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1、高一政治必修一教案：1神奇的货币第一课 神奇的货币 第一框 揭开货币的神秘面纱 高一 一部政治讲课稿:朱瑞 教学目标 【基础知识】 识记:商品、一般等价物和货币的定义，货币的职能、纸币的定义 理解: 1.理解商品交换经过物物交换到以货币为媒介的交换四个阶段以及货币的本质是一般等价物，了解货币的基本职能。 2.理解纸币是国家发行并强制使用的价值符号。 3.了解纸币发行量过多或过少的危害，知道纸币发行要遵循货币流通规律。 4.感受生活现象，认清制贩假币的危害，爱护人民币。 【能力过程】 着重培养学生善于进行抽象思维的能力，透过现象看本质的能力。 【情感态度价值观】 通过学习货币知识，教育学生正确对
2、待货币，树立科学的金钱观，增强学生抵制拜金主义思潮影响的自觉性。 【教学方法】 高一学生对于货币在经济生活中的使用具有一定的生活体验，具有较高的自主探究的热情。具备了初步的抽象概括能力，但是还不能上升到理论高度。因此，在教学法上设定如下: 1.教法:情境教学法。创设教学情境，学生自主探究。 2.学法:探究式学习，合作交流式学习，体验式学习。 【教学重难点】 1. 重点 货币的基本职能 2. 难点 (1)货币的本质是一般等价物。 (2)纸币是国家发行并强制使用的价值符号。 【导入新课】 说到“钱”，大家肯定一点也不陌生，而且非常感兴趣。大家也很清楚，只要有了它，我们就可以买到我们所需要的各种商品
3、。钱，在经济学上被成为纸币，是货币的符号，具有流通功能。那么，货币是不是天生就具有这种特殊地位，今天就让我们一起走进这神奇的货币，揭开货币的神秘面纱。 【教学过程】 一、货币的本质 货币是商品交换的产物。 因此，要了解货币，首先要知道什么是商品。那么究竟什么是商品呢, 1、商品 (1)商品的含义 商品是指用于交换的劳动产品。 探究活动一:商品的含义 如:超市里有琳琅满目的各种商品， 思考:1、商品有什么共同特征, 2、判断阳光、空气是不是商品,妈妈给你做的毛衣和商店的毛衣相比，是不是所有accountable for the violation, Had a negative impact o
4、n society. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, the initiative to accept social supervision. Give full play to the role of the news media, widely publicized safety production areas to carry out the four winds special
5、 significance, focus, work measures, dynamic work, the report published telephone. Launched the employees and the whole social supervision and reporting production safety and harm the interests of the masses, the formation of a strong prevention and treatment of the special rectification work atmosp
6、here. 2, enhance political concentration. To strengthen the ideological and political construction, always adhere to the correct political line, politics Governance position, political orientation, political road, continuously enhance political acumen and political discernment, firm road confidence,
7、 theory system of self-confidence and self-confidence. To further strengthen the theory of armed Marx doctrine of Chinese consciously use the latest achievements of the armed mind, guide practice and promote the work. With a high degree of political consciousness, the Bureau take the lead in-depth s
8、tudy to implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinpings important speech series, and timely to the cadres and workers to study and implement of special supervision and inspection. 3, focus on remediation Yung lazy, scattered. Cadres and carry out mediocre, lazy, scattered special rectification
9、 action, strengthen dedication, strong quality, The tree image, team spirit and the socialist core values education, vigorously to create a pioneering spirit, unity and struggle, serious and lively atmosphere. Take a thorough investigation, and severely punish free, absenteeism, tardiness, AWOL beha
10、vior, and resolutely put an end to work time on the Internet stocks, playing games, watching entertainment phenomenon. (five) are failing to buck passing the problem of lack of awareness of the overall situation. The individual members of the team too much emphasis on personal interests and the inte
11、rests of small groups, prior conditions, the first hit small abacus. The lack of big talk about the principle of small speaking style, have something to say, not behind talking about, no more Tricks of consciousness and self-discipline, relegates, passing each other, not unite to form a good atmosph
12、ere, and sometimes even against each other. A few members of the team that is the power sector in the safety supervision department, safety supervision department is working to better cope with personal interests, perfunctory in the daily supervision process, the illegal behavior of enterprise there
13、 do not want to offend people speak hard, to relax the stringent requirements of the enterprise. The rectification measures: (LED Le 的劳动产品都是商品, 从内涵上看，商品是用于交换的劳动产品。 商品是耗费了一定的劳动得来的，即劳动产品，这是前提条件; 其次商品生产出来的目的不是自己享用，而是用于交换，这是关键条件。 从从外延上看，商品包含于劳动产品，劳动产品有包含于物品。 劳动商品 物品 产 品 购买商品需要货币，那商品和货币是同时产生的吗,不是，货币是商品交换
14、长期发展的产物。 (2)商品的基本属性 探究活动二:商品的基本属性 思考:商品为什么需要交换,判断废品是不是商品, 商品能够满足人们某种需要的属性就是商品的使用价值(自然属性)，即商品的有用性。没有使用价值的东西不是商品。 甲一天打制2把石斧; 乙一天可猎捕4只野兔。 甲想用1把石斧换4只野兔。于是，讨价还价开始 学生开始讨论，最终确定确定两种商品的交换比例(1把石斧=2只野兔) 教师在此基础上，将探究引向深入: (1)石斧和野兔价值的大小是由什么决定的, (2)1把石斧价值多少是通过什么表现出来的,在这个交换关系中野兔起到了什么作用, 使学生在对这些问题进行深入思考之后，得出结论: (1)生
15、产商品所耗费的劳动形成了商品的价值。 价值是凝结在商品中无差别的人类劳动。 (2)在这个交换过程中，2只野兔充当了1把石斧的等价物，能够比较直观地反映与之相交换的商品的价值。 从这个例子中看出商品都是劳动产品，凝结在商品中无差别的人类劳动就是商品的价值(社会属性)。 有价值的东西一定是商品，有价值的东西一定有使用价值，有使用价值的东西(商品或者是劳动产品)不一定有价值，没有价值的东西不是商品。 商品有两个基本属性是使用价值与价值，商品是使用价值和价值的统一体，二者缺一不可。 accountable for the violation, Had a negative impact on soci
16、ety. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, the initiative to accept social supervision. Give full play to the role of the news media, widely publicized safety production areas to carry out the four winds special signi
17、ficance, focus, work measures, dynamic work, the report published telephone. Launched the employees and the whole social supervision and reporting production safety and harm the interests of the masses, the formation of a strong prevention and treatment of the special rectification work atmosphere.
18、2, enhance political concentration. To strengthen the ideological and political construction, always adhere to the correct political line, politics Governance position, political orientation, political road, continuously enhance political acumen and political discernment, firm road confidence, theor
19、y system of self-confidence and self-confidence. To further strengthen the theory of armed Marx doctrine of Chinese consciously use the latest achievements of the armed mind, guide practice and promote the work. With a high degree of political consciousness, the Bureau take the lead in-depth study t
20、o implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinpings important speech series, and timely to the cadres and workers to study and implement of special supervision and inspection. 3, focus on remediation Yung lazy, scattered. Cadres and carry out mediocre, lazy, scattered special rectification actio
21、n, strengthen dedication, strong quality, The tree image, team spirit and the socialist core values education, vigorously to create a pioneering spirit, unity and struggle, serious and lively atmosphere. Take a thorough investigation, and severely punish free, absenteeism, tardiness, AWOL behavior,
22、and resolutely put an end to work time on the Internet stocks, playing games, watching entertainment phenomenon. (five) are failing to buck passing the problem of lack of awareness of the overall situation. The individual members of the team too much emphasis on personal interests and the interests
23、of small groups, prior conditions, the first hit small abacus. The lack of big talk about the principle of small speaking style, have something to say, not behind talking about, no more Tricks of consciousness and self-discipline, relegates, passing each other, not unite to form a good atmosphere, a
24、nd sometimes even against each other. A few members of the team that is the power sector in the safety supervision department, safety supervision department is working to better cope with personal interests, perfunctory in the daily supervision process, the illegal behavior of enterprise there do no
25、t want to offend people speak hard, to relax the stringent requirements of the enterprise. The rectification measures: (LED Le 2、货币的产生过程 (1)一般等价物(克服物物交换困难的需要) 商品交换发展的一般阶段 简单的物物交换 商品商品 扩大的物物交换 商品商品商品 如:旅行家雇船去旅行，但是船的主人要用象牙付 雇船象牙 象牙呢料 呢料针 幸亏旅行家有铜针 探究活动三:感受物物交换的困难，探究一般等价物的产生 克服物物交换困难的办法, 寻找大家相对比较乐意接受的商品
26、。把自己的东西换成市场上大家都普遍乐意接受的商品，然后再用这种商品去换回自己所需要的东西。这种大家普遍乐意接受的商品便成为一般等价物。 以一般等价物为媒介的交换 商品一般等价物商品 一般等价物:从商品中分离出来，可以和其他一切商品交换并表现其他一切商品价值的商品，充当商品交换的媒介。至此商品交换发展为以一般等价物为媒介的商品交换。 (2)货币的产生 以货币为媒介的交换 探究活动四:比较一般等价物和贵金属金银，探究货币的产生 思考:1、牛羊、贝壳、布匹等一般等价物的缺陷, 2、为什么由金银固定充当一般等价物, 历史上充当过一般等价物的商品很多，早期有牲畜、布帛、贝壳等。但这些一般等价物有自身的缺
27、点，再加上不同区域间的一般等价物不同，商品交换仍然有很大的困难。由于贵金属金银具有体积小、价值大、易于分割、不易磨损、便于保存和携带等特点，逐步从商品中分离出来，固定地充当一般等价物。从商品中分离出来固定地充当一般等价物的商品，就是货币。所以，金银天生不是货币，但货币天生是金银。 (3)货币的含义和本质 比较货币与商品 货币与一般等价物 是否充当一般等价物，是货币与其他商品的本质区别，从本质上看货币所起的作用和以前的一般等价物没有什么区别，只不过前者是不固定的充当一般等价物，后者是固定的充当。因此货币的本质是一般等价物。 二、货币的基本职能(板书) 货币的职能是指货币在经济生活中所起的作用，是
28、货币本质的体现。货币从产生时起，就具有价值尺度和流通手段两种基本职能。 1、价值尺度 人们在商场购物，再仔细查看各种商品的价格标签，方便面(4元)奶(2元) 思考:1、这里的数量单位表现的是什么,在这里，货币起了什么作用, 2、在商店里，说明商品价值的大小只要挂一个价格标签，写出它的单价即可，而不用摆放出它所值的货币，这表明了什么, 教师总结:(这里的数量单位表现的是这两种商品的价格，体现了货币的价值尺度职能)表明货币在执行价值尺度的时候，并不需要现实的货币，它只是作为一种观念上的货币，只是让人们知道这件商品值多少钱，如果想购买这件商品得付出多少的现实货币而已。 accountable for
29、 the violation, Had a negative impact on society. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, the initiative to accept social supervision. Give full play to the role of the news media, widely publicized safety production ar
30、eas to carry out the four winds special significance, focus, work measures, dynamic work, the report published telephone. Launched the employees and the whole social supervision and reporting production safety and harm the interests of the masses, the formation of a strong prevention and treatment o
31、f the special rectification work atmosphere. 2, enhance political concentration. To strengthen the ideological and political construction, always adhere to the correct political line, politics Governance position, political orientation, political road, continuously enhance political acumen and polit
32、ical discernment, firm road confidence, theory system of self-confidence and self-confidence. To further strengthen the theory of armed Marx doctrine of Chinese consciously use the latest achievements of the armed mind, guide practice and promote the work. With a high degree of political consciousne
33、ss, the Bureau take the lead in-depth study to implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinpings important speech series, and timely to the cadres and workers to study and implement of special supervision and inspection. 3, focus on remediation Yung lazy, scattered. Cadres and carry out mediocre
34、, lazy, scattered special rectification action, strengthen dedication, strong quality, The tree image, team spirit and the socialist core values education, vigorously to create a pioneering spirit, unity and struggle, serious and lively atmosphere. Take a thorough investigation, and severely punish
35、free, absenteeism, tardiness, AWOL behavior, and resolutely put an end to work time on the Internet stocks, playing games, watching entertainment phenomenon. (five) are failing to buck passing the problem of lack of awareness of the overall situation. The individual members of the team too much emph
36、asis on personal interests and the interests of small groups, prior conditions, the first hit small abacus. The lack of big talk about the principle of small speaking style, have something to say, not behind talking about, no more Tricks of consciousness and self-discipline, relegates, passing each
37、other, not unite to form a good atmosphere, and sometimes even against each other. A few members of the team that is the power sector in the safety supervision department, safety supervision department is working to better cope with personal interests, perfunctory in the daily supervision process, t
38、he illegal behavior of enterprise there do not want to offend people speak hard, to relax the stringent requirements of the enterprise. The rectification measures: (LED Le (1)价值尺度的含义:货币所具有的表现和衡量其他一切商品价值大小的职能。(学生朗读) 2)价格的含义:通过一定数量的货币表现出来的商品价值。(学生朗读) (3)不需要现实的货币，只需要观念上的货币。 问题设计 农民卖出蔬菜买进衣服，这里的货币发挥了什么作用
39、, 2、流通手段(板书) (1)流通手段的含义:货币充当商品交换媒介的职能。(学生朗读) (2)商品流通的含义:以货币为媒介的商品交换。(学生朗读) 商品流通的公式:商品货币商品 问题设计农民怎样才能顺利地把蔬菜卖出去, 教师总结:商品是天生的平等派，只有生产那些适销对路、质量上乘的商品，才能更好地满足消费者的需要，这样的劳动才能得到消费者的认可，才是有价值的劳动。因此，我们要具有利他意识。 问题设计如果买蔬菜的不给钱，农民会让他把蔬菜拿走吗, (3)必须用现实的货币，不能用观念上的货币。 正如俗话所说的“一手交钱，一手交货”。 过渡:货币除了这两个基本职能，还有其他职能吗,(此问题由学生参考
40、教材P6“相关链接”) 贮藏手段、支付手段、世界货币。 作为贮藏手段的货币必须是实在的和足值的货币。 三、纸币 宋代商业发达，要求有大量轻便的货币。原有的金属货币笨重不堪。极大地的阻碍了地区间交易的发展。宋真宗年间，成都16家势雄厚信誉较好的商号制作了一中纸劵，名曰交子。代替金属货币进行交易，16家商号保证随时按面额兑换金属货币。这就是最初的纸币，后来由于交子在使用过程中发生了不能兑换的情况，所以，后来宋朝禁止私人发行，改由国家发行。 思考 1、纸币的产生过程 2、纸币相对金属货币所具有的优点 3、什么是纸币 1、纸币的含义:由国家发行的、强制使用的价值符号。(学生朗读，板书) 教师点拨:第一
41、，纸币只是一种价值符号，即代表着一定数量的价值。这是纸币与金属货币的最大区别。金属货币本身具有内在价值，而纸币本身的价值可以忽略不计。纸币的面额只是代表着一定数量的价值，因而称为价值符号。 第二，由于纸币只是价值符号，它的流通必须以发行者强大的信誉或强制为基础，否则就无人使用。因此，后来纸币都由国家垄断发行权，因为国家信誉高，具有强制力。 2、纸币的发行量 创设情境:1935年，国民政府推行“法币改革”， 从1937年6月至1948年8月21日法币崩溃为止，法币发行量上升到四十七万倍。最初的100元法币可以买两头牛，到了1949年五月仅可以买到一粒大米的2.45%。“大街过三道，物价跳三跳”。
42、由于物价疯狂上涨造成的恐慌心理驱使，人们疯狂地抢购各种物资。 探究:1、100元法币最初能买两头牛，最后连一粒米都买不到，为什么会产生这种经济现象,这种现象有哪些危害, accountable for the violation, Had a negative impact on society. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, the initiative to accept soci
43、al supervision. Give full play to the role of the news media, widely publicized safety production areas to carry out the four winds special significance, focus, work measures, dynamic work, the report published telephone. Launched the employees and the whole social supervision and reporting producti
44、on safety and harm the interests of the masses, the formation of a strong prevention and treatment of the special rectification work atmosphere. 2, enhance political concentration. To strengthen the ideological and political construction, always adhere to the correct political line, politics Governa
45、nce position, political orientation, political road, continuously enhance political acumen and political discernment, firm road confidence, theory system of self-confidence and self-confidence. To further strengthen the theory of armed Marx doctrine of Chinese consciously use the latest achievements
46、 of the armed mind, guide practice and promote the work. With a high degree of political consciousness, the Bureau take the lead in-depth study to implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinpings important speech series, and timely to the cadres and workers to study and implement of special sup
47、ervision and inspection. 3, focus on remediation Yung lazy, scattered. Cadres and carry out mediocre, lazy, scattered special rectification action, strengthen dedication, strong quality, The tree image, team spirit and the socialist core values education, vigorously to create a pioneering spirit, un
48、ity and struggle, serious and lively atmosphere. Take a thorough investigation, and severely punish free, absenteeism, tardiness, AWOL behavior, and resolutely put an end to work time on the Internet stocks, playing games, watching entertainment phenomenon. (five) are failing to buck passing the pro
49、blem of lack of awareness of the overall situation. The individual members of the team too much emphasis on personal interests and the interests of small groups, prior conditions, the first hit small abacus. The lack of big talk about the principle of small speaking style, have something to say, not behind talking about,