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1、解读定语从句中的关系代词具有连接作用的关系代词，that which who whom whose关系代词”用于引导定语从句，关系代词有：who, whom, whose,that, which, as。关系代词和关系副词，关系副词有：when, where, why。注意：关系副词里面没有 how。如果要修饰方式 way，用that或in which引导，或者不用引导词。I don t like the way (that, in which) he eyed me.我不喜欢他看我的那个样子。先行词是人：多用 who (一)先行词是人而关系代词在限制性定语从句中做主语时，下列情况多用who，
2、也可用that，但是用who更常见。Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？A friend who/that helps you in time of need is a real friend.患难之交才是真朋友先行词是人：多用 who (二)一、先行词是人称代词he, they, one(s)或指示代词those时，引 导词多用who。Those who want to go to the Great Wall sig n up here.要去长城的人在这儿签名。Time goes fast for one who has a
3、sense of beauty.对一个有美感的人时间总是快速而过的。二、先行词是指人的序数词或是被序数词修饰时。The first man who talks to me will receive a surprising present.第一个和我对话的人将获得一份惊喜的礼物，引导词多用who。They were the first who were here.他们是第一批到达这儿的人。先行词是人：多用whom先行词是人而关系代词在限制性定语从句中做宾语时，下列情况多用whom，也可用that，但是更多的情况下是米用省略关系代词。关系代词在限制性定语从句中做宾语：whom/ that，更多省
4、略He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人The stude nts (whom/ that) you teach are now doingexperime nts.你任教的学生这时在做作业。Then I teleph oned the doctor (whom) Mr. White recomme nded.然后我打电话给怀特先生推荐的那个医生。先行词是人：只能用whom先行词是人而关系代词在限制性定语从句中做介宾时，只能用whom。This is the man to whom I referred.这就是我提到过的那个
5、人。The people with whom he worked thought he was a bit stra nge.和他一起工作的人认为他有点奇怪。先行词是人：只能用that先行词是人时，在以下情况下，只能用that。一、主句中包含疑问代词 who或which时。Who is the man that is sta nding by the door?站在门边的那个人是谁呀？t admire him?Who that has ever worked with him does n曾经和他一起工作过的人谁不称赞他？Which of us that knows any thi ng do
6、es not know this?我们中凡是稍有常识的人哪一个不懂得这个？二、关系代词在从句中做表语时。He is no Ion ger the simple-mi nded man that he was five yearsago.他不是五年前那个头脑简单的人了。三、关系代词在从句中做宾补时。He is not the fool (that) you thought him.他并不像你想象的那样傻。四、有两个先行词，而一个是人，另一个是物时。He spoke largely of the men and the thi ngs that he had see n.他主要讲了他所见到的人和物
7、。五、先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。He is the bravest man that I have ever see n.他是我所见过的最勇敢的人。六、先行词被 all, any, no, only, same, very 等修饰时。Ask Tom or any other stude nt that was there.问问汤姆或是任何一位当时在那儿的学生。He is the very boy that I am look ing for.他就是我在找的那个男孩。先行词是人：不能用that先行词是人时，在以下情况下，只能用who/whom，不用that一、定语从句中的引导词和谓语动词被其他
8、成分所分隔。He was a man who, if had bee n properly supported, would haveworked won ders.如果当时给与适当的支持，他是一个本该创造出奇迹的人。二、当先行词是集体名词被看作一群个体时。The crew who were all asleep forgot to hoist the Ian tern.熟睡的船员们全都忘了挂灯。注意：当先行词是集体名词被看作一个整体时，关系代词要用which。先行词是人：多用which一、当先行词指婴幼儿、小孩时。He made a face to the child which was i
9、n the mothers arm.他对抱在母亲怀中的婴儿做了个鬼脸。二、当先行词是集体名词被看作一个整体时。The group which is made up of ten members is resp on sible forthis decisi on.由10人组成的那个小组负责这项决定。注意：当先行词是集体名词被看作一群个体时，关系代词要用who。三、当先行词强调人物的身份（特征）、地位时。He talked like a foreig ner which/ that he hardly was.他说起话来像个外国人，而他根本就不是。四、当先行词强调个人的性格（特征）时。He is
10、 the man which/ that he was.他还是象过去那个老样子。Bonny is quite differe nt from the girl which/ that I thought her tobe.邦妮完全不是我曾认为的那种女孩。五、当先行词强调人的品德（特征）时。He is a gentleman which/ that his little brother isnt.他很有绅士风度，他弟弟却没有先行词是人：只能用whosePeople whose rents have bee n raised can appeal那些被增加了租金的人可以上诉。The film is
11、 about a spy whose wife betrays him这部电影是关于一个被自己妻子出卖的间谍的故事。The man whose wallet had bee n stole n immediately reportedthe theft.钱包被偷的那个男子立即报失。I m writing a letter to Mike, whose mother is ill.我在给迈克写信，他的母亲生病了。先行词是事物：用that或whichA house that/ which overlooks the park will cost more.面朝公园的房子要贵些。She was no
12、t on the train that/ which arrived just now.她不在刚到的那列火车上。Thank you very much for the present (that/ which) you sent me.非常感谢你送给我的礼物。Is this the key (which/ that) you are looking for?这就是你在找的钥匙吗？先行词是事物：只能用that一、 先行词是 everything, nothing, few, little, all, much等不定代词时：There are few that deal with this sub
13、ject.几乎没有人研究过这个课题。All that glitters is n ot gold.闪光的并不都是金子。Tell us everythi ng (that) you know, please.告诉我你所知道的一切。Is there anything (that) you don t understand?还有你不懂的东西吗？注意：something做先行词时，关系代词多用that，也可用which。二、 先行词被 all, any, few, little, no, only, same, very限定时：There is no difficulty that we cannot
14、 overcome.没有我们克服不了的困难。This is the only thing that I can remember.这是唯一我能记住的事I ve read all the books that you gave me.我已经读完你给我所有的书。三、先行词被序数词所修饰时：The first thing that we should do is (to) work out a plan.我们应该做的第一件事是制定出一个计划。This is the first composition that he has ever written in English.这是他第一本用英语写成的书。
15、四、先行词是数词或被数词限定时：The two books that I bought yesterday are En glish stories.昨天我买的两本书是英语短篇小说。五、先行词是形容词最高级或是被形容词最高级修饰时：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.这是我所读过的最有趣的书。This is the Ion gest bridge that I have ever see n.这是我见过的最长的桥。六、关系代词在限制性定语从句中做表语时：My computer is not the mach ine t
16、hat it was.我的电脑已经不如从前了七、主句是含有 what about的疑问句时：What about desig ning car engines that do not pollute the air.设计一种不污染空气的汽车引擎怎么样？先行词是事物：只能用which一、关系代词做介宾时：They tried to think of a plan by which they could fulfill their taskahead of time.他们试图相处一个能够提前完成任务的计划。二、先行词与做宾语的关系代词被其他成分所分隔：I ll send you a book ne
17、xt month which you will like.下个月我将给你寄去一本你喜欢的书。三、先行词是that(those)时：Is it that which you asked me to find?这就是你让我找的东西吗？先行词是事物:whose,of which先行词是事物：引导词用 whose或of whichThey built a house whose walls were made of glass.They built a house the walls of which were made of glass.They built a house of which the
18、 walls were made of glass.他们修建了一座用玻璃做墙的房子。She lived in a town whose inhabitants speak French.She lived in a town the inhabitants of which speak French.She lived in a tow n of which the in habita nts speak Fren ch.她住在一个小镇，镇上的居民讲法语。The house whose roof was damaged has now bee n repaired.The house the
19、roof of which was damaged has now bee nrepaired.The house of which the roof was damaged has now bee nrepaired.屋顶被毁的那间房子已经修复。关系代词的省略：宾语He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。The stude nts (whom/ that) you teach are now doingexperime nts.你任教的学生这时在做作业。Then I teleph oned the doctor (whom
20、) Mr. White recomme nded.然后我打电话给怀特先生推荐的那个医生。Thank you very much for the present (that/ which) you sent me.非常感谢你送给我的礼物。Is this the key (which/ that) you are looking for?这就是你在找的钥匙吗？关系代词的省略：介宾This is the man to whom I referred.这就是我提到过的那个人。(介词和介宾相邻，不能省略)This is the man (whom) I referred to.这就是我提到过的那个人。(
21、介词和介宾分离，可以省略) The people with whom he worked thought he was a bit stra nge.和他一起工作的人认为他有点奇怪。(本句的介宾不能省略)The people (whom) he worked with thought he was a bitstra nge.和他一起工作的人认为他有点奇怪。(可以省略)This is the garde n in which he sun bathed.这是他做日光浴的花园。(本句的介宾不能省略)This is the garde n (that) he sun bathed in.这是他做日
22、光浴的花园。(可以省略)关系代词的省略：表语He is no Ion ger the simple-mi nded man (that) he was five yearsago.他不是五年前那个头脑简单的人了。She is no Ion ger the pers on (that) she used to be.她已经不是过去的她了。关系代词的省略：主语There is There s something (that) keeps worrying me.有件事总让我担心。There is a table (that) stands near the window.有一只桌子放在窗旁。The
23、re is somebody (who) wants you on the phone.有人给你打电话。Here is Here is a book (that) will tell you how to master English quickly.这让有一本书会告诉你怎样快速掌握英语。插入语 I think, I know, I feel, He believes, He admits, Heguesses之前作主语的关系代词也可以省略。He stopped the students from doing things (that) he thoughtwere wrong.他不让学生做他
24、认为是错的事情。He asked for something ( that) I knew couldn t be done.他所要的东西我知道是无法提供的。带介词的关系代词一、where= in which, when= in whichThis is the time when he normally arrives.这是他通常到达的时间。This is the time at which he no rmally arrives.这是他通常到达的时间。(whe n= at which)This is the time that he no rmally arrives at.这是他通常到
25、达的时间。（介词可以脱离关系代词，置于从句的谓语动词之后）二、send the letter to whom, make the model plane for whomHe is the boy for whom I made the model pla ne.（要注意to或for的正确选用）He is the boy whom I made the model pla ne for.（介词可以脱离关系代词，置于从句的谓语动词之后）三、come across whom, look forward to whichHe is the man that/ who/ whom/ I came ac
26、ross in the parkyesterday.（came across不能拆开，因为它是一个固定的词组）（错例） He is the man across whom I came in the parkyesterday.That was the kind of life that she was looking forward to.（look forward to 不能被拆开。）关系代词：who关系代词who在从句中主要作主语，在非正式语体里who还可以作从句中的宾语。I met some one who said he knew you我碰到了说自己认识你的一个人。（who在从句中
27、作主语）Succeed will come to him who is honest and diligent.成功将归于诚实而勤奋的人。The man whom I saw told me to come back today .我见到的那个人叫我今天返回。（whom在从句中作宾语）关系代词：whosewhose用来指人或物，（只能用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which 互换）。They rushed over to help the man whose car had broke ndow n.那人车坏了，他们跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose （
28、of which） cover is gree n.请递给我那本绿皮的书。关系代词：which （2）当在which和that面前进行选择的情况下，一下情况要选which：1. 在非限制性定语从句中通常用 which作引导词，而不能用that做非限制性定语从句的引导词。2. 修饰整个主句。I n ever met Julia aga in after that, which was a pity.从那以后我再也没有见到朱莉叶，真是遗憾。3. 修饰谓语部分。He can swim in the river, which I cannot.他会在河里游泳，那正是我不会的。4. 介词 + whichThey are all questi ons to which there are no an swers.那些问题都是无头公案。