particular type of cargo space.Specific Requirements for the Carria
19、ge of Dangerous GoodsGeneral information regarding the application of the Special Requirements of Regulation 54 of SOLAS II-2 according to the scope of dangerous goods to be carried.The scope of dangerous goods, which may be carried, depends on the vessels outfitting.A.Transport of Dangerous Goods (
20、D.G.) in package formA minimum of such requirements as detailed here below has to be met in case D.G. in packaged form shall be carried in a cargo hold:1.All cargo holds to be fitted with a fixed fire extinguishing system(conventional/container/bulk cargo spaces: CO2 system)special category spaces,
21、open ro/ro spaces and alike: water spraying system2.Immediate availability of water for fire fighting by remote start of the fire pumps from the wheelhouse3.Hydrants to be arranged such that any part of the empty cargo space can be reached with four jets of water simultaneously. Two of the jets shal
22、l be supplied via single length of hose each, two may be supplied via two coupled hose lengths. This requirement applies also to the cargo weather deck designated for the stowage of D.G.4.Approved fire detection system for the cargo holds (in case of class 1 on weather deck also applicable to the ca
23、rgo hold beneath)5.Four sets of chemical protective clothing6.Two additional breathing apparatus with spare charges acc. to flag state requirements 6000 ltrs. each for German flag., but not less than two7.Additional dry powder fire extinguishers total 12 kg per hold (not required in container cargo
24、holds, but also for weather deck stowage)With foregoing equipment the following may be carried in the cargo hold(s):IMO ClassRestrictions1.4.Snone2.2none3.3none4.1except substances for which the IMDG code stipulates stowage in a mechanically ventilated space4.2except substances for which the IMDG co
25、de stipulates stowage in a mechanically ventilated space5.1except substances for which the IMDG code stipulates stowage in a mechanically ventilated space6.1except liquids and except substances for which the IMDG code stipulates stowage in a mechanically ventilated space8except liquids with flash po
26、int 61C9except substances for which the IMDG code stipulates stowage in a mechanically ventilated spaceProvided additional dry powder fire extinguishers of total 12 kg are available dedicated to the use in the cargo deck area all classes of D.G. may be carried on weather deck.8.For the carriage of f
27、lammable gases (class 2.1), toxic gases (class 2.3), substances of IMO class 4.3, liquids of class 6 and 8 with flash point 61C, but above 23C and for the carriage of those goods for which the IMDG code requires stowage in a mechanically ventilated space, the cargo hold is to be provided with mechan
28、ical exhaust ventilation giving 6 air changes per hour based on the empty hold. This applies also to goods of IMO classes 4.1, 4.2 and 5.1 if stowage in a mechanically ventilated space is stipulated in the IMDG code. The ventilation ducts shall be arranged such that approximately 1/3 of the air volu
29、me is removed from the upper and 2/3 lower part of the cargo hold. The ventilation may be reduced to two air changes per hour in case of container cargo spaces and if these goods are carried in closed freight containers.The inlet (if supply fans are provided) and outlet ventilation openings are to b
30、e fitted with wire mesh guards not exceeding 13mm mesh to prevent foreign objects from entering into the fan casing.9.With ventilation acc. to 8. and ex-proof electrical equipment of explosion group IIB, temperature class T4 and grade of protection IP 55, also the flammable gases (class 2.1) with th
31、e exception of Hydrogen and mixtures thereof may be carried in the hold. It should be noted that all electrical equipment coming into contact with hold atmosphere has to meet this requirement (lighting, fire detection system, ventilators etc.).The carriage also of Hydrogen and mixtures thereof would
32、 require ex-proof installation of IIC T4. Lighting is not a requirement of the Rules nor SOLAS. Lighting or any other electrical equipment, unless required by the Regulations or in connection with the transport of D.G., may be isolated during the transport of goods requiring ex-proof electrical equi
33、pment.10.With ventilation according to 8., ex-proof installation according to 9. and an additional fixed bilge system for the removal of D.G. spills, the classes 3.1, 3.2, 6.1 and 8 may be carried without restrictions.11.In case of IMO-class 1, except 1.4.S, the following would have to be provided i
34、n addition to the basic requirements as per items 1. - 10:electrical equipment of at least IIB T5, IP 65 (only for goods liable to emit explosive dust or vapour)water spraying system for the part where class 1 is to be stowed (5 litres/m2 min)a machinery space bulkhead adjoining the cargo hold is to
35、 be insulated to A-60 standard.12.In a cargo hold adjoining the machinery space various IMO classes have to be stowed 3m away from the machinery space bulkhead, unless it is insulated to A-60 standard. For details please refer to the Rules. This requirement, however, is not applicable to container c
36、argo holds.In case of IMO class 1 (except 1.4.S) however, the A-60 fire protection insulation is mandatory for the machinery space bulkhead adjoining a cargo hold. In addition, these goods have to be stowed 3 m away from the machinery space bulkhead.13.Note:IMO-class 5.2 never is permitted to be car
37、ried in a hold regardless of any equipment fitted. This sub-class is allowed on deck only.14.Carriage of containers on Non-weathertight Hatch covers With regard to the carriage of containers on non-weathertight hatch covers, potential hazards have been identified in case of dangerous goods of which
38、leaked liquids may enter into the container cargo hold and for dangerous goods for which the IMDG code requires “on deck stowage” only.For newbuildings intended for the carriage containers on non-weathertight hatch covers with gaps, followings shall be observed:a. IACS LL 64From the carriage of dang
39、erous goods point of view, he main items are:- the gaps shall not exceed 50 mm- to minimise the entry of leaked liquids into the container cargo hold, effective provisions (e.g. gutter bars) shall be provided in way of the gaps- the requirement CO2 quantity for the cargo hold is to be increased by a
40、t least 10 %b. In accordance with interpretation, para 9 of LL64 need not to be observed under following conditions:1. Stowage of containers on the hatch covers inside the gutter bars, i.e. without bridging the gaps: no further requirement2. Stowage of containers above gaps, i.e. by bridging the gap
41、s:Additional drainage recess, e.g. recessed labyrinth arrangement, shall be provided between the hatch covers.c. Mechanical ventilation in the cargo holds shall be provided. The kind of ventilation (exhaust or overpressure ventilation) should be selected as follows:1. For container cargo holds fitte
42、d with certified safe electrical equipment of at least IIBT4 IP55 and ventilation giving at least 2 air changes per hour, GL recommends mechanical ventilation of exhaust type which we deem more effective in case of leakage of dangerous goods from containers stowed within the hold. Should any gases o
43、r vapour from the “on deck only” cargo be drawn into the hold it will be diluted sufficiently so that together with the forementioned standard of electrical protection there should be no risk of ignition.2. Overpressure ventilation of the cargo holds beneath should be required only if the cargo hold
44、s are not equipped for the carriage of flammable gases and liquids with flash point below 23 C (that means e.g. no certified safe electrical equipment). An air change rate of at least 2/hr shall be provided and continuous ventilation should be maintained throughout the holds if such cargoes are stow
45、ed on the hatches.For details regarding the individual requirements please refer to the Rules.B.Transport of Solid Dangerous Goods in BulkIn case a vessel shall also be suitable for the carriage of solid D.G. in bulk the following is to be applied:1.If fitted with equipment as per items 1., 2., 3.,
46、5. and 6., the following classes can be carried in bulk:5.1 Separation to engine room bulkhead in accordance with BC code., 6.1, 8 and 9 12.Mechanical ventilation is mandatory only for a limited number of bulk cargoes. For details please refer to the Rules.3.A fire detection system as per item 4. is
47、 not required in case of solid D.G. in bulk. 4.The CO2 system may be exempted on application in case of bulk cargoes which are non-combustible or of low fire risk or for which CO2 is deemed to be ineffective (IMO MSC/Circ.671).5.Class 4.1 In a cargo hold adjoining a machinery space stowage at least
48、3m away from engine room bulkhead, unless it is insulated to A-60 standard. in bulk would require electrical equipment of at least IP 55, max. surface temperature 200C or T3, IP 55 (sulphur T4, IP55).6.For class 4.2 1 in bulk only for some goods the electrical equipment must be of at least IIA T2, IP55.7. For class 4.3 1 in bulk following requirements shall be complied with:- The electrical equipment must be of at least IIC T1 (ferrosilicon), oth