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1、必修二重点语法被动语态适用学 科英语适用年级高一适用区 域全国人教版课时2课时知识点被动语态的与主动语态的区别被动语态的构成主动语态变被动语态的方法 主动表示被动的几种情况教学目 标知识：1.掌握被动语态的概念、结构和用法。2 .掌握主动变被动的方法。3 .掌握主动表示被动的几种情况。方法：要牢记被动语态的构成，主动变被动的方法，主动表示被动的几种 情况，并能灵活运用。能力：能通过语境分析出止确的语态。教学重 点1 .被动语态的应用。2 .主动表示被动的几种情况。教学难 点1 .时态和语态的结合使用。2 .主动表示被动的几种情况。教学过程一、课堂导入本单元我们将在原有知识的基础上学习新的单词和
2、词组，扩大词汇量和知识面，进一步提高英语水平。英语学习需要从“听说读写”各个方面着手，提高整体运用能力。二、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课重难点，并引入本节课程内容。由主动语态引出被动语词语辨析1. personal / private / individual2. after all/above all/at all/in all3. type / kind /sort4. deal with/do with词形变化1. explore vt. & vi. 勘探 ; 探测 ; 探险 exploration n. 勘 探 ; 探 测 ; 探 险exploratory adj. 勘探的 ; 探测
3、的 ; 探索的2. universe n. 宇宙 ; 世界 universal adj. 全体的 ; 共同的;普遍的；宇宙的3. appear v. 出现 ; 显现 ; 呈现 appearance n. 出现 ; 显现 ; 呈现 外表 ; 外貌 ; 外观重点单词1. sum n. 金额 ; 款项 ; 总数 ; 总和2. advantage n. 优点；优势；有利条件3. goal n. 球门；进球得的分；目标4. signal n.信号，手势，声音，暗号v.发信号；用信号传达；用信号与通讯5. arise vi. ( arose, arisen )出现；发生重点词组1. in common 共
4、同的；共有的；共用的2. in a/one way 在某种程度上, 从某种意义上说3. watch over 看守 ; 监视 ; 照看4. make up 化妆；化装；捏造，虚构(故事，诗等)重点句子1. By the1940s 工 had grown as large as a room, and I wondered if I would grow larger!2. However ， this reality also worried my designers三、知识讲解知识点 1主动语态和被动语态的区别：1 .Many people speak Chinese.2 . Chinese
5、 is spoken by many people.1 句是主动语态，表示主语是动作的执行者。即speak 的动作是由主语many people来执行的。2 句是被动语态，表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。主语 English是动词speak的承受者。知识点 2被动语态的构成：被动语态由 助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化 是通过be的变化表现出来的。1一般现在时：am/is/are done2一般过去时：was/were done3一般将来时：will/shall be done4现在进行时：am/is/arebeing done5现在完成时：have/has
6、 been done6含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词be done知识点 3何时使用被动语态：1. 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Some new bikes were stolen last night.This house was built in 1981.2. 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。The glass was broken by Tom.This book was written by him.Your homework must be finished on time.知识点 4主动语态变被动语态的方法：1. 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2. 把谓
7、语变成被动结构（be+过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。3. 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by 之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。知识点 5由主动语态变被动语态时应注意的问题：1主动语态和被动语态的动词时态应保持一致He bought a new car lasmonth. fA new car was bought by him last month.2 .含有短语动词的被动语态一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态。另外， 许多不及物动词加上介词或副词构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，后面也可加宾语。在变被动语态时，注意不可丢掉后面的介词
8、或副词，常见的这类短语动词有：take care of， look after，take off, look at, listen to, laugh at等。She is looking for you now. f Youare being looked for by her now.They laughed at him at themeeting. He was laughed at by them at the meeting.3 . 含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法： 将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变； 将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to 或 for 引导。例如
9、：He told us a story. f We were told a story (by hAstory was told to us by him. Her mother bought her a new pen. A new pen was bought for her by her mothe r 【注意】 一般说来，间接宾语前带to 的动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass,post, send, show, take, teach, tell, whte, thrown；间接宾语前带 for 的动词有：book, buy, call,
10、cook, do, get, make, save.4 .表示 使、让”的动词 make, have等，以及感官动词 see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to,look at等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的 to要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带to。如：I saw him go into the teachers office.f He was seen to go into the teachers office.Someone saw him swim in the Lake yesterda y f
11、 He was seen to swim in the Lake yesterday5 .含有被动意义的have/get吸语+过去分词I had(got) my hair cut.He had his money stolen.Mike had his leg hurt while playing the game.常见搭配：get arrested, get caught, get confused, get divorced, get dressed, getdrowned, get drunk, get killed, get lost, get married。知识点 6 主动形式表被
12、动意义：1 .连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, proved)要用主动表被动，因为连系 动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。如：The building looks very beautiful. Your idea proved / turned out to be wrong.2 .当 open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, car解用作 不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义，而且它们的状语一般是表示效果或程度的副词，如：we
13、ll, easily, smoothly。The door won t sh速门关不上。The book sells quickly/ well.比较： The books were sold in the ShenzhenBookshop.The cloth washes easily.比较： My clothes are washed by my mother.3 . There be结构中的不定式做定语时，用主动形式表被动意义。如：In the past, there were too many people to feed.There are many clothes to wash
14、today.4 .不定式to blame用作表语时，通常要用主动表被动。如：Who is to blame? 该怪谁呢？If anyone is to blame, it s me.Which driver was to blame for the accident?5 .某些“be+容词+to do结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。如：The book is difficult to understand.The music isn t pleasant to listen to.The picture is interesting to look at.注： 这类结构的特点是句子
15、主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式，但习惯上却要用主动表被动。这类形容词常见的有convenient,dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant.6 .不定式用于某些动词（如have, have got, get, want, need!的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。如：Do you have time to help us? I have some
16、 clothes to wash.I want something to drink.注：若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较：I have something to type. 我有些东西要打（字 ）。 （指自己打字）I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打（字 ）。 （指请人打字）7 .在tooto do sth和enough to do sth这两个结构中，若句子主语与其后不定式为 to do sth 被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义（有时也可直接用被动式）。如：The writing is too faint to rea
17、d. 这笔迹太模糊，看不清。These boxes are not strong enough to use to be used as a platform.8 . be worth 后的动名词要用主动表被动。如：This movie is worth seeing.9 .在need, want, require等少数表示 需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。The house needs cleaning. These children require looking after.This wall requires/wants repairing.注：该结构中的动名词改用不定式则
18、要用被动式表被动。如：The house needs to be cleaned. These children require to be looked after.四、例题精析【例题 1】In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served【答案】B【解析】因为serve是及物动词，其动作承受者tea作主语，表示经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。【例题2】This is Ted sphone. We miss him a lot. He
19、 _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.A. killed B. is killed C. was killedD. was killing【答案】C【解析】Ted是kill的承受者，用被动语态，且 Ted救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。【例题3】When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet.A. are not decided B. have not been decidedC. is not being decided D. has not been decided【答案
20、】D【解析】decide是及物动词，动作的发出者通常是人，句中的主语是动作的承受 者，所以decide要用被动语态。从题干的语境和关键词yet,可判断用现在完成时，不定式做主语用单数，故用现在完成时的被动语态。五、课堂运用【基础】1. Have you moved into the new house?Not yet, the rooms .A. are being painted B. are paintingC. are paintedD. are being painting【答案】 A【解析】A housepairfi该是被动的关系，排除 B, D。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，
21、所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，排除C。2. The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the ticketsA. was bookedB. had been bookedC. were bookedD. have been bookedB【解析】B句中tickets是book（订票）的承受者，主谓为被动关系,又因票已被订出应发生在entered the office这个过去动作之前，所以要用过去完成时的被动 语态。3. Having a trip abroa
22、d is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. Seen【答案】B【解析】B 根据题意，那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作，应使用不定式，故排除掉C、D两项；又因remains的逻辑主语it是动词see说表示动作的承受者，即“到国外旅行”这件事，这件事有待于“被决定 ”，应使用动词不定式的被动形式。【巩固】4. While shopping, people sometimescan t help _ int
23、o buying something they don treally need.A. to persuaded B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded【答案】C【解析】C can t help doing不住做某事，排除A和D;顾客应是 被劝说”购物的，要用动名词的被动语态。5. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child.A. is to blameB. is goingto blameC. is to be blamed D. should blame【答案】A【解析
24、】A feel 的宾语从句为强调句型，在be to do 结构中，在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态，如to blame， to let 等。6. If city noises from increasing， people shout to be heard even at dinnerAare not kept；will have toBare not kep；thaveCdo not keep；will have toDdo not keep；have to【答案】A【解析】A 噪音应该是被阻止，该句为if 引导的条件状语从句，符合“主将从现 ”的语法现象。【拔高】7. The
25、fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, and perfected now.A. developedB. have developedC. are being developedD. will have been developed【答案】C【解析】C由now可知为现在进行时，电脑应该是被发展。8. - the sports meet might be put of fCIm toldD I told- Yes， it all depends on the weather AIve been told BIve told【答案】 A【解析】A由题意可知，我”应该被告知，由might be可知此事已发生，故用完成时。9. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed【答案】D【解析】D before引导的时间状语从何符合 主将从现”的语法现象，邮票应该 是被收集。课程小结本节课我们学习了被动语态，重点学习了被动语态的结构以及被动语态与各种时态相结合的用法。其中要注意用主动形式表达被动含义的几种常见用法