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1、高中英语重要语法小结话题:从句 主句 教育学习 虚拟语气在各种从句的应用主语从句的虚拟1. It is + adj. + that sb. (should) do常见的形容词有:necessary, important, strange, naturalIts important that he take my advice.2. It is + n. + that sb. (should) do常见的名词有:a pity, a shame, no wonder, ones wishIts a pity that he be so silly.3. It is + done + t
2、hat sb. (should) do常见的过去分词有:suggested, advised, demanded, requested, required, asked, ordered,proposed, decided, desired, insisted等。Its requested that she go home as soon as possible.宾语从句的虚拟1. 表命令，表建议，表要求的动词，后接宾语从句虚拟。虚拟的构成为(should) do。I advise that he stay at home.2. wish后接从句，虚拟的构成是往过去推一个时态。I wish I
3、 had watched the football match last night.注意以下几组词或短语用于虚拟语气中。1. as if, as thoughHe speaks English as if he were a native speaker.2. otherwise, but, even thoughHe was ill. Otherwise he would have been there.3. with, without, but forWithout your help, I would have died two years ago.But for your help,
4、 I would have died two years ago.4. would rather Id rather you told me yourself.5. Its time thatIts time that you went to bed.Its time that you should go to bed.表语从句中的虚拟在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是(should)+动词原形。如:His suggestion is that we
5、(should) leave at once.名词从句部分:1. that不可省略的情况2. that引导同位语从句和that引导定语从句的区别:同位语从句中的that是连词，不做成分，只连接主从句，不能省略;定语从句中的that要代替先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或者表语，并且做宾语时可以省略。从语义上看，同位语从句是对前面名词的解释、说明或内容;而定语从句时对前面名词的限定。We should consider the studentsrequest that the school library provide more books onpopular science. (that引导同位语
6、从句)The only hope that he expressed was that they would do what they could to help the peoplein disaster areas. (that引导定语从句)3. 要根据句子结构尤其是谓语动词判断从句的类型:What is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.本句含有一个主语从句和一个表语从句，主句的动词为is。It is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Game
7、s took place in Beijing.本句含有一个主语从句，主句的动词为is known to。As is known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.本句含有一个定语从句，主句的动词为took place，as引导非限制性定语从句。4. 名词性从句的语序和语态。名词性从句均应用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序，其时态应该和主句时态保持一致。5. 名词性从句中连词的省略。介词后的连词以及引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。that引导名词从句(除了引导第一个宾语从句可省略外)都不可省略，但是引导定语从句并在从
8、句中做宾语时可以省略。that不能省略的情况:1)介词后面的that不能省略:Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.2)当that引导的宾语从句位于句首时:That he ever did such a thing I dont believe.3)主句谓语动词和that从句之间有插入语，that不省略:She said that, if she failed, she would try again.4)当宾语从句有其他从属连词时，that不省略:He told me that if it was neces
9、sary they would work extra time.6.名词性从句中it的使用:为了保持句子平衡，多数情况下，it作形式主语或形式宾语，将真正的主语或宾语从句后置。定语从句关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that, as,和关系副词when, where, why。(1)that指物时一般可与which互换，但在下列情况下，要用that而不用which。a. 先行词有all, everything等不定代词时，如，Everything (that) he did is wrong.b. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, lit
10、tle, much等修饰时，如，Ill read all the books (that) you lend me.c. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，This is the first letter (that) the boy has written.d. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时，如He is the very man (that) Im looking for.e. 只用which的情况在介词后或在非限定性定语从句中This is the book about which we have talked a lot.
11、The book, which he gave me yesterday, is very interesting.f. where和when作关系本册教材在第五单元之后安排了一个大的实践活动，即“分扣子”和“填数游戏”。旨在综合运用所学的知识，从根据事物的非本质的、表面的特征把事物进行分类，发展到根据客观事物抽象、本质的特征进行不同方式的分类，促进孩子逻辑思维能力的发展。同时，安排学生填数游戏，旨在对孩子的口算能力、逻辑思维能力和观察能力的训练，感受数学的乐趣!副词This is the room where I worked.This is the room which I stayed
12、in.I remembered the day when we lived there.I remembered the day that I spent there.g. as和whichas 可以放3.规律：利用特殊角的三角函数值表，可以看出，(1)当角度在090间变化时，正弦值、正切值随着角度的增大(或减小)而增大(或减小)；余弦值随着角度的增大(或减小)而减小(或增大)。(2)0sin1，0cos1。于句首，而which 不可以As you know, he is good at 23.53.11加与减（一）4 P4-12English.three of them 和three of
13、whichI have a lot of books, three of which are in Russian.I have a lot of books and three of (一)教学重点them are in Russian.(2. )“介词+关系代词”的情况:在固定短语(5)直角三角形的内切圆半径中介词不能提前;判断介词的口诀:瞻前顾后看意义瞻前看先行词;顾后找从句动词;看意义看全句表达含义(3. )先行词在从句中充当地点状语时，关系词用where 或者介词加which;先行词在从句中充当时间状语时，关系词用3、学习并掌握100以内加减法(包括不进位、不退位与进位、退位)计算方
14、法，并能正确计算;能根据具体问题，估计运算的结果;初步学会应用加减法解决生活中简单问题，感受加减法与日常生活的密切联系。when或者介词加which;先行词在从句中充当原因状语时，关当a越大，抛物线开口越小；当a越小，抛物线的开口越大。系词用why或者for which。(4. )注意as和which在非限制性定语从句中代表主句所表达的内容的区别:位置不同:as从句放在主句前或后均可;而which从句只能放在主句后作用9切线长定理：过圆外一点所画的圆的两条切线长想等，圆外切四边形对边相等，直角三角形内切圆半径公式.不同:as从句动词常常是see know等，因而相当于插入语;which从句则在
15、陈述一件事实。状语从句部分1.while 是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。2. no matter wh- 与wh-ever 的联系及区别:no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句，此时与wh-ever通用。wh-ever又可引导名词性从句，No matter wh-不能。No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should 176.186.24期末总复习be invited to the party.3. 在条件，时间和让步从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用现在完成时表将来
16、完成时，用一般过去时表过去将来时。在since 引导的时间状语从句中，动词一般都用一般过去时，而主句常用现在完成时。4. 状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况:?否定词开头;?so 加adj. 开头;?as /though引导的让步状语从句。5. 连词before小结:We had sailed four days before we saw land. (才)We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. (不到就)Please write it down before you forget it. (趁)Before I could get in a word, 等弧：在同圆或等圆中，能够互相重合的弧叫做等弧。he had measured me. (还没来得及)It will be/wasbefore要过多久才6. because, since, as 引导原因从句的区别:because表达直接原因，语气最强，回答why;since通常放句首，译为“既然”;as引导不谈自明的原因，语气最弱;7. as可以引导多种从句，要注意其中的区别。8. till, until和notuntil的区别;if和unless的区别。非谓语动词部分