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1、【精品】新目标八年级下册_英语语法知识点精讲 练习Practice makes perfect! (一)一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do (动词原形)结构:表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如:It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法: 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will
2、 rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下: 一般疑问句构成: (1)will+主语+do? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? (2)there be 结构的一般疑问句:Will there + be ? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, t
3、here wont 否定句构成:will + not (wont)+do Sarah wont come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成: 特殊疑问词，will，主语，,What will Sarah do next Sunday? (二)should的用法: should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not. 例如:I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think sh
4、e should walk a lot. 她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。 Students shouldnt spend too much time playing computer games. 学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。 学习向别人提建议的几种句式: (1)I think you should (2)Well, you could (3)Maybe you should (4)Why dont you? (5)What about doing sth.? (6)Youd better do sth. (三)过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或
5、者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。 1. 构成 was /were + doing，例如: I was watching TV at 9 oclock last night. at 9 oclock last night是时间点 They were playing football all afternoon. all afternoon是时间段 2. 过去进行时的标志词 Practice makes perfect! at 8 oclock last night, this time yesterday等。例如: I was having lunch at home this time ye
6、sterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。 At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一本书。(表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。) (四)间接引语 形成步骤: (1)不要逗号，冒号，引号 (2)要考虑到人称的变化(人称的变化与汉语是一致的) (3)要考虑时态的变化 (4)要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。 1. 直接引语变成间接引语时，几个主要时态的变化规律 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 2. 直接引语变成间接引语时，一些词汇的变化规律 直接引语 间接引语 1. am /
7、is 1. was 2. are 2. were 3. have / has 3. had 4. will 4. would 5. can 5. could 6. may 6. might 4. 动词时态和代词等的变动 (1). 某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则: 直接引语 间接引语 today that day now then, at that moment yesterday the day before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next day / the foll
8、owing day the day after tomorrow two days after, / in two days next week/ month etc the next week/month etc last week/ month etc the week / month etc. before here there this that these those come go bring take (2). 如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态，代词，限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时，以上内容就要有相应变化。变化情况如下: 现在时间推移
9、到过去的时间(注意:如果直接引语是表示客观规律的,那么时态仍然用一般现在时 Practice makes perfect! 一般现在时 ?一般过去时; 现在进行时 ?过去进行时; 一般将来时 ?过去将来时; 现在完成时 ?过去完成时; (五)if引导的条件状语从句 结构:if，一般现在时，主语，将来时 含义:如果，将要 例如:If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请求他，他会帮助你。 If need be, well work all night. 如果需要，我们就干个通宵。 if 引导的条件状语从句。If是连词，所连接的句子 叫条件状语 从句，表示假设或条
10、件，意“ 如果的话”，用法如下: 思是1、表示假设，表示将会发生和可能发生的事，或进行提醒警告。句子结构如下: If +句子(一般现在时)，+主句(主语will/may/can) +动词) a. If you finish your homework , you can go out and play. b. If I have enough money next year , I will go to travel . 2. 表示真实条件、客观真理、自然现象、定理定义 . 民 间谚语等，句型是: If + 句子 (一般现在时 )，+ 主句 ( 一般现在时). 例: If you study
11、hard ,you are sure to succeed . If you put ice in a warm place ,it turns into water . If a glass falls on the floor, it usually breaks If you cook a banana, it becomes very soft . If a plant dont get enough light ,it grows very tall and thin. 【试题答案】 一. 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. A 10
12、. C 11. B 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. B 二. 1. C 2. D 3. E 4. A 5. B 三. 1. what, advice 2. buying, called 3. out, of 4. about, on 5. surprise, on 四. 1. C 2. B 3. E 4. D 5. A 五. (A)1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A (B)1. C 2. B 3. F 4. G 5. E Practice makes perfect! 实战操练 (答题时间:80分钟) 一. 选择填空。 ( )1. Beijing won the ch
13、ances _ the 2008 Olympics. A. to host B. host C. hosting D. hosted ( )2. Tiger Woods can make billions _ dollars a year. A. for B. with C. of D. on ( )3. ,You looked so beautiful at the party. ,_. A. No, I dont think so B. Of course C. Thank you very much D. No, Im not beautiful ( )4. The text is ve
14、ry easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a few B. a little C. few D. little ( )5. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper _ “Who Moved My cheese”was an interesting book. A. that B. what C. how D. if ( )6. ,In our English study reading is more interesting than speaking, I think. ,I don
15、t agree. Speaking is _ reading. A. as important as B. so important as C. the more important D. the most important ( )7. If he _ harder, hell catch up with us. A. work B. works C. worked D. will work ( )8. The manager _ that the business would be worse after the stock (股票)went down. A. talked B. told
16、 C. said D. spoke ( )9. We should keep _ in the reading-room. A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly ( )10. ,I think everything goes on well. ,_. A. So I do B. I do so C. So do I D. So is I ( )11. If you want to watch TV, you may turn _. A. down B. it on C. on it D. it off ( )12. Im sorry I havent
17、got any money. Ive _ my handbag at home. A. missed B. left C. put D. forgotten ( )13. He is listening to the music _ she is washing clothes. A. after B. before C. that D. while ( )14. It takes _ time to go to Beijing by plane than by train. A. more B. fewer C. longer D. less ( )15. ,Excuse me. Have
18、you got an eraser? ,Sorry, I havent. Why _ you ask Mary? Perhaps shes got one. A. do B. dont C. did D. didnt Practice makes perfect! 二. 选择恰当的答语。 _1. What were you doing when the UFO landed? A. Your teacher wont let you in. _2. Will people use paper money in the future? B. He said I couldnt stay out
19、late. _3. I cant sleep, what should I do? C. I was doing my homework. _4. If I wear jeans to school, what will happen? D. No, they wont. Everyone will have a credit card. _5. What did your father say? E. You should listen to some relaxing music. 三. 根据汉语提示填空: 1. 不知道该怎么办，你能给我点建议吗, I dont know _ to do,
20、 can you give me some _? 2. 外星人正在买纪念品的时候，我给警察打了个电话。 While the alien was _ a souvenir, I _ the police. 3. 我放学回家的路上，看见一只猫从窗户里跑了出来。 On my way home from school, I saw a cat get _ _ a window. 4. 我不想在电话里跟你谈论这件事情。 I dont want to talk _ it with you _ the phone. 5. 我们要在周五晚上为约翰举办一个惊喜的晚会。 We are going to have
21、a _ party for John _ Friday evening. 四. 完形填空: 把下面五个句子放在文章中的恰当位置，使文章完整。 Three men went up in a balloon(气球). They started early in London. The headman was Ted, and the other two men were Davy and Emilio. 1 Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope (绳子), and it was hanging down from th
22、e basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So 2 . It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand. After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 metres, and 3 . The water in the bal
23、loon became ice. Snow fell past the mens basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. 4 , but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on a
24、n icy lake and made a black hole in the ice. At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so 5 . They rose to 5,100 metres! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in Poland heavily but safely. They had travelled 1,797 kilometres from
25、London! A. The men tried to throw out some more sand B. they were able to change its weight (重量) C. They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way. D. they climbed to get away from the snow E. the air there was very cold 五. 阅读理解 (A) Einstein Was Waiting for His Friend Practice makes perfe
26、ct! Once Einstein was waiting for one of his friends on a bridge. He was thinking a oblem. While he was waiting, it began to rain. The rain kept on for some time. When Einstein took out a piece of paper from his pocket to write something down, the paper was wet and then he knew that it was raining.
27、His clothes had become wet. But after he put the paper into his pocket, he forgot he was standing in the rain again. Many scientists are not careful with their lives. This is because they are too careful with their studies. 1. What did Einstein do? He was _. A. a doctor B. a teacher C. a scientist 2
28、. Why was Einstein on a bridge. A. Because he was writing something on the bridge. B. Because he was waiting for a friend. 53.264.1生活中的数3 P24-29C. Because he was thinking. 3. It rained _. A. sometimes B. for some time C. for a long time 七、学困生辅导和转化措施4. Einstein _ and began to write something on it. 2
29、、加强基础知识的教学，使学生切实掌握好这些基础知识。特别是加强计算教学。计算是本册教材的重点，一方面引导学生探索并理解基本的计算方法，另一方面也通过相应的练习，帮助学生形成必要的计算技能，同时注意教材之间的衔接，对内容进行有机的整合，提高解决实际问题的能力。A. bought a piece of paper. 5、多一份关心、帮助，努力发现他们的闪光点，多鼓励、表扬他们，使其体验成功、努力学习。B. took a piece of paper from his car. 本册教材在第五单元之后安排了一个大的实践活动，即“分扣子”和“填数游戏”。旨在综合运用所学的知识，从根据事物的非本质的、表
30、面的特征把事物进行分类，发展到根据客观事物抽象、本质的特征进行不同方式的分类，促进孩子逻辑思维能力的发展。同时，安排学生填数游戏，旨在对孩子的口算能力、逻辑思维能力和观察能力的训练，感受数学的乐趣!C. took out a piece of paper from his pocket. （4）二次函数的图象：是以直线为对称轴，顶点坐标为（，）的抛物线。（开口方向和大小由a来决定）5. Which is true? A. Einstein was careful with his work. B. Einstein was careful with his clothes. C. Einste
31、in was careful with his friends. 5.圆周角和圆心角的关系:(B) 生活中总会有许多意外事故发生，懂得急救或自救是非常重要的。请阅读下面材料，根据1,5小题所描述的救护方法，从A-G七幅图中找出与题意相应的图画(本题共有七幅图，你只能选五幅图，多选不7、每学完一个单元的内容，做到及时复习，及时考核，这样可以及时了解学生对知识的掌握情况，以便及时补差补漏。给分。) 1. If the person has stopped breathing, you must try to start his / her breathing at once. The best t
32、hing is to use the mouth-to-mouth way. Lay the person on his / her back and breathe into his / her mouth. 2. If the person is bleeding (流血)badly, you must try to stop the bleeding. Press on the bleeding point with a piece of clean cloth and hold up the part of the body which is bleeding. 3. If you a
33、re bitten (cut by teeth)by an animal, wash the cut under cold running water. Cover the broken part, if there is any, with a piece of clean cloth. Then see a doctor as soon as possible. 七、学困生辅导和转化措施4. If you are burnt (hurt by fire or something very hot), cool the burnt part at once. Run cool (not co
34、ld)water over the burn until it is less painful. Then put a piece of dry clean cloth over the burnt part. 5. If there is a fire, never use a lift in the building, because its very dangerous. The lift may get trapped between floors. Use the stairs and leave the building at once. 1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _ Here are some pictures to choose. 33.123.18加与减（一）3 P13-17