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1、H3C 路由(MSR26-30 )1、进入系统视图Startup configuration file does not exist.Performing automatic configuration. Press CTRL_D to break.按Ctrl + D键终止设备查找自动配置Automatic configuration attempt: 1.Not ready for automatic configuration: no interface available.Waiting for the next.Automatic configuration is aborted. 按
2、 Ctrl + D 键后放弃自动配置的尝试Line aux0 is available.Press ENTER to get started.至!这里系统启动完毕,按回车键%Aug 22 09:19:53:318 2021 H3C SHELL/5/SHELL_LOGIN: TTY logged in from aux0.再按一次回车键 system-viewH3C2、修改路由器名称sysH3Csysname 名称如将默认的路由器名称改为 RoNetwork_Dept, Ro表示设备类型为路由器,Network_Dept表示部门名称,以后看到这个名称就知道这是什么设备、在什么位置.建议以后都采用
3、这种方式来给设备命名,以方便治理.H3Csysname RoNetwork_DeptRoNetwork_Dept如果要恢复默认名称,使用undo sysname命令：RoNetwork_Deptundo sysnameH3C3、显示路由表(1) IPv4显示路由表概要信息：RoNetwork_Deptdisplay ip routing-table显示路由表详细信息：RoNetwork_Deptdisplay ip routing-table verbose显示某种路由协议的信息：RoNetwork_Deptdisplay ip routing-table protocol bgp|direc
4、t|guard|isis|ospf|rip|static还有其他信息,可使用显示帮助以便选择：RoNetwork_Deptdisplay ip routing-table(2) IPv6只需将IPv4的命令中ip替换成ipv6即可.4、配置接口sys system-viewH3Cint接口名称如配置G0/0接口：RoNetwork_Deptint g0/0进入接口配置视图RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0配置IP地址：-后面跟掩码长度也行,跟掩码也行 INTEGER IP mask length 24 -24表示掩码长度为 24位,和等效 RoNetwork_D
5、ept-GigabitEthernet0/0undo shutdown激活接口RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0dis int g0/0 查看接 口 信息 5、信息回显及 tracert 为了预防命令被系统输出的消息打断,可以配置信息回显： RoNetwork_Deptinfo-center synchronous 为预防tracert超时,链路两端的设备都要开启以下功能： RoNetwork_Dept ip redirects enable开启设备的ICMP重定向报文的发送功能RoNetwork_Dept ip ttl-expires enable? 开启设备
6、的ICMP超时报文的发送功能 RoNetwork_Dept ip unreachable enable开启设备的ICMP目的不可达报文的发送功能6、配置静态路由 拓扑图： RoNetwork_Dept 端： sys System View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z.H3Csys RoNetwork_DeptRoNetwork_Deptinfo sync Info-center synchronous output is on. RoNetwork_Deptint lo0 RoNetwork_Dept-LoopBack0int g0/0 RoNetwork
7、_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0undo shRoNetwork_Dept%Aug 22 11:45:32:415 2021 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/3/PHY_UPDOWN: Physical state on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0 changed to up.%Aug 22 11:45:32:416 2021 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/5/LINK_UPDOWN: Line protocol state on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0 changed to
8、up. 系统发出的消息,g0/0 接口已经 up 了RoNetwork_Deptdis ip ro Destinations : 17 Routes : 17 Destination/Mask Proto Pre CostNextHopInterface使用ping命令测试路由是否配置正确5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 1.049/1.195/1.457/0.140 ms RoNetwork_Dept RoNetCenter 端：sys Sy
9、stem View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z. H3Csys RoNetCenterRoNetCenterinfo sync Info-center synchronous output is on. RoNetCenterint lo0 RoNetCenter-LoopBack0int g0/0 RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/0undo sh RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/0quit RoNetCenterdis ip ro Destinations : 14 Routes : 14 Destin
10、ation/Mask Proto Pre CostNextHopInterfaceRoNetCenter配置等价静态路由RoNetwork_Dept 端：RoNetwork_Deptint g0/1RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/1undo shRoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/1quitRoNetwork_Deptdis ip ro Destinations : 21Routes : 22Destination/Mask Proto Pre CostNextHopInterfaceRoNetCenter 端： RoNetCente
11、rint g0/1RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/1undo shRoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/1quitRoNetCenterdis ip ro Destinations : 18 Routes : 19 Destination/Mask Proto Pre CostNextHopInterface测试： RoNetwork_Dept 5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.732/0.97
12、1/1.301/0.227 ms RoNetCenterping -r -r表示Record route,记录路由RR: RR:RR:RR:RR:5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.673/1.053/1.895/0.432 ms-数据包被轮流在两条链路上发送,但是奇怪的是,只从一条链路返回,这与 GNS3的Cisco路由器不一样,Cisco的是 从哪条链路出去就从哪条链路返回：R1#pingProtocol ip:Repeat count
13、5:Datagram size 100:Timeout in seconds 2: Extended commands n: y Source address or interface: Type of service 0: Set DF bit in IP header no: Validate reply data no: Data pattern 0xABCD: Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbosenone: r Number of hops 9 : Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, VerboseRV: r
14、 % No room for that option Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, VerboseRV: Record % No room for that option Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, VerboseRV:Sweep range of sizes n:Type escape sequence to abort.Packet has IP options: Total option bytes= 39, padded length=40Record route: |Request 0 timed out|
15、Request 1 timed outReply to request 2 (32 ms). Received packet has optionsTotal option bytes= 40, padded length=40Record route:一出去回来End of listReply to request 3 (48 ms). Received packet has optionsTotal option bytes= 40, padded length=40Record route: |End of listReply to request 4 (24 ms). Received
16、 packet has optionsTotal option bytes= 40, padded length=40Record route:End of listSuccess rate is 60 percent (3/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 24/34/48 ms RoNetwork_Deptint g0/0RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0sh关闭 G0/0 接口,看看还能不能 ping iIFNET/3/PHY_UPDOWN: Physical stateprotocol state on the interface
17、RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0%Aug 22 12:11:22:912 2021 RoNetwork_Dept on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0 changed to down.%Aug 22 12:11:22:913 2021 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/5/LINK_UPDOWN: Line GigabitEthernet0/0 changed to down. quitRoNetwork_Dept5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packe
18、t lossround-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.626/0.750/0.952/0.111 ms可见,当其中一条链路 down 了之后,数据包可以通过另一条链路发往目的地.配置非等价静态路由：RoNetwork_Deptint g0/0RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0undo sh - 重新激活 G0/0 接口RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0quit-删除前面配置的路由-删除前面配置的路由preference 1噌己置非等价静态路由,指定优先级为1-采用默认的优先级60,比上一条的优先级低Ro
19、Network_Deptdis ip roDestinations : 21Routes : 21Destination/Mask Proto Pre CostNextHopInterface-只显示高优先级的路由,出口 G0/0Summary Count : 1Destination/Mask Proto Pre CostNextHopInterfaceRoNetwork_Deptint g0/0RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0sh 两次关闭 G0/0 接口,看看路由表的变化RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0%Aug 22 1
20、2:24:56:174 2021 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/3/PHY_UPDOWN: Physical state on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0 changed to down.%Aug 22 12:24:56:177 2021 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/5/LINK_UPDOWN: Line protocol state on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0 changed to down.RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0dis ip roDesti
21、nations : 17 Routes : 17Destination/Mask Proto Pre CostNextHopInterface-高优先级的路由不可用后,自动使用低优先级的Summary Count : 1Destination/Mask Proto Pre CostNextHopInterface小结：等价静态路由和非等价静态路由都能提供冗余,保证在一条链路出现故障后仍能保持网络的连通性,但是两者存在差 别,等价静态路由除了提供冗余外,还能提供负载均衡,数据包会被平均在两条链路上传输,而非等价静态路由中只 有高优先级低代价的路由是活动的,只有这条路由由于链路故障或接口关闭等原因
22、导致不可用时,低优先级高 代价的路由才会被启用.等价静态路由适用于存在多条带宽相同的链路的情况,而非等价静态路由适用于存在多条 带宽不同的链路的情况一一尤其是存在主链路和备份链路的情况.7、配置默认路由拓扑图：RoNetwork_Dept 端：sysSystem View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z.H3Csysn RoNetwork_DeptRoNetwork_Deptint lo0RoNetwork_Dept-LoopBack0int g0/0RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0undo shRoNetwork_Dept-
23、GigabitEthernet0/0quitRoNetwork_Deptdis ip roDestinations : 14 Routes : 14Destination/Mask Proto Pre CostNextHopInterfaceRoSoftware_Dept 端：sysSystem View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z.H3Csysn RoSoftware_DeptRoSoftware_Deptint l0RoSoftware_Dept-LoopBack0int g0/0RoSoftware_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0un
24、do shRoSoftware_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0quitRoSoftware_Deptdis ip roDestinations : 14 Routes : 14Destination/Mask Proto Pre CostNextHopInterfaceRoNetCenter 端：%Aug 22 13:53:14:358 2021 H3C SHELL/5/SHELL_LOGIN: TTY logged in from aux0.sysSystem View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z.H3Csysn RoNetCenterR
25、oNetCenterint g0/0RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/0undo sh RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/0int g0/1RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/1undo shRoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/1int l0RoNetCenter-LoopBack0quitRoNetCenterdis ip roDestinations : 19 Routes : 19Destination/Mask Proto Pre CostNextHopInterface测试：5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 1.115/2.283/3.954/0.968 ms5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.863/1.019/1.103/0.096 ms