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1、zn牛津小学英语3A-6B语法点汇总+练习(讲解相当详细)五年级英语语法知识汇总 一、词类: 1、名词 这里强调两点:不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is 名词复数如何加后缀: 各种不同情况 变化方法 例词 一般情况 直接加-s book-books bag-bags cat-cats bed-beds 以s. x. sh. ch结尾 加-es bus-buses box-boxes brush-brushes watch-watches peachpeaches glass-glasses 以“辅音字母+y”变y为i, 再加-es family-families study-studies
2、 结尾 以“f或fe”结尾 变f或fe为v，再knife-knives 加-es 不规则名词复数 man-men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice foot-feet child-children fish-fish Chinese-Chinese 、 人称代词和物主代词 2人称代词 物主代词 单数 复数 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 形容词性 形容词性 第一人称 I(我) me we(我们) us my(我的) our(我们的) 第二人称 you(你) you you(你们) you y
3、our(你的) your(你们的) he(他) him (他的) histhey their 第三人称 she(她) her her(她的) them (他/她/它们) (他/她/它们的) it(它) it it(它的) 人称代词: 有主格和宾格之分。 一般动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。 3、指示代词 指近处 指远处 单数 this (这个) that (那个) 复数 these(这些) those(那些) 4、冠词 有a、an、the。a和an的区别:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母a、e、i、o、u)前，a用于辅音音素前。 二、否定句: be动词(am、is、are)+not、 情态动词c
4、an+ not、 助动词(do、does) + not 如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句: 1、看句中有无be动词，如有，直接在be动词后+ not。 2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，直接在情态动词后+ not。 3、如上述二者都没有，就应用助动词+ not。分四个步骤: (1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语(某人或某物)后，动词前。 (2)确定助动词用do、does，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does， (3)在助动词后加not。 (4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。 强调一点，有some的要考虑是否要用any。 三、
5、一般疑问句。 如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为一般疑问句: 1、看句中有无be动词，如有，把be动词提到句首即可。 2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，把情态动词提到句首即可。 3、如上述二者都没有，就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤: (1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语(某人或某物)后，动词前。 (2)确定助动词用do还是does，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does (3)把助动词后提到句首。 4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。 (强调一点，有some的要考虑是否要用any。 四、特殊疑问句。 表示疑问，有疑问词(在开头)，回答有
6、很多种可能。 常用疑问词: 疑问词 意思 用法 What time 什么时间 问具体时间，如几点钟 Who 谁 问人 Whose 谁的 问主人 Where 在哪里 问地点 What 什么 问东西、事物 What colour 什么颜色 问颜色 How old 多大年纪 问年纪 How many 多少数量(可数名词) 问数量 How much 多少钱;多少数量(不可数名词) 问多少钱或数量(不可数) 五、时态 1、一般现在时 (1)一般现在时中的be动词: 一般用原形:am is are am用于第一人称单数(I);is用于第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓，如:Ben his s
7、ister等);are用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数，如the children 、 his parents等)。 (2)一般现在时中的动词: 第一种情况:主语是第三人称单数(he she it 和其他，如Helen 、her cousin 等)，动词后一般加s或es。 第二种情况:主语不是第三人称单数，动词都用原形。 (4)一般现在时判断依据(如何判断一个句子是一般现在时): ?be动词是am、is、are ?动词用原形或加s、es ?没有时间状语或有usually、often、everyday、sometime
8、s等不是具体的时间 2、现在进行时 (1)构成形式:Be动词+动词的ing形式 这里强调一点，两者缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成现在进行时。 (2)现在进行时表示动作正在进行或事情正在发生。 (3)有用的依据:一个句子中既有be动词，又有动词，且动词加了ing ? 该句是现在进行时 (4)句中往往有now、look、listen等词。 动词现在分词的变化见下表: 词尾情况 变化方式 例词 一般情况 加ing play玩playing do做doing go去going jump跳jumping sing唱singing ski滑雪skiing see看见-seeing 以不发音的e结尾 去e加i
9、ng make做making take拿到taking like喜欢liking come来coming write写writing dance跳舞dancing have有having close关closing 以重读闭音节结尾双写最后一个辅音字swim游泳swimming sit坐sitting 的动词，中间只有一母再加ing run跑running get得到getting 个元音字母，词尾只put放putting begin开始beginning 有一个辅音字母 jog慢跑jogging 同音词: too-two-to buy-by I-eye four-for there-thei
10、r right-write sun-son no-know here-hear whos-whose 近义词: many-a lot of / lots of large-big desk-table photo-picture lamp-light like-love 反义词或对应词:old-new go-come big-small open-close black-white here-there 完整形式:lets=let us(让我们) Id=I would cant=can not Im=I am 词性变换:one(序数词) first monkey(复数)monkeys skii
11、ng(原形)ski is(复数)are families(单数)family make(现在分词)making we are(缩略形式)were do(第三人称单数)does have(第三人称单数)has photo(复数)photos fat(反义词)thin 做题目时一定要记住: 1. can+动词原形 2. like+动词ing 3. like+名词复数 4. play+足球类 play the +乐器类 5. how many +名词复数 6. would like +to+动词原形 7. lets+动词原形 8. 现在进行时:be(am,is,are)+动词ing 9. 动词第三人
12、称单数形式 语法及练习1 be动词 Be 动词的用法: (1) Am-was Is -was Are-were 口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，复数全用are。 (2) 肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. (3) 一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they American? Y
13、es, they are. No, they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. 用恰当的be动词填空。 1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. How _ y
14、our father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this? 10. Whose socks _ they? 11. That _ my red skirt. 12. Who _ I? 13.The jeans _ on the desk. 14. Here _ a scarf for you. 15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 18.
15、 The two cups of milk _ for me. 19. Some tea _ in the glass. 20. Gao shans shirt _ over there. 21. My sisters name _Nancy. 22. This _ not Wang Fangs pencil. 23. _ David and Helen from England? 24. There _ a girl in the room. 25. There _ some apples on the tree. 26. _ there any kites in the classroom
16、? 27. _ there any apple juice in the bottle? 28. There _ some bread on the plate. 29. There _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. 30. You, he and I _ from China. 语法及练习2 人称代词和物主代词 人称代词和物主代词 1(人称代词主格和宾格的区别:主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位于than 之后)，宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。 2(物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:形容词性用时后面一般要带上名
17、词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。 一.填写代词表主格。 I it we you them his your hers 二.用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I ) 2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I ) 4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _.
18、( he ) 5. _ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _? ( you ) 6. Here are many dolls, which one is _ ? ( she ) 7. I can find my toy, but wheres _? ( you ) 8. Show _ your kite, OK? (they) 9. I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it ) 10. Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ ar
19、ent here. ( they ) 11. Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we ) 12. _ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _ a nurse. ( she ) 13. That is not _ camera. _is at home. ( he ) 14. Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they ) 15. Dont touch _. _ not a cat, _ a tiger! 16.
20、_ sister is ill. Please go and get _. ( she ) 17. _ dont know her name. Would you please tell _. ( we ) 18. So many dogs. Lets count _. ( they ) 19. I have a lovely brother. _ is only 3. I like _ very much. ( he ) 20. May I sit beside _? ( you ) 21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _. ( it )22.T
21、he girl behind _ is our friend. (she ) 语法及练习3 名词复数和动词三单 一、名词复数规则 1(一般情况下，直接加-s，如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2(以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3(以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4(以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如:knif
22、e-knives 5(不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 练习:写出下列各词的复数。 I _ him _ this _ her _ watch _ book_ child _ photo _ diary _ day_ foot_ dress _ tooth_ s
23、heep _ box_ strawberry _ thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_ paper_ people_ 二(动词三单的变化规则 1(一般情况下，直接加-s，如:cook-cooks, milk-milks 2(以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3(以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如:study-studies 练习: 写出下列动词的第三人称单数。 drink _ go _ stay _ make
24、 _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _ come_ watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ teach_ 语法及练习4 一般现在时 一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍 一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 一般现在时的构成 1. be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I
25、 am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。 -es。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或丽喜欢汉语。 一般现在时的变化 1. be动词的变化。否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?
26、2.行为动词的变化。否定句:主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如:He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。 如:- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。 如:- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 特
27、殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work? 一般现在时用法专练: 一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?
28、7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You a
29、lways _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. ,What day _(be) it today? , Its Saturday. 二、按照
30、要求改写句子。 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) _ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ 3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答) _ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ 5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句) _ 6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句) _ 7. I like taking photos i
31、n the park.(对划线部分提问) _ 8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问) _ 9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ 10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句) _ 三、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上) 1. Is your brother speak English? _ 2. Does he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after class. _ 4. Mr.
32、Wu teachs us English. _ 5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _ 语法及练习5 现在进行时 现在进行时 1(现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2(现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing. 3(现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 4(现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 5(现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:疑问词不达意 + be + 主语 + 动词ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为: 疑问词不达意 + be + 动词ing? 动词加ing的变化规则 1(一
33、般情况下，直接加ing，如:cook-cooking 2(以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如:make-making, taste-tasting 3(如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如:run-running, stop-stopping 现在进行时专项练习: 一、写出下列动词的现在分词: play_ run_ swim _ make_ go_ like_ write_ ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_ put_ see_ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_ stop_ sit _ begin_ sho
34、p_ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空: 1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom
35、 . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 三、句型转换: 1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) _ _ 2(The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) _ _ 3(Im playing the football in th
36、e playground .(对划线部分进行提问) _ 4(Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问) _ 语法及练习6 将来时 将来时 一、概念: 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。 二、基本结构:?be going to + do; ?will+ do. 三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont
37、。 例如:Im going to have a picnic this afternoon.? Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑问句: be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。 例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. ? Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? 五、对划线部分提问:一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1. 问人。Who 例如:Im going to N
38、ew York soon. ?Whos going to New York soon. 2. 问干什么。What do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. ?What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3. 问什么时候。When.例如:Shes going to go to bed at nine. ?When is she going to bed? 六、同义句:be going to = will I am going to go
39、swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow. 练习:填空。 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball. What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗,是，她要去买一些水果。 _ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _ you _ _ meet? 改句子。 5. Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定) Nancy _ going to go camping. 6. Ill go and join them.(改否定) I _ go _ join them. 7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.