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1、新人教版七年级上册数学第4章_几何图形初步全章教案第四章 几何图形初步 4.1 几何图形 ? 4.1.1 立体图形与平面图形 一、教学目标 1、知识与技能 (1)初步了解立体图形和平面图形的概念. (2)能从具体物体中抽象出长方体、正方体、球、圆锥、棱锥、棱柱等立体图形;能举出类似长方体、正方体、球、圆锥、棱锥、棱柱的物体实体. 2、过程与方法 (1)过程:在探索实物与立体图形关系的活动过程中，对具体图形进行概括，发展几何直觉. (2)方法:能从具体事物中抽象出几何图形，并用几何图形描述一些现实中的物体. 3、情感、态度、价值观:形成主动探究的意识，丰富学生数学活动的成功体验，激发学生对几何图
2、形的好奇心，发展学生的审美情趣. 二、教学重点、难点: 教学重点:常见几何体的识别 教学难点:从实物中抽象几何图形. 三、教学过程 1.创设情境，导入新课. 让我们一起来看看北京奥运会奥运村模型图(出示章前图) 展示丰富多彩的图形世界. 2直观感知，识别图形 (1)对于各种各样的物体,数学中关注是它们的形状、大小和位置. (2)展示一个长方体教具，让学生分别从整体和局部抽象出几何图形.观察长方体教具的外形，从整体上看，它的形状是长方体，看不同的侧面，得到的是正方形或长方形，只看棱、顶点等局部，得到的是 线段、点. (3)观察其他的实物教具(或图片)让学生从中抽象出圆柱，球，圆等图 should
3、 be tightened, no loose, Terminal Board wiring should be one on each side, no more than two. J, shielded wire, spare wire binding order, reliable grounding. 7.7 quality standard 7.7.l cables through the cable embedded tube making use of galvanized steel pipe, tube ends without burrs, smooth. 7.7.2 p
4、ipe does not allow bending, bending the bend radius should be ? 4 times times the outer diameter of the tube in. 7.7.3 ellipticity of a bent tube, pipe diameter ? 60mm, not 8%, diameter 760mm, not 6%. 7.7.4 making cables buried piping application root production, growing where interface is required,
5、 only straight pipe, only the wire port connections, welded connections are not allowed. 7.7.5 service sleeve should have a good grounding. 7.7.6 cable trays installation, burrs and dirt and corrosion treatment should be carried out, install the bridge . 7.8.1.7 piping and piping, equipment and equi
6、pment or piping and other equipment shall have sufficient expansion gap in hot situations. 7.8.1.8 metal temperature of the insulating layer (hot) = shell-wall temperature of environment temperature ? 40 ? c. 7.8.2 paint 7.8.2.l paint of equipment and pipelines should have at least a primer (red pai
7、nt) and finish. 7.8.2.2 paint appearance color uniform, without paint, rust, flaking, wrinkles, flow marks, scum, paint particles and visible brush marks. 7.8.2.3 interlayer should be tight and without stratification. 7.8.2.4 pipelines asphalt, fiber glass fabric corrosion, external appearance shoul
8、d never show surrounded by glass fiber cloth uniform, dense, painted pitch inspection should be no delamination, cavitation, homogeneity of asphalt coating, brushing each layer thickness in accordance with design requirements. Standard 7.9 7.9 structure placement process. 1 fair-faced concrete is a
9、concrete surface without any decoration, structure appearance quality of concrete structure that is able to display strength and aesthetic perception of quality standards. Construction technology requirements are as follows: template template Panel selection and processing require plate high strengt
10、h, good toughness and 形. (4)引导学生得出几何图形、立体图形、平面图形的概念. 我们把从实物中抽象出的各种图形统称为几何图形.比如长方体，长方形 ，圆柱，线段，点，三角形，四边形等.几何图形是数学研究的主要对象之一. 有些几何体的各部分不都在同一平面内，它们是立体图形.如长方体，立方体等. 有些几何图形和各部分都在同一平面内，它们是平面图形.如线段，角，长方形，圆等. 3. 实践探究. (1) 引导学生观察帐篷,金字塔的图片,从面抽象出棱柱,棱锥. (2)你能说说圆柱与棱柱,圆锥与棱锥的区别吗? (3)你能再举一些圆柱、棱柱、圆锥、棱锥的实例吗, (4)下图中实物的形
11、状对应哪些立体图形?把相应的实物与图形用线连起来 4.小结 这节课你有什么收获? 5.作业设计 课本第123页习题4.1第1、2题; should be tightened, no loose, Terminal Board wiring should be one on each side, no more than two. J, shielded wire, spare wire binding order, reliable grounding. 7.7 quality standard 7.7.l cables through the cable embedded tube maki
12、ng use of galvanized steel pipe, tube ends without burrs, smooth. 7.7.2 pipe does not allow bending, bending the bend radius should be ? 4 times times the outer diameter of the tube in. 7.7.3 ellipticity of a bent tube, pipe diameter ? 60mm, not 8%, diameter 760mm, not 6%. 7.7.4 making cables buried
13、 piping application root production, growing where interface is required, only straight pipe, only the wire port connections, welded connections are not allowed. 7.7.5 service sleeve should have a good grounding. 7.7.6 cable trays installation, burrs and dirt and corrosion treatment should be carrie
14、d out, install the bridge . 7.8.1.7 piping and piping, equipment and equipment or piping and other equipment shall have sufficient expansion gap in hot situations. 7.8.1.8 metal temperature of the insulating layer (hot) = shell-wall temperature of environment temperature ? 40 ? c. 7.8.2 paint 7.8.2.
15、l paint of equipment and pipelines should have at least a primer (red paint) and finish. 7.8.2.2 paint appearance color uniform, without paint, rust, flaking, wrinkles, flow marks, scum, paint particles and visible brush marks. 7.8.2.3 interlayer should be tight and without stratification. 7.8.2.4 p
16、ipelines asphalt, fiber glass fabric corrosion, external appearance should never show surrounded by glass fiber cloth uniform, dense, painted pitch inspection should be no delamination, cavitation, homogeneity of asphalt coating, brushing each layer thickness in accordance with design requirements.
17、Standard 7.9 7.9 structure placement process. 1 fair-faced concrete is a concrete surface without any decoration, structure appearance quality of concrete structure that is able to display strength and aesthetic perception of quality standards. Construction technology requirements are as follows: te
18、mplate template Panel selection and processing require plate high strength, good toughness and 第125页习题4.1第7、8题。 ? 4.1.1 几何图形(二) 一、教学目标 知识与技能 1(能识别简单几何体的三种视图. 2(会画简单立体图形及其它们的简单组合的三种视图. 3(进一步认识立体图形与平面图形之间的关系. 4(引导学生把所学的数学知识应用到生活中去，解决身边的数学问题. 5.过程与方法 在从不同方向看立体图形的活动过程中，体验立体图形与平面图形之间的相互转化，从而建立空间观念，发展几何直觉
19、. 6.情感、态度、价值观 1)(通过活动，形成学生主动探究的意识，丰富学生数学活动的成功经验，激发学生对几何图形的好奇心和对学习的自信心. 2)(从实物出发，让学生感受到图形世界的无处不在，提高学生学习数学的热情. 二、重点与难点 重点: 1.在观察的过程中初步体会从不同方向观察同一物体可能看到不同的结果. 2.能识别简单物体的三视图，会画简单立体图形及其它们组合的三种视图. 难点: 1.在面和体的转换中丰富几何直觉和数学活动经验，发展空间观念 2.能识别简单物体的三视图，会画简单立体图形及其它们组合的三种视图. 三、教学过程 1.创设情景，引入新课 (1)请欣赏漫画并思考 :为什么会出现争
20、执, (2) “横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同.不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中.”这是宋代诗人苏轼的著名诗句(题西林壁).你能说出“横看成岭侧成峰”中蕴含的数学道理吗, 2.新课学习 (1)不同角度看直棱柱、圆柱、圆锥、球 should be tightened, no loose, Terminal Board wiring should be one on each side, no more than two. J, shielded wire, spare wire binding order, reliable grounding. 7.7 quality standard 7.7.
21、l cables through the cable embedded tube making use of galvanized steel pipe, tube ends without burrs, smooth. 7.7.2 pipe does not allow bending, bending the bend radius should be ? 4 times times the outer diameter of the tube in. 7.7.3 ellipticity of a bent tube, pipe diameter ? 60mm, not 8%, diame
22、ter 760mm, not 6%. 7.7.4 making cables buried piping application root production, growing where interface is required, only straight pipe, only the wire port connections, welded connections are not allowed. 7.7.5 service sleeve should have a good grounding. 7.7.6 cable trays installation, burrs and
23、dirt and corrosion treatment should be carried out, install the bridge . 7.8.1.7 piping and piping, equipment and equipment or piping and other equipment shall have sufficient expansion gap in hot situations. 7.8.1.8 metal temperature of the insulating layer (hot) = shell-wall temperature of environ
24、ment temperature ? 40 ? c. 7.8.2 paint 7.8.2.l paint of equipment and pipelines should have at least a primer (red paint) and finish. 7.8.2.2 paint appearance color uniform, without paint, rust, flaking, wrinkles, flow marks, scum, paint particles and visible brush marks. 7.8.2.3 interlayer should b
25、e tight and without stratification. 7.8.2.4 pipelines asphalt, fiber glass fabric corrosion, external appearance should never show surrounded by glass fiber cloth uniform, dense, painted pitch inspection should be no delamination, cavitation, homogeneity of asphalt coating, brushing each layer thick
26、ness in accordance with design requirements. Standard 7.9 7.9 structure placement process. 1 fair-faced concrete is a concrete surface without any decoration, structure appearance quality of concrete structure that is able to display strength and aesthetic perception of quality standards. Constructi
27、on technology requirements are as follows: template template Panel selection and processing require plate high strength, good toughness and 让学生分别从正面、左面、右面，上面等各个角度观察:正方体木块，长方体木块，三棱镜，六角扳手，易拉罐，排球,圆锥，由浅入深，体会从不同方向看直棱柱、圆柱、圆锥、球等立体图形得到的平面图形，难点是在体会曲面的透视图，让学生交流、体验，集体作出小结.(可以给出三个视图的名称) (2)猜一猜，看一看 ?.左看右看上看下看一个物
28、体都是圆?(猜一物体) ?.什么物体左看右看上看下看都是正方形,若是长方形呢,(各猜一物体) ?.桌上放着一个圆锥和圆柱，请说出下面三幅图是分别从哪个方向看到的. (3) 分别从不同方向观察以下实物(茶叶盒、魔方、书、乒乓球等)，你看到了什么图形? 你能一一画下来吗7(画出示意图即可) (4)(从不同角度看简单的组合图形，由少数组合逐步加多)如下图，画出下列几何体分别从正面、左面，上面看，得到的平面图形.(学生独立思考、合作交流，最后从模型上得到验证) 3.实践与探究 (1) 上图是一个由9个正方体组成的立体图形，分别从正面、左面、上面观察这个图形，各能得到什么图形, (2)再试一试，画出它的
29、三视图( should be tightened, no loose, Terminal Board wiring should be one on each side, no more than two. J, shielded wire, spare wire binding order, reliable grounding. 7.7 quality standard 7.7.l cables through the cable embedded tube making use of galvanized steel pipe, tube ends without burrs, smoo
30、th. 7.7.2 pipe does not allow bending, bending the bend radius should be ? 4 times times the outer diameter of the tube in. 7.7.3 ellipticity of a bent tube, pipe diameter ? 60mm, not 8%, diameter 760mm, not 6%. 7.7.4 making cables buried piping application root production, growing where interface i
31、s required, only straight pipe, only the wire port connections, welded connections are not allowed. 7.7.5 service sleeve should have a good grounding. 7.7.6 cable trays installation, burrs and dirt and corrosion treatment should be carried out, install the bridge . 7.8.1.7 piping and piping, equipme
32、nt and equipment or piping and other equipment shall have sufficient expansion gap in hot situations. 7.8.1.8 metal temperature of the insulating layer (hot) = shell-wall temperature of environment temperature ? 40 ? c. 7.8.2 paint 7.8.2.l paint of equipment and pipelines should have at least a prim
33、er (red paint) and finish. 7.8.2.2 paint appearance color uniform, without paint, rust, flaking, wrinkles, flow marks, scum, paint particles and visible brush marks. 7.8.2.3 interlayer should be tight and without stratification. 7.8.2.4 pipelines asphalt, fiber glass fabric corrosion, external appea
34、rance should never show surrounded by glass fiber cloth uniform, dense, painted pitch inspection should be no delamination, cavitation, homogeneity of asphalt coating, brushing each layer thickness in accordance with design requirements. Standard 7.9 7.9 structure placement process. 1 fair-faced con
35、crete is a concrete surface without any decoration, structure appearance quality of concrete structure that is able to display strength and aesthetic perception of quality standards. Construction technology requirements are as follows: template template Panel selection and processing require plate h
36、igh strength, good toughness and (3)怎样画得又快又准? (4)用6个相同的小方块搭成一个几何体,它的俯视图如图所示.则一共有几种不同形状的搭法(你可以用实物模型动手试一试)? 4.参考练习 (?)图，桌上放着一个球和一个圆柱，下面a、b、c、d、e这五幅图分别是从什么方向看到的, (?)一个正方体中，截去一个小正方体的立体图如图所示，从左面观察这个图形，得到的平面图形是 ( ) (3)一个由8个正方体组成的立体图形，从正面和上面观察这个图形时，得到的平面图形如图所示，那么从左面观察这个图形时，得到的平面图形可能是 ( ) should be tightene
37、d, no loose, Terminal Board wiring should be one on each side, no more than two. J, shielded wire, spare wire binding order, reliable grounding. 7.7 quality standard 7.7.l cables through the cable embedded tube making use of galvanized steel pipe, tube ends without burrs, smooth. 7.7.2 pipe does not
38、 allow bending, bending the bend radius should be ? 4 times times the outer diameter of the tube in. 7.7.3 ellipticity of a bent tube, pipe diameter ? 60mm, not 8%, diameter 760mm, not 6%. 7.7.4 making cables buried piping application root production, growing where interface is required, only straig
39、ht pipe, only the wire port connections, welded connections are not allowed. 7.7.5 service sleeve should have a good grounding. 7.7.6 cable trays installation, burrs and dirt and corrosion treatment should be carried out, install the bridge . 7.8.1.7 piping and piping, equipment and equipment or pip
40、ing and other equipment shall have sufficient expansion gap in hot situations. 7.8.1.8 metal temperature of the insulating layer (hot) = shell-wall temperature of environment temperature ? 40 ? c. 7.8.2 paint 7.8.2.l paint of equipment and pipelines should have at least a primer (red paint) and fini
41、sh. 7.8.2.2 paint appearance color uniform, without paint, rust, flaking, wrinkles, flow marks, scum, paint particles and visible brush marks. 7.8.2.3 interlayer should be tight and without stratification. 7.8.2.4 pipelines asphalt, fiber glass fabric corrosion, external appearance should never show
42、 surrounded by glass fiber cloth uniform, dense, painted pitch inspection should be no delamination, cavitation, homogeneity of asphalt coating, brushing each layer thickness in accordance with design requirements. Standard 7.9 7.9 structure placement process. 1 fair-faced concrete is a concrete sur
43、face without any decoration, structure appearance quality of concrete structure that is able to display strength and aesthetic perception of quality standards. Construction technology requirements are as follows: template template Panel selection and processing require plate high strength, good toug
44、hness and (4)如图分别是某立体图形三视图，请根据图说出立体图形的名称 ?正视图 俯视图 左视图 ?正视图 俯视图 右视图 5.小结 (1)你对本节内容有哪些认识? (2)你有什么收获?有什么感想?有什么困惑? 6.作业设计 课本第120页练习1 ，课本第124页习题4.1第3、4题 ? 4.1.1 几何图形(三) 一、教学目标 知识与技能 ?了解直棱柱、圆锥等简单立体图形的侧面展开图。 ?能根据展开图初步判断和制作立体模型。 ?进一步认识立体图形与平面图形之间的关系。 ?通过描述展开图，发展学生运用几何语言表述问题的能力。 过程与方法 ?在平面图形和立体图形互相转化的过程中，初步建
45、立空间观念，发展几何直觉。 ?通过动手观察、操作、类比、推断等数学活动，积累数学活动经验，感受数学思考过程的条理性，发展形象思维。 ?通过展开与折叠的活动，体会数学的应用价值。 情感、态度、价值观 ?通过学生之间的交流活动，培养主动与他人合作交流的意识。 ?通过探讨现实生活中的实物制作，提高学生学习热情。 二、重点与难点 重点:直棱柱的展开图。 难点:根据展开图判断和制作立体模型。 三、教学过程 1.创设情境，导入课题 小壁虎的难题: 如图:一只圆桶的下方有一只壁虎，上方有一只蚊子，壁虎要想尽快吃到蚊子，应该走哪条路径, ? 蚊子 学生各抒己见，提出路线方案。 壁虎 ? 教师总结: shoul
46、d be tightened, no loose, Terminal Board wiring should be one on each side, no more than two. J, shielded wire, spare wire binding order, reliable grounding. 7.7 quality standard 7.7.l cables through the cable embedded tube making use of galvanized steel pipe, tube ends without burrs, smooth. 7.7.2
47、pipe does not allow bending, bending the bend radius should be ? 4 times times the outer diameter of the tube in. 7.7.3 ellipticity of a bent tube, pipe diameter ? 60mm, not 8%, diameter 760mm, not 6%. 7.7.4 making cables buried piping application root production, growing where interface is required
48、, only straight pipe, only the wire port connections, welded connections are not allowed. 7.7.5 service sleeve should have a good grounding. 7.7.6 cable trays installation, burrs and dirt and corrosion treatment should be carried out, install the bridge . 7.8.1.7 piping and piping, equipment and equ
49、ipment or piping and other equipment shall have sufficient expansion gap in hot situations. 7.8.1.8 metal temperature of the insulating layer (hot) = shell-wall temperature of environment temperature ? 40 ? c. 7.8.2 paint 7.8.2.l paint of equipment and pipelines should have at least a primer (red paint) and f