《最新人教版初中英语语法大全_优秀名师资料.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《最新人教版初中英语语法大全_优秀名师资料.doc（188页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、人教版初中英语语法大全_-专注育服专专教教人版新目专初中英专专法大全教初中英专专法学习提习一、专专、句子成分和专法,构1、专专,英专专专分十专,名专、形容专、代专、专、冠专、专专、副专、介专、专专、感专专数。1、名专(), 表示人、事物、地点或抽象念的名。如,概称,n.boy morning bag ball class orange.2、代专(), 主要用代替名专。如来,pron.who she you it .3、形容专(),表示人或事物的性专或特征。如,adj.good, right, white, orange . 4、专数(), 表示目或事物的专序。如,数num.one, two,
2、three, first, second, third, fourth.5、专专(), 表示专作或专。如,状v.am, is,are,have,see .6、副专(), 修专专专、形容专或其他副专,专明专专、地点、程度等。如,adv.now, very, here, often, quietly slowly.7、冠专(),用在名专前,助专明名专。如,帮art.a, an, the.8、介专(), 表示后面的名专或代专其他句子成分的专系。如它与prep.in, on, from, above, behind.9、专专(), 用专接专、短专或句子。如来conj.and, but, before
3、.10、感专专()表示喜、怒、哀、专等感情。如,interj.oh, well, hi, hello.2、句子成分,英专句子成分分专七专,主专、专专、专专、定专、专、表专、专专专足专状。1、主专是句子所要专的人或事物,回答是“专”或者“什专”。通常用名专或代专任。如,担Im Miss (我是格林小姐)Green.2、专专专专专明主专的专作或专状,回答“做(什专)”。主要由专专任。如,担Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打专房专)3、表专在系专专之后,专明主专的身或特征份,回答是“什专”或者“专专”。通常由名专、代专或形容专任。怎担如,(我的名字叫萍萍)M
4、y name is Ping ping . 4、专专表示及物专专的专象或专果,回答做的是“什专”。通常由名专或代专任。如,担He can spell the (他能拼专专个)word.有些及物专专专有专专两个,一指物个,一指人。指物的叫直接专专个,指人的叫专接专专。专接专专一般放在直接专专的前面。如,(他专我写了一封信)He wrote me a letter . 有专可把介专或加在专接专专前成短专构,放在直接专专后面,强专专接专专。如,来toforHe (他专我写了一封信)wrote a letter to me .、定专修专名专或代专,通常由形容专、代专、专等任。如,数担5(上海是个大城市
5、)Shanghai is a big city .、专状用修专专专、形容专、副专来,通常由副专任。如,担(他工作努力)6He works hard .、专专专足专用专明专专专专或干什专来怎,通常由形容专或专专充。如,当7They usually keep their classroom (他专通常专室保持教清专) (他常常我帮做功专)clean./ He often helps me do my lessons. / The (老专要我自法专学)teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.?同位专通常专在名专、代专后面跟,专一步专明的情。如,
6、它况(的你同专姆学Where is your classmate Tom ?在里,哪)第1专共58专金太专源阳教学网-专注育服专专教教3、专法,构英专专法主要有,合成法、派生法和专专法。构1、合成法,如, 等等。spaceship,headache,basketball,playground2、派生法,(1)派生名专,?专专+?专专+?专专+?形容专?其他,如,er/or ing (t)ion +ness inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge派生形容专,?名专+?名专+?专专
7、+?(2)y ful ing/ed friendly dangerous Chinese; ?名国+如,Japanese English French German (i)an snowy, sunny, hopeful, 每日的, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily()nervous, delicious 3)派生副专,?形容专+?其它,如,?(ly slowly, angrily, fullfully, goodwell, ?等等。possiblepossibly3、专专法,(1)形容专?专专,如,干燥的?弄干干专的?打专,弄干专,等等。dry(
8、)dry(), clean()clean()(2)专专?名专,如,等等。look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk()名专?专专,如,手?专专专?面专等等。3hand()(),face()()(4)形容专?副专,如,?等等。earlyearly, fastfast(5)副专?专专,如,什专专候?当专候等等。when()(),(6)介专?副专,如,到里?在里面在家,在上?专行,专专,等等。in()()on()()二、名专,1、英专名专可分专有名专和普通名专大专,两、专有名专是专的人、地、物、专、机等的专用名。个体构称专有名专中专专的第一字母要大。个
9、写,(中专人民共和国) Beijing Tom, the Peoples Republic of China专有名专如果是含有普通名专的短专,专必专使用定冠专。如,专城thethe Great Wall()姓氏名如果采用专形式数,专表示专姓氏一家人(专含专数),如,格林一家人)。the Greens( 2、普通名专是专多人或事物的共有名。如,称pupil, family, man, foot.普通名专又分专可名专和不可名专。数数?可名专数是可以用专专的专专行专的名专数数,如, ,box, child orange?不可名专数是不可以用专专的专专行专的名专。如,数数water, news, oi
10、l, population, information .2、英专可名专的专专,数数英专可名专有专和专专形式。数数数两1、名专由专专专专的基本方法如下,数数?在专名专专尾加数。如,?,?,?, ?smap mapsboy boyshorse horsestable tables.?专尾的专加如,?,?,?,?,s,o,x ,sh,ches.classclasses boxboxes heroheroes dishdishes ?benchbenches.注,少以数专尾的专,专专专只加数。如,?,?osphotophotos pianopianos.?以专音字母加专尾的名专,专专,再加。如,?,?
11、yyiesfamilyfamilies citycities ?partyparties.?以或专尾的名专,专或专,再加。如,?,?,?,ffeffevesshelfshelves wolfwolves lifelives ?knifeknives.第2专共58专金太专源阳教学网-专注育服专专教教2、不专专专化,?,?manmen womanwomen, sheepsheeptoothteeth fishfish ?,?childchildren oxoxen, goosegeese不可名专一般有专形式数没数,专明其量专数,要用有专专量名专。如,?a bag of ricetwo bags o
12、f , ?,?ricea piece of paperthree pieces of paper a bottle of milkfive bottles of milk. 3、名专所有格,1、 名专所有格表示所专系属,相于物主代专当,在句中作定专、专专或主专。其成法如下,构(1)表示人或其有生命的专西的名专常在专尾加它。如,(童专儿),sChilderns Day my sisters (我姐姐的专)book(2)以或专尾的专名专。只在专尾加数。如,(专专教)sesTeachers Day(3)有些表示专专、距以及世界、家、城专等无生命的名专离国,也可在专尾加如,s. (今天的专专)(十分专
13、的专专休息)todays newspaper, ten minutes break,(中的国人口)Chinas population.(4)无专表示有生命专是无生命的专西的名专,一般均可用介专短专表示所有专系。如,来of(的好女党儿)a fine daughter of the Party.2、注解, ? 专可以表示某人的家或者某店专个,如,我阿姨家)专所)smy aunts(, the doctors(? 人共有某物专两,可以采用 的形式,如,露西和专专合住A and Bs Lucy and Lilys bedroom(的专室)? “名专所有格/名专性物主代专”,专专重所有格称双,如,我父o
14、f+a friend of my fathers(专的一位朋友) 我的一位朋友,a friend of mine()4、名专或代专作主专专和专专之专的专专的一致专专,数专专1、和专专基本保持专专的一致数,主专是可名专专或不可名专专即数数数,专专专专用专形式,如,数The (专算机是了不起的专明个)computer was a great invention.The water in the glass is very cold.(璃杯里的水冷玻很)、集名专体(如等)做句子主专专,2family, class, team, group, row, police, school? 如果表示整体概念
15、,专专专用专形式数,如,(三班是好Class Three is a very good class.班)? 如果表示其中的所有成专专,专专专用专形式数,如,(三 Class Three have a map of China.班有专中地专国)、等表示专专专专用专个数,表示专多专,专专用专。如,数3Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, peopleThere is a (院子里有只专羊)/(院子里有一些专羊)sheep in the yard. There are some sheep in the yard.4、,等专然有专尾,但不是专数,因此专专仍用专,数(专个消息
16、令maths newssThe news is very exciting. 人专专)5、等名专往往用专形式数,故专专用专。如,数glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves(专子很便宜,我想专)The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.6、后名专专专专专用专形式跟数数,不可名专专专专用专形式。如,跟数数a lot of A lot of students are (专在有专多生在打专学球)(大量playing baseball now. A lot of time was wasted on th
17、at work.的专专花在了那个工作上)(被专句)7、专接名专做主专专两个,专专原专上用专数,但是名专两个构个体若成一整事物专,专专专用专。如,数and The teacher and his son are ing a(老专和他的子在儿苹摘果) pick pples now. / Fish (专和薯条是一专出名的食品)and chips is very famous food.8、 句型中的专专一般由数靠决近的名专定。如,there be beThere is a table and four chairs in the (房专里有一专子和桌四专椅子)room.第3专共58专金太专源阳教学网
18、-专注育服专专教教、用专接事物做主专专两个,专专一般用专。如,数9bothandBoth you and I are required to be here (和我明天要你来求都)tomorrow.、主专中含有的短专专,专专专专由数之前的人物定。如,决10withwithA woman with a 7-year-old child (一名专女专着一七专的个孩子(专当)就站在路专)was standing at the side of the road. 、或者 专接人物做句子主专专两个,专专采用就近原专。如,11eitherorneithernorEither you (要专是专你,要专是他
19、专。你个和他有一人是专的)or he is right./ / Neither you nor I am going (和我你都不打算去那里)there. 、表示一段专专或专度念的专名专做主专专概数,专专一般用专。如,数(两12Two months is not a short time.个个月不是短专专)距离(两当千千米是相专Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance().的一段距离)、主专中含有()等专专专,专专的专专由名专定数确,如,13half of / three quartersof / all (of) the .(因特上网四
20、分之三以上Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.的信息是用英专的写)(生的学三分之一 / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(专当)正在湖专玩耍)(专些河流中的水已专被 / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.专染了)(被专句)但是,一专又有特殊情, 况(中人口是多少,国)populationWhats the population of China?(句子用专数
21、)阿拉伯人(专城市个四 / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs().分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用专数)、部分名专用法辨析,51、的专,区通常指“专外运专”,以专专专主,念专大概意思sportgamematchrace sportgame是“专、运比专”,不管专专内体外专是专力力,指以专专专主的专运意专“专专、比专”,多指正match式比专主要表示“专、专专、专专”。如,跑(全racePeople all around the world enjoy sports.世界的人都喜专专运)(2008在奥运会将 / The
22、 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.北京专行)(被专句)专专(我专学校足球专取 / Our school football team won the league match().得了专专冠专)(专他专很棒,专得了划艇比专) / They were strong and won the boat race.、的专,区“专日”,指喜专的日子或持专一段专专的文专活专2festivalholidayvacationfestival假日、休息日,指法定假日或专俗专专,专可以表示一专专的数个假期“假holiday()vacation期”,指专或工作中一
23、学段专专专的休息。如,The Shanghai Television Festival will be held (上海专专专在下将个月专行)next month. / Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是个假日,多人不工作数) / What are you going to do during the summer (在暑期你打算做什专事情,)vacation/holidays?、的专,区指在专地上(或海上或空中)专行的专途旅行,不知专点,3journeytourtriptraveljourney含有辛苦的意思指途中作短期
24、逗留的巡回旅行,强专游专多专,常用指专来光等通tourtrip常指往返定专的短途旅行,如出差度假等多指专期或专途的专光旅行,尤其指到国外,没travel有明目的地确,也作不可名专数,指旅行专一行专。如,He made up his mind to make the (他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)(他步行专journey to Dunhuang./ He has gone on a walking tour.光去了)(去年他去了上海好几次) / He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar. / Did you 圣地专哥(旅行期专你圣去地专哥了专,)go
25、to Santiago() during your travels? / Travelling (在密林里专穿行是很危专的)through thick forests is dangerous.、的专,区指各专音声主要指“音”噪指人的4soundnoisevoicesoundnoisevoice“音”。如,嗓(街上的喧专专我专声夜专The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.眠)(突然专专专和一专来几声响声 / All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.第4专共58专金
26、太专源阳教学网-专注育服专专教教尖叫)(因专感冒的专故,专 / The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.个她嗓歌唱家失去了专专般的音)、的专专,指专多专条且不管专专专,用,专专相同数 指专多专专的专指“专肉”专5fishfishfishesfish是不可名专。如,数(池子里有多专专的专很)There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. / I (与肉相比我更喜专专)prefer fish to meat.三、代专,、代专的分专,英专中代专分专,人代专、物主代专、称反身
27、代专、指示代专、专系代专、疑专代专、专接代专1和不定代专等等。、人代专,称人代专代替人和事物的名称称,分专主格和专格专形式。两2第一人第二人第三人专称数第一人第二人第三人专称数称数专专称数专专称数专专称数专专阳性专性中性Iyou (你)hesheitweyouthey (他专,专她,主它)专格(我)(他)(她)(它)(我专)(专你)meyou (你)himheritusyouthem (他专,专她,专它)专格(我)(他)(她)(她)(我专)(专你)、主格用作句子的来主专、表专。如, (星期天我常去专物)1I often go shopping on Sundays. / (他专是巴西人专,)(
28、他专上哪儿去了,)Are they from Brazil? / Where have they gone? / (就那专回事)(是他,)Thats it. / Its he!、专格用作及物专专或者介专的来专专。如,(今年专专的英教你2Who teaches you English this year?专,)(救救我,)(我专常专他信写) / Help me! / We often write letters to her.、人代专称作表专或者放在比专专专句专专状从或之后专,可以用主格形式,也可以用专格形式,3thanas口专中大多用专格。如,(是专,)(是我。)-Who is it? Its
29、 I/me.、 三个称不同人同专出专,或者主专中包含“我”专,按照“?”的专序表。如,达4youheI(我和他都在那家专专公司上班)Both he and I are working at that computer company. (专要去那儿,)(和我你)Who will go there? You and me.、 人代专称除了可以指人指物之外,专可以表示“专专、天、度、距、情”等含专气温离况,此外专5it可以作“非人代专”使用称,替代作主专或者专专的不定式、专名专或者名专性句。如,从-(今天天专,气怎)(天气晴好)Whats the weather like today?Its fi
30、ne. / -Whats the (点,几啦),00.(12点)(那可要走好专的路)time? Its 12 / Its a long way to go. / It took (打专屋子花了他三天的专专)him three days to clean his house. / It is very clear that the (专很然,公想知道众专些人什专专候能public want to know when these men can go into space.专入太空)(我专专专要好一专学外专 / We found it very difficult to learn a forei
31、gn language well.是非常困专的)、物主代专,专明事物所专系的代专属,分专形容专性和名专性专。两3第一人第二人第三人专称数第一人称第二人第三人专称数专 数称数专专阳性专性中性称数专专称数专专myyourhisheritsouryourtheir (他专的,专的她,它形容专的)(我的)(的你)(他的)(的她)(的它)(我专的)(专的你)专性mineYourshishersitsoursyourstheirs(他专的,她专的,它名专第5专共58专金太专源阳教学网-专注育服专专教教专的)性(我的)(的你)(他的)(的她)(的她)(我专的)(专的你)1、形容专性物主代专只能作句子中名专的
32、修专专,后面要名专。如,跟(那是的专专,你)(我专常Is that your umbrella? / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.在星期天去看望阿姨)(是他专的专) / They are their books.2、名专性物主代专相于名专当,代替事物又表明所专系既属,在句子中往往立独地作主专、专专或者表专,后面千万不可以名专。如,跟(专是的杯子你,可我的在,哪儿)This is your cup,but where is mine? / Your (专的室大你教很,我专的相小当)classroom is very big, but ours is
33、rather small.、“名专性物主代专”专专重所有格称双,作定专专放在名专的后面。如,3of + (我的一朋友个来昨天看我了)指若干朋A friend of mine came to see me yesterday. (友中有一个来看我。)专比专 (我的朋友昨天来看我了)指我的那个 My friend came to see me yesterday.(特定的朋友来看我。)4、反身代专,表示专专的专作主专有专或者专专专足专的专作专专有专。与与第一第二人第三人专称数第一人专称第二人专称第三人专称数人数数称数专专阳性专性中性称专数myselyourselfhimselfherselfits
34、elfourselvesyourselvesthemselves f(他专/专她/专它(自你己)(他自己)(自她己)(自它己)(我专自己)(专自你己)自己)(我自己)1、反身代专在句子中作专专表示反射(指一专作回到专专作专行者本身个)。如,(不要玩刀子,那割会你专的)Dont play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.2、在句子中作同位专表示强专(用强专名专或代专的专即来气)。如,(故事本身是好的,只是他有专好没)The story itself is good.Only he didnt tell it well.、 指示代专, 指示专明近专或
35、者专专、上文或者下文、以前或者专在的人或事物。6专数专数含专this(专个)these(专些)指专近的人和物that(那个)those(那些)指专专的人和物such (专专的人/物)指上文提专的人和物same (同专的人/物)指和上文提专的相同的人和物it (专人/专物)指不太清楚是专或者是什专专指示代专可以专使用做句子的主专、专专或表专既独,也可以作定专修专名专。如,(专是什专,)/ (那只模型专机是塑料做Whats this? That model plane is made of plastic.的)(被专句)(专得永专不要做专专的事情) / Remember never to do s
36、uch things. / Do the (按老专专的做)/ (是专,)(是我,)same as the teacher tells you.-Who is it? -Its me!6、专系代专,用来从引专定专句的代专叫专系代专,专后面的定专句。参从1、专系代专、 、等,定专句和主句专接起。英专中的专系代专一方面在将从来who whichthat whom 从担句中任一定的成分,一方面又起专接作用。 另如,(正在的画画学生是一年专The student who is drawing a picture is in Grade One.的)、专系代专指人,如果作句的专专从,专有专省略。如,2wh
37、o / whom第6专共58专金太专源阳教学网-专注育服专专教教(专专你那戴着个专帽子的男人专,)Do you know the man who is wearing a red hat? 3、专系代专指物,如果作句的专专从,专有专省略。如,which Have you found the book which you (到你找几天前专失的那本专了专,)lost several days ago?4、专系代专既可指人也可指物,如果作句的专专从,专有专省略。如,thatCan you see the man/dog (你跑看得专专着河的男人狗了专,) that is running along
38、the river bank ?/7、专接代专,用来引专专专句、主专句或表专句从从从的专接专称专接代专。英专中专接代专主要有,(什专)(专)(专)(哪个)(专的)。专专相专从what,who,whom,which,whose句。8、不定代专,代替或修专不特指的人或事物的代专叫不定代专。someno/eachoneeither,sothe other,专数专合不含专定代专anynone(every)neitheranothermuchlittle,all/不可数/含专a littlemanyfew,onesbothothers,专数含专a fewthe others 注,专合不定代专有12,个(
39、某事)(某人)(某人)something, someone, somebody, anything(任何事)(任何人)(任何人)(事没)(有人没), anyone, anybody, nothing,nobody, no (有人没)(一切)(每人个)(每人个) one, everything, everyone, everybody.(1)和 的用法,someany一般用于肯定句中,意思是“”、“一些”、“某”作定专专可修专可名专或不可几个个数数some名专。如,(今天我有些事情要做)I have some work to do today. / They will go there some
40、 (他专有朝一日会儿去那)day. 用于疑专句专,表示建专、专求或希望得到肯定回答。如,someWould you like some coffee with (要加你咖啡糖的专,)sugar?一般用于疑专句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一”个,作定专专可修专可或数any不可名专。如,数(他专在专里有朋友没)They didnt have any friends here. / Have you got (有专专要专专,你)any questions to ask?用于肯定句专,意思是“任何的”。(随来便专什专朋友Come here with any friend.any吧。)()和的
41、用法,2nonone是形容专,只能作定专表示,意思是“有”没,修专可名专数(专或专数数)或不可名专。如,数no(有专专了没,专快点)There is no time left. Please hurry up. / They had no reading books to (他专有专专用专可以没出借)lend.只能独立使用,在句子中可作主专、专专和表专,意思是“有一人没个(或事物)”,表示专none数数或专。如,(他专中有一在室里当没个教)None of them is/are in the classroom. / I (我有多的专很,但没有一本是有趣的)have many books, b
42、ut none is interesting. ()和的用法,3allboth指三者或三者以上的人或物,用代替或修专可名专也可用代替或修专不可来数来数all名专。指人或物两个,用代替或修专可名专。来数和在句子中作主专、专专、表专、定专等。如,bothallboth(他专学个国学校里四英生我全专专)I know all of the four British students in their school. (要专专是你个个两个那,都要。)/ -Would you like this one or that one? Both.第7专共58专金太专源阳教学网-专注育服专专教教和既可以修专名专(
43、名专),也可以独立使用,采用“名专allbothall/both+(the)+all/both + of the +(专数)”的形式,其中的可以省略。如,(是男孩都专皮)of All (of) (the) boys are naughty.(4)和用法,everyeach是形容专,只能作定专修专专名专数,意思是“每一”个,表示整体概念every是形容专、代专,可用作主专、专专、定专等,意思是“每”或者“个个各”,表示专念个概each可以放在名专前,可以后跟短专,专专同专与出专专要放在“专专、助专专、情专专专”之后eachofbe或者行专专专之前和都用作专数理解,但是下文中可以用专的代专既数如也
44、可以用专的数everyeach(he/him/his)代专如替代。如,(they/them/their)Every one of the students in his class studies very (他班上每生专个学学很都用功)hard. / They are very busy. Each of them has something (他专很忙,人人都有事干)to do. (5)和的用法,eitherneither意思是“中专的任两个个何一”是的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。eitherneithereither和在句子中可作主专、专专和定专等,都用作专。如,数neithereit
45、herI dont care much for what (我不介意喝些什专,之中两个随哪个便都行)to drink. Either of the two will do. / -Will (你坐公专去专是坐专专去,you go there by bus or by car? Neither. I will go there by train.一个都不坐,我坐火专去。)()、和的用法,6otherthe otheranother意思是“一”、“一些”另另,有专形式。在句子中可作主专、专专和定专。数意思是otheranother“另个外”、“又一”,表示增加,在句中可作专专和定专。如,Some
46、girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass (有些女孩在大果专下苹唱歌,专的就躺在草地上专专)talking. / You have had several (你几已专吃了好专专子了,的专要一专,你真) /cakes. Do you really want another one? (我专要四本专)I want another four books.另外的,再一,又一)与(另个外的一) 主要量上分从数区,只有专用两个another(the otherthe ,在原先基专上增加用。如, otheranotherThis is one of your socks. Where is the other (专是的一只子你袜,专有一只,呢)one? / I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.(我已专吃了4专蛋糕,但是我专要以专。)与的主要专,区指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分)指“其othersthe othersothersthe others余的人/物”,(指全部)。如,A few students are