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1、MBA英语历年真题阅读理解及参考答案详解Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachss board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fir
2、e for having sat on GoLd mans compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. Theposition was taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpfuL, yet less biased,
3、advisers on a firms board.Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executives proposals. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their o
4、wn crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most LikeLy reason for departing a board was ag
5、e, so the researchers concentrated on those surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect te
6、nded to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors arealways jumping off a sinking ship. Often they trade up,”leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.Bu
7、t the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors throu
8、gh tough time may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for.A. gaining excessive profitsB. failing to fulfill her dutyC. refusing to make compromisesD.
9、leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be.A. generous investorsC. share price forecastersB. unbiased executivesD. independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University, after an outside directors surprise departure, th
10、e firm i8 likely to.A. become more stableB. report increased earningsC. do less well in the stock marketD. perform worse in lawsuits.24.1 t can be inferred from the last paragraph that outsideWord资料directors.A. may stay for the attractive offers from the firmB. have often had the records of wrong do
11、ings in the firmC. are accustomed to stress-free work in the firmD. will decline incentives from the firm25. The authors attitude toward the role of outside directors is.A. permissiveB. positiveC. scornfulD. critical参考答案21 .答案B.本题信息点是 Ms. simmons was criticized （Simmons受到J批评），该信息出现在第一段第三句话 simmons w
12、as under fire. 中，其中under fire 意为“受到攻击”，即 “受到批评”之意。 根据原因题的解题技巧，我们先看到本句中fur having sat onGoldman s compensation committee （在高盛薪酬委员会担任职务）其受到批评的一个原因：同时，分号”表明该句与下句为并列关系，从而我们知道下旬 how could she have let thoseenomous bonus payouts pass unremarked （ 她怎么能让那些巨 额奖金支出得以通过而没有引起注意呢？）是她受到批评的另一个原 因。由此可见她作为薪酬委员会的成员未能
13、阻止巨额奖金的发放，即:未能很好地履行其职责是其受到批评的原因所在。所以选项B为本题答案。22 .答案D。本题信息点是 outside directors are supposed to be （ 独立董 事应该），在文章查找该信息点时我们会很容易注意到该信息点出现 在第二段第一句话中：Outside directors are supposed to serveas helpful , yet less biased , advisers on a firm s board. 可以看 出outside director的身份是有帮助的、不带偏见的顾问。由此我们可以确定选项D符合本句语意，为本
14、题答案。另外，如果本旬理解 有困难，我彳门再看下旬：Having made their wealth and theirreputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executives proposals （已经，他们有足够的独立性否决首席执行官的动议），由此可以确认叫outside directors的职责就是顾问.23 .答案C本题信息点是 after an outside director s surprise departure , the firm
15、 iS likely to ,在文章中查阅该信息，我们找到 该信息点出现在文章第三段第三句：SO the researchersconcentrated on those surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also inereases,and the stock
16、is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms 。研读本句便可以理清 outside director意外离开后有以下结果：1）重申盈利的可能性增加：2）被联邦集体诉讼的可能性 增加：3）股市表现更差。由此可见选项 C符合文章内容，为本题答 案，本题B选项和D选项都有很强的干扰性，但是他们都犯了“偷换概念”的错误.24 .答案A本题信息点是outside directors 。我们来到文章最后一段，先 逐句理解字面意思，然后整理各相关独立董事语句的信息，最后与本题的各选项对照，并做出选择.本
17、文最后一段共三句话，都与outside director 有关。第一句是叫 outside directors bave an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave afirm before bad news breaks, ，。大意为：通过提前离开，独立董事很容易规避声誉受损：第二句是Fims who want to keeptheir outside directors through tough tine may have to create incentives ,大意为：想留住独立董事的公司
18、可能不得不给他们激 励：第三句话是 Otherwise outside directors will follow theexample of Ms.Simmons , once again very popular oncampus ,大意为：否则独立董事会像 Simmons 一样，又一次在大学受到欢迎。现在把以上三句话所陈述的内容与本题选项对照就会 发现选项A符合.第二句话的内容，为本题答案。25 .答案B态度题的基本思路是“听其言，观其行”。文章第二段是作者对独立董事的点评，其中 helpful , less biased , enough independence , advice 等词汇体现了作者对独立董事起码在理 论上是肯定的，认为他们在公司运行中的作用应该是积极的。由此确定本题答案为B。