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1、初中物理电学综合题专题训练中考物理专题训练 初中物理电学综合题专题训练 (时间:40分钟 分值:100分) 1 中考物理专题训练 一、选择题:(65,30) 1、关于电阻，下列说法中正确的是( ) A、铜导线的电阻比铁导线的电阻小 B、导体的电阻越大，电流通过导体产生的热量越多 C、某学校教学楼中，同时发光的电灯越多，电路的总 电阻越小 D、导体两端的电压越大，导体的电阻越大 52、关于磁场、电磁波，下列说法正确的是( ) A、电磁波在真空中传播的速度是310m,s B、通电直导线周围存在磁场，通电弯曲导线周围不存 在磁场 C、光纤通信是利用光经多次反射进行传输光信号的 D、发电机是利用磁场对
2、电流作用的原理进行工作的 3、人类正面临能源危机，为选用节能交通信号灯的灯 源，实验室通过实验发现，下表中的LED灯和白炽 灯在正常工作时光照强度相同。有关数据如下表: 请根据以上材料说明，下列的说法错误的是( ) 两种灯 LED灯 白炽灯 发光原理 二极管发光 钨丝高温发光 额定电压 24V 220V ,9,3响应时间 10s 10s 额定功率 12W 100W A、在光照强度相同的情况下，LED灯不必要达到很 高的温度就能发光，电能基本上不转化成内能，几 乎全部转化光能，因而发光效率高 B、LED灯的额定电压低，人直接接触不会触电 C、LED灯响应时间短，也就是从开始发光到正发光 所用的时
3、间短 D、LED灯额定功率小，消耗的电能肯定比白炽灯少 I/AC 0.6 B甲第0.4P 5题ab 0.2A图乙 第4题图 U/V123O4、如图所示，给电磁铁通电，铁块及弹簧在图中位置 静止，当滑动变阻器的滑片向b端滑动时，关于电 流表示数和弹簧长度变化情况是( ) A、电流表的示数增大，弹簧的长度增加 B、电流表的示数增大，弹簧的长度减小 C、电流表的示数减小，弹簧的长度增加 D、电流表的示数减小，弹簧的长度减小 5、如图所示是电阻甲和乙的U-I图像，下列说法中正 确的是( ) 2 中考物理专题训练 A、电阻甲和乙都是阻值不变的电阻 B、当乙两端电压为2V时，R,5 乙C、甲、乙串联在电路
4、中，当电路电流为0.2A时，电 源电压为2V D、甲、乙并联在电路中，当电源电压为2V时，电路 总功率为1.2W 二、填空题:(311,33) 6、在图甲所示的电路中，闭合开关S后，电压表的示 数为2V，两个电流表的指针指在图乙所示的同一位 置。则电灯L中的电流I, A，L的电阻R, 1111，电路的总电阻R, ;电灯L消耗的 1电功率P与L消耗的电功率P之比为 。 122S1 2 L2 3 0 0.4 0.2 A0.6 0 ALA 1 0.6 3 , V 乙 甲 7、下表是某电炒锅的铭牌，根据表中的信息回答下列问题:若家庭电路中的电压只有198V，电炒锅工作1h消耗的电能是 kW?h。若家庭
5、电路中只有电炒锅在烧水且正常工作，电炒锅产生的热值有70%被水吸收后水的温度升高了30?，且右图中电能表的转盘正好kg。水的比热容c,4.2103J,(kg?) 转了300转，该电炒锅中水的质量为BC-65B电炒锅 单相电度表额定电压 220V kWh额定功率 1100W 220V 10A 50Hz 3000r/kWh工作频率 50Hz 8、一款太阳能旋转吊钩，其内部装有一个用太阳 能电池供电的小型电动机，能使花盆缓慢旋转， 让植物各部分得到充足的光照。太阳能属于 (选填“可再生”或“不可再生”)能 源，太阳能电池可以将太阳能转化为 能，电动机工作的原理是通电线圈在 中 受力转动。 9、电动机
6、是将电能转化成机械能的机器，但由于 线圈内部有电阻，所以同时还有一部分电能转化 成内能。若一台玩具电动机接在6V的电源两端， 使其正常转动时，通过电动机的电流为0.3A;短 暂地卡住电动机转轴，使其不能转动，通过电动 机中的电流为3A。则这台电动机线圈的电阻为 ，正常转动时的效率是 。 三、应用与创新题:(12，12，13,37) 3 中考物理专题训练 10、如图所示，电源电压为6V且保持不变。当滑 动变阻器的滑片P移动到最右端B时，闭合开关， 电流表示数为0.2A，电压表示数为4V。 ?滑动变阻器的最大阻值为多少,Rx的阻值为多 少, ?当滑动变阻器的滑片移动到中点时，电阻Rx消 耗的电功率
7、为多少, ?当滑动变阻器的滑片P移动到最左端A时，将 P发生什么变化, A ABR xVS11、小明学习了电功率的知识后，想利用家里的电 能表(如图)和手表，测出一些家用电器的有关 数据。 ?当家里只有一台电冰箱在正常工作时，他测出电 能表1分钟转了3圈，求电冰箱在这段时间消耗 的电能是多少J , 单相电度表 kWh220V 10(20)A 50Hz 1500r/kWh ?当电冰箱和电热水壶同时工作时，他测出电能表 1分钟转33圈，求此时电热水壶的电功率是多少 W , ?如果用此电热水壶把1kg的水由20?加热至沸腾 需要的时间是多少s ,不考虑热量的损失，气 压为一个标准大气压，水的比热容为
8、4.2103J, (kg?) 12、阅读短文，回答问题: 夜幕下，扬州“第一大道”文昌路边LED灯将道 路照得犹如白昼，这种LED灯是通过光电转换来供电的。下图是扬州某小区利用太阳能给LED路灯供电的自动控制电路的原理示意图。其中，R是光敏电阻，此光敏电阻的阻值R、流过线圈电流I与光照度E(单位勒克斯，符合lx)之间的几次实验数据如下表所示: 光照度 5 10 15 20 25 30 E,lx 光敏电阻 60 30 20 15 12 10 R, 线圈中电流 21.4 273 30.0 31.6 32.6 33.3 4 中考物理专题训练 I,mA 当线圈A中的电流I ?30.0mA时，动触点D与
9、静触点G、H接触。 EFB LED路灯 GHCA 蓄电池太阳能电磁板 R0光敏电阻R?由表格中数据可知，光敏的阻值R随光照度E的增强而 。 ?白天，太阳能电池板将 能转化为 能。这种能量通过再次转化储存在大容量蓄电池内。傍晚，当光照度小于 lx(勒克斯)时，路灯开始工作。 ?请用铅笔画线将电路原理图连接完整，使工作电路能正常工作(与触点的接线只能接在静触点上，图中已给出静触点E、F、G、H的四根引线;连线不能交叉)。 ?一只功率为6W的LED灯，通电后其发光亮度相当于30W的日光灯。某间教室有24盏30W的日光灯，每天平均使用2h，如果能用6W的LED灯进行照明，则一个月(按30天计算)可节约
10、电能 kW?h。 ?根据有关部门发布消息，5年内全市小区将全面覆盖LED路灯。但目前有部分市民反映LED题路灯亮度不够，请你提出一条能提高亮度的合理化的建议: 。 5 中考物理专题训练 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in a
11、ccordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard
12、; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two par
13、ty Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key proble
14、ms; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to st
15、rengthen 6 中考物理专题训练 party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; foll
16、ow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the exp
17、erience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strength
18、en the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and al
19、so difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations 7 中考物理专题训练 repeat and Criminal law and other
20、laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the pa
21、rty play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repet
22、ition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cove
23、r all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitutio
24、n of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth 8 中考物理专题训练 Plenary Session of the eighth session of the
25、Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission fo
26、r Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party
27、committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee o
28、f the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the Genera
29、l Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Commi
30、ttee Political 9 中考物理专题训练 Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrat
31、ed the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping
32、important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution
33、 to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the f
34、undamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also
35、the general rules. the revision 10 中考物理专题训练 of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules t
36、he sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditio
37、nal style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method sep
38、arately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline require
39、ments, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly def
40、ined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and 11 中考物理专题训练 to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designat
41、ed position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present s
42、tage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common re
43、quirements. One is closely linked to the self-discipline, removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, eight prohibition 52 are not allowed to about the content of the negative list moved into synchronization amendment . Three is for all the part
44、y members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requireme
45、nts than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised is the ruling Party since the first insists on 12 中考物理专题训练 a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to al
46、l members of the party and the National Peoples solemn commitment. criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the , a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-disciplin
47、e norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as four must eight code. Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as four must the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The highe