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1、英文论文格式范本（本科）：题目： A Perspective of Psycho-analysis toFrankenstein s TragedyThesis: A Perspective of Psycho-analysis toFrankenstein sTragedy-从精神分析角度看弗兰肯斯坦的悲剧School or Department: College of Foreign LanguagesGrade and Specialty:Name:Advisor:June10,2013AbstractFrankenstein is the magnum opus of Mary She
2、lley, she wrote Frankenstein in a writers challenge from Lord Byron in 1816-1817. The story, based on a horrendous vision, was composed during sweeping life changes. Frankenstein was published anonymously in 1818.In Frankenstein, the factors, including the special relationship between Frankenstein a
3、nd the monster created by himdistorted characters strange behaviors complicated psychological changesand hidden writing purpose of the autho r provide the possibility and necessity for the psychological analysis. This paper adopts Freud psychoanalytical theory as an approach to analyze the personali
4、ty structure of the main characters Frankenstein and the monster, and to disclose the relationship between personality defect and life tragedy, and the importance of the wholesome personality to harmonious life, through the study of the interaction among Id Ego and Super-ego.This thesis aims to anal
5、ysis the perspective of psycho-analysis toFrankenstein s tragedy, which will help readers well understand the theme of the relationship between thecharacters tragic fate and personality structureKey words: Freud; psychoanalysis; personality structure; Id; Ego; Super-ego摘要弗兰肯斯坦是玛丽雪莱的代表作，她在拜伦勋爵的挑战下于18
6、16-1817年写了弗兰肯斯坦。这个故事来自于一个可怕的设想，是在人生变化期间编成的。 弗兰肯斯坦出版于1818年。在弗兰肯斯坦中，包含科学怪人和他创造的怪物的特殊关系，扭曲的人物， 奇怪的行为，复杂的心理变化，和隐藏着的作者的意图等在内的因素， 为心理分 析提供了可能性和必要性。这篇文章借助弗洛伊德的精神分析理论分析了主要人 物的人性结构。弗兰肯斯坦和怪物，人们之间并不亲密的关系，和他们的人生悲 剧，还有整个人性对和谐生活的重要性， 在弗洛伊德的“本我”、“自我”、“超我” 中的体现。这个主题意在从精神分析角度分析弗兰肯斯坦的悲剧，这将帮助读者更 好地理解人物悲惨的命运和人性结构的关系这个主
7、题。Table of ContentsAbstractTable of Contentsii.Chapter 1 Introduction1.Chapter 2 Literary Review2.Chapter 3 Freuds Death Instinct23.1 The First Function Part of Human Personality-Id23.2 The Second Function Part of Human Personality-Ego23.3 The Third Function Part of Human Personality-Superego2Chapte
8、r 4 AnalysisFrankenstein tragedy from Freuds Death Instinct24.1 The Combination of Science Fantasy and Gothic Horror24.2 The Circumstances ofDeathand the Monstes Crazy Revenge2Chapter 5 The inspiration of Frankenstein2Chapter 6 Conclusion3.Bibliography3.Acknowledgements4.Chapter 1 IntroductionMary S
9、helley was born in 18th-century London to two influential writers. Her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft, was a radical feminist who died after giving birth to Mary, and her father, William Godwin, raised her alone. Mary left home at 16, married Percy Shelley after his first wifes suicide, and wrote Frank
10、enstein in a writers challenge from Lord Byron in 1816-1817. The story, based on a horrendousvision, was composed during sweeping life changes. Frankenstein was published anonymously in 1818. However, the story is enduring in its psychological drama, questions asked, and memorable characterizations.
11、 The story has adapted to manyFedvedop a fullforms, with each adaptation telling a very different version of Shelleys original tale.Frankenstein was a truly genius in science. Yet he didncharacter. While he was obsessed in his horrid experiment, he never thought of the possibly tragic consequence.Th
12、e pursuit of successand the prospect of creating a whole new race preoccupied his mind and barred him from rational reasoning. When it was finally finished, realizing it was not the consummation of his career, but rather the commencement of a serial catastrophe, he abandonedthe poor creature, like a
13、 deformed baby left behind by their ruthless parents. It was Frankenstein s irresponsibility that triggered the following tragedies. He shouldn t have createdcreature; he shouldn t have abandoned it either. In no circumstances shdaodyanycommit sins. In case it already came true one should do everyth
14、ing they can to amend it, rather than run away from it. Besides, he never had a practical plan or tried to think up one to tackle the situation. He spent all his time in moaning and groaning. Many a time he drowned himself in sadness,regardless of the creature he set loose to the world. Men don act
15、like that! Maybe God is fair. He bestowed Frankenstein an exceptionally brilliant brain, yet didn btestow a mind strong enough to sustain the pain.-ftedvedop a fullChapter 2 Literary ReviewFrankenstein was a truly genius in science. Yet he didncharacter. While he was obsessed in his horrid experimen
16、t, he never thought of the possibly tragic consequence.The pursuit of successand the prospect of creating a whole new race preoccupied his mind and barred him from rational reasoning. When it was finally finished, realizing it was not the consummation of his career, but rather the commencement of a
17、serial catastrophe, he abandonedthe poor creature, like a deformed baby left behind by their ruthless parents. It was Frankenstein s irresponsibility that triggered the following tragedies. He shouldn t have createdcreature; he shouldn t have abandoned it either.Chapter 3 Freuds Death InstinctFreud
18、put forward a triple personality theory, namely the id, ego, superego. The id, ego and superego are always conflicting, especially the id and superego are often in a state of irreconcilable antagonism.3.1 The First Function Part of Human Personality-IdIn the Freudian system, the Id is the container
19、of the instinctual urges. It is the unconscious part of mind, which seeks immediate sat is faction of desires. It is concerned with what a person wants to do.3.2 The Second Function Part of Human Personality-EgoEgo is the rational, thoughtful, realistic personal ity process. It is characterized by a
20、 desire for independence, autonomy and self direction. It is concerned with what a person can do.3.3 The Third Function Part of Human Personality-SuperegoSuperegois the idealized image that a person builds of himself in response to authority and social pressures.Chapter 4 Analysis Frankenstein trage
21、dy from Freuds Death Instinct4.1 The Combination of Science Fantasy and Gothic HorrorMonster is a more primitive life forms, here, Freuds death instinct and survival instinct will appear obviously, and he is a necessity unacceptable man precisely.4.2 The Circumstances of Death and the Monster s Reve
22、ngefamily.Death is the end of the monster, when the death instinct turned to the outside world, the monster will project death instinct on the creator and the creator And when the monster project death instinct on himself, he will blame and resent himself, and finally, resulting to suicide.Chapter 5
23、 The inspiration of FrankensteinEthics and Law is one of a road, but the road is implemented by limiting human behaviors. And art shape anew world, that s also a plaforrms to think about the problems of reality. In this world, all the unreasonable situations will not cause real tragedies.Chapter 6 C
24、onclusionFreud sd theory reflects one of his dissatisfactions with modern civilization. He believed that modern civilization will bring unhappy results by its limits to people, and in such a modern civilized society, both sex and aggressive impulses will be suppressed,so he is dissatisfaction. Freud
25、 theory has not only reasonable aspects, but also biases. However, his theory indeed provides a new perspective for human to understand themselves and the world created by them.Bibliography1弗洛伊德.精神分析引论新编M.高觉敷译.北京：商务印书馆，1987: 84.2玛丽*莱.弗兰肯斯坦M.刘新民译.上海：上海译文出版社，2007: 48.3弗洛伊德.S.自我与本我M.林尘，张唤民，陈伟奇，译.上海：上海译
26、 文出版社，2011.4 WILLIAM J . The ego J. The British Medical Journal, 1927, 1(3465)5雅各布斯M .精神分析之父弗洛伊德M.于而彦，译.上海：学林出版社，2007.6 SHELLEY M . Frankenstein M,张佥L 译.北京:中国城市出版社，2009.7苏耕欣.自我、欲望与叛逆哥特小说中的潜意识投射J.国外文学，2005(4):52 59.8殷明明.19世纪欧美文学中的魔鬼及其精神分析学诠释D.上海:华东师 范大学，2007AcknowledgementsWith the composition of the
27、 thesis coming to an end, I have at last obtained an opportunity to express my gratitude to my supervisor, who has not only given me her generous and instructive advice, and valuable materials, but also spent much time reading and correcting the manuscript of the thesis. Besides, teachers constant e
28、ncouragementand help during my study here could not be underestimated for the fulf川ment of this thesis.I am also thankful to other teachers of College of Foreign Languages, whose courses I have attended and from whom I have learned much.I would also like to acknowledge my deep indebtedness to my parents who spare no pains bringing me up.