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1、高中英语Module 1 Passive Voice 教案外研社版必修3外研版 第三册 模块一 Passive Voice一. 何时使用被动语态 1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要 如:Paper is made from wood. The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. He was wounded in the fight. 2. 需要强调动作的承受者时 如:Collator cant be used in the maths exam. Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt
2、 be taken away. He was awarded first prize in that contest. 3为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。 如:The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. Electricity is used to run machines. 二. 被动语态的构成 1. be+done 可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构形式。被动语态中，done可以带by短语，而系表结构中done相当
3、于adj. 不带 by短语。 如:The question is settled. (系表结构) Such questions are settled by us. (被动语态) The composition is well written. (系表结构) The composition is written with great care . (被动语态) The job was well done. (系表结构) The job was well done by a skilled worker. (被动语态) 2. 许多verbs(broken, interested, shut, w
4、orried), 既可以用做adj.也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词。句中如果有by，通常是被动语态。 如:I was worried about you all night. (表状态) I was worried by mosquitoes all night. (表动作) The glass was broken by Jack. (表动作) The glass is broken. (表状态) I was frightened by his ghost story. She was frightened at the sight of a snake. 三. 不同形式的被动语态 1.
5、含有直宾和间宾的主动结构，变为被动时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语。 如:He showed me his pictures. I was shown his pictures by him. His pictures were shown to me by him. Aunt made me a new dress. I was made a new dress by aunt. A new dress was made for me by aunt. He sent me a birthday present. I was sent a bir
6、thday present by him. A birthday present was sent to me by him. 2含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。 (1) 将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。 如:They call her XiaoLi. She is called XiaoLi. He left the door open. The door war left open by him. (2) make, let, have, hear, watch, see, feel, notice. help既动词后变做宾补的不定式一般不加to，变为被动，必须加to . 如:My brothe
7、r often made me do this and that when I was young. I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I young. I heard her move about in her room upstairs last night. She was heard to move about in her room upstairs last night. Did you see Jack take away the magazine? Was Jack seen to take away
8、 the magazine? 3. 情态动词的被动语态。是由情态V+be+p.p.构成 如:They can not find him. He can not be found. You must pay me for this. I must be paid for this. He can repair your watch. Your watch can be repaired. 4. 短语V的被动语态 一般来讲，只有及物V才有被动语态，因为只有vt才能有动作的承受者; 但有许多由不及物动词+介词及其他词类构成的短语动词，相当与及物动词，可以有宾语。因而可以有被动语态，但应注意短语V是一
9、个不可分割的整体。变被动时，不可丢掉构成短语的prep或adv.这样的短语有: look after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to, make use of, etc. 如:They had put out the fire before the fire-brigade arrived. The fire had been put out before the fire-brigade arrived. They will set up a new public school here
10、. A new public school will be set up here. 5. 有些动词用主动形式表被动含义。. 如:The goods sells well. The door cant open. 6.有些词如want, need, require和 be worth后面，v-ing形式为主动，意义为被动。 如:The room needs/wants/requires cleaning. The book is worth reading. 7.主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使用形式替代词it. 如:We know that Britain is an island co
11、untry. Its known that Britain is an island country. The teacher said that this book has been translated into several languages Its said that this book has been translated into several languages 8. 宾语为反身代词，相互代词及虚词it时，不用被动，只用主动。 如:I will do it myself. The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang. 9. 谓语动词是以下
12、时，无被动。 happen, belong to, suit, fit(适合), have, let, join, fall, last(延长),cost(花费) break out(爆发)appear, burst out(迸发)，hold(容纳)，lack(缺乏)，agree with(同意). 10. 据说类动词: say, consider, think, report, know, believe, suggest, understand, hope, etc. 如:It is said that There is said to be Sth./Sb. is said to 11.
13、主动形式表被动 若a0，则当x时，y随x的增大而减小。? 感官动词:sound,taste,smell,fell,look,seem等主语是物时; ? 一些vi主动形式表被动含义 open, close, shut, read, write, translate, wash, clean, lock, sell, wear, cut, cook, eat, weigh, drink, 3.确定二次函数的表达式：（待定系数法）pay, draw, etc. ?不定式to blame,to let(出租)作表语时，主动形式表被动含义 ?表(sth)需要的need ,want, require等后的
14、动名词用主动形式表被动含义 ?be worth后的动名词主动形式表被动含义 圆心；垂直于弦；平分弦；平分弦所对的优弧；平分弦所对的劣弧。四. Make these sentences passive. (1)如圆中有弦的条件,常作弦心距,或过弦的一端作半径为辅助线.（圆心向弦作垂线）1. About a million tourists visit Florence each year. 2. Ten million people visited London last year. 11.利用三角函数测高3. Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa. 4
15、. Picasso didnt paint the Mona Lisa. 当a越大，抛物线开口越小；当a越小，抛物线的开口越大。5. Thousands of workers built the Great Wall of China. The key: 1. Florence is visited by about a million tourists each year. 2. London was visited by ten million people last year. 3. The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci. 4. T
16、he Moon Lisa wasnt painted by Picasso. 5. The Great Wall of China was built by thousands of workers. 五. Correct the wrong statements. Example: - The Sagrada Fimilia was designed by an English architect( Spanish) 1.概念：一般地，若两个变量x，y之间对应关系可以表示成(、b、c是常数,0)的形式，则称y是x的二次函数。自变量x的取值范围是全体实数。在写二次函数的关系式时，一定要寻找两个
17、变量之间的等量关系，列出相应的函数关系式，并确定自变量的取值范围。- No, it wasnt. It was designed by a Spanish architect. 1. The Louvre Art Gallery is located in Athen.( Paris) 2. Paris is situated on the coast. ( the River Seine) 3. Florence is visited by eight million tourists every year. 4. Barcelona is known as the birthplace o
18、f western civilization. 5. The Parthenon was built a hundred years ago. (2.400 years ago. ) The key: (1)如圆中有弦的条件,常作弦心距,或过弦的一端作半径为辅助线.（圆心向弦作垂线）1. No. it isnt. Its located in Paris. 2. No, it isnt. It is situated on the River Seine. 3. No. it isnt. It was visited by one million tourists every year. 3. 圆的对称性:4. No. it isnt. Athens in known as the birthplace of western civilization. （1) 与圆相关的概念：5. No. it isnt. The Parthenon was built 2, 400 years ago.