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1、普通高等学校2018年招生全国统一考试临考冲刺卷(一)英 语 注意事项：1答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第卷第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）(略) 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文
2、，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A（湖北省名校2018届高三第二次联考）Choosing where to live may be one of the biggest decisions youll make when you move to Sydney, but youll have plenty of help.Temporary arrival accommodationBefore you move to Sydney, we recommend that you book a temporary place to stay. Onc
3、e you get here, you can look for longer-term accommodation.-sydney.edu.au/accommodation/short-termOn-campus-residential colleges (fully catered饮食全包的)The University has eight residential colleges on the Camperdown/Darlington Campus, including International House, a residential community of global sch
4、olars. Colleges provide comfortable, fully furnished single rooms and daily meals, along with sporting, cultural, leadership and social programs. They also include on-site tutorials(辅导课) in addition to campus-based classes.-sydney.edu.au/collegesOn-campus residences (self-catered饮食自理的)The University
5、 has two self-run residencesQueen Mary Building (QMB) and Abercrombie Student Accommodationon the Camperdown/Darlington Campus. Both just under a year old, they house up to 1000 students. These residences provide modern single-study rooms with large common living, learning and study spaces, shared k
6、itchens, a theatre, gyms, soundproofed music rooms, art studios, sky lounges and rooftop gardens.-sydney.edu.au/campus-life/accommodation/live-on-campus.htmlOff-campus livingMore than 90 percent of our students live off campus. The University is close to many dynamic and multicultural suburbs such a
7、s Annandale, Newtown, Chippendale and Glebe. A great place to search is our large online database of properties.-sydney.edu.au/campus-life/accommodation/live-off-campus.html21. Where can you find a place to live temporarily?A. On “sydney.edu.au/colleges”.B. On “sydney.edu.au/accommodation/short-term
8、”.C. On “sydney.edu.au/campus-life/accommodation/live-on-campus.html”.D. On “sydney.edu.au/campus-life/accommodation/live-off-campus.html”.【答案】B【解析】本文是一篇广告布告类阅读。文章介绍了当你搬到悉尼的时候，选择在哪儿居住也许是你要做的最大的决定之一。但是，此文对你会有一定的帮助。细节理解题。根据文章第二段Before you move to Sydney, we recommend that you book a temporary place to
9、 stay. 和-sydney.edu.au/accommodation/short-term可以直接找到答案。故选B。22. What do students living in QMB have access to?A. Their own kitchens.B. On-site tutorials.C. Daily meals.D. Gyms.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章On-campus residences (self-catered饮食自理的)中的These residences provide modern single-study rooms with large c
10、ommon living, learning and study spaces, shared kitchens, a theatre, gyms, soundproofed music rooms, art studios, sky lounges and rooftop gardens.内容可知，生活在QMB的学生是可以进入体育馆的。故选D。23. What is the most popular choice among students?A. Living off campus.B. Living in host families.C. Living in self-catered f
11、lats on campus.D. Living in fully catered houses on campus.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句话More than 90 percent of our students live off campus.可知，超过90%的学生选择外宿。故选A。 BFor those concerned about wrinkly old skin, It might be a creative solution: an elastic(有弹性的) “second skin” that can be smoothed on to make
12、 aged tissue look more youthful.The wearable film, developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), has shown promise in a series of small experiments where it was applied to wrinkles, under-eye bags and areas of dry skin. When applied to the face or body, the thin, transparent layer st
13、icks to the skin and supports the tissue, making it look and behave like younger skin, its producers claim.“What weve been able to do is create a cream that you can put on the skin, and then when its on the skin it can actually form, essentially, an elastic second skin,” said Bob Langer, who led the
14、 research. Tests in the lab found that the polymer film (高分子膜), which is only 70 thousandths of a millimeter thick, reduced the appearance of wrinkles and under-eye bags, and helped keep moisture in areas of dry skin.The layer is designed to be applied in the morning, then peeled off at night, In pr
15、evious studies, the second skin withstood normal daily wear, and the stresses and strains of exercise and swimming, without falling off or causing irritation. It also survived exposure to rain.“Its something you can wear for a whole day or longer, depending on the physical forces thatget applied to
16、the area where it is worn, said Daniel Anderson, who helped develop the product at MIT. “You cant tell youre wearing it.”While normal cosmetics can mask imperfections on the skin, the new coating changes the way skin behaves by giving it the elasticity of young skin. It was developed with help from
17、two companies.24. According to the text, the “second skin” _.A. was developed by two companies B. has not been tested by scientistsC. is developed to remove under-eye bags D. is a transparent covering for the skin【答案】D【解析】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。想让肌肤焕发第二次生命吗？在麻省理工研究人员的努力下，这已经不再是梦想！细节理解题。根据文章第二段When applied to
18、the face or body, the thin, transparent layer sticks to the skin and supports the tissue, making it look and behave like younger skin, its producers claim.可知，当被使用到脸部或者皮肤上时，这种薄而透明的层面会附着在皮肤上。故选D。25. Compared with normal cosmetics, the new product_.A. can make the skin appear youngerB. can fully mask i
19、mperfections on the skinC. doesnt cause any problems in the skinD. must be used in a more complicated way【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段While normal cosmetics can mask imperfections on the skin, the new coating changes the way skin behaves by giving it the elasticity of young skin.可知，正常化妆品可以掩盖皮肤的瑕疵，但是新的涂层可以
20、改变皮肤的状态。故选A。26. What can we learn from the Daniels words?A. You can recognize if people wear the “second skin.”B. The “second skin” should be peeled off at night.C. How long people can wear the layer varies.D. The product can provide skin with a lot of water.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段Its something you
21、 can wear for a whole day or longer, depending on the physical forces that get applied to the area where it is worn可知，这种东西可以戴一天甚至更久。故选C。27. What is the main idea of the text?A. MIT has made a breakthrough in cosmetics.B. The “second skin” helps renew ones youth.C. Masks will soon become a thing of t
22、he past.D. How the “second skin” is used to improve skin.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章大意可知，文章主要讲述研究人员发明的可戴薄膜可以让你焕发青春。故选B。CThis years flu season is pretty scary. To try to minimize the effects, public officials are still urging anyone who hasnt yet gotten their flu shot to get one as soon as possible. However,
23、 even if every single person got a shot in the arm, the vaccine(疫苗)- with its excellent 36 percent effectiveness-would not prevent everyone from getting infected with the annoying virus. Knowledge is power, so heres what goes on in your body when you come down with the flu.The influenza virus primar
24、ily attacks your nose, throat, and the tubes that lead to your lungs. But the flu is so much more than that. Your muscles ache, your head hurts, and your appetite goes down, among other things. To our surprise, almost all of these symptoms have less to do with the virus itself than with your immune(
25、免疫的)response to them. Unfortunately, the very defense you have in place to get rid of the flu is the reason you feel so painful when you recover.The virus usually enters through your mouth, typically by way of your hands But it takes a few days for symptoms to set in. While this process might cause
26、some harm to your nose and throat, its nothing major, and nothing like the symptoms that typically accompany a bad or even mild case of the flu.The real fun starts when your immune system begins to fight. Your immune system comes in two parts: the innate system and the adaptive. The innate immune sy
27、stem is essentially an all-purpose tool. As soon as your body senses the presence of any injury or invader (入侵者), the innate immune system launches into action by producing tiny proteins called cytokines and chemokines. The cytokines reproduce almost immediately and start to attack the virus. This i
28、ncrease in immune cells creates an serious inflammation(炎症) throughout the body. But the worst is still to come. Meanwhile, the chemokines work with the adaptive immune system to help create T cells. These cells are a special type of white blood cell that works in a much more specific way: They find
29、 the influenza virus, identify whats special about it, and create something unique on their surface that finds and destroys similar invaders.28. What can we infer from Paragraph 1?A. All the vaccine is not effective.B. No one can avoid catching this years flu.C. This years flu is the most serious on
30、e in recent years.D. Public health officials have to use a gun when necessary.【答案】A【解析】本文主要讲了流感病毒是如何侵袭人体，让人类生病，以及人类的免疫系统是如何和流感病毒做斗争，让人们恢复健康的。推理判断题。由However, even if every single person got a shot in the arm, the vaccine(疫苗)with its excellent 36 percent effectivenesswould not prevent everyone from ge
31、tting infected with the annoying virus.可推知并不是所有的疫苗都有效，选A。29. Why many parts of your body suffer while youre recovering from a flu?A. Because recovery from illness is painful.B. Because your immune system is working against your defense system.C. Because your body is fighting hard against the flu.D.
32、Because the influenza virus attacks your nose, throat and other parts.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。由Unfortunately, the very defense you have in place to get rid of the flu is the reason you feel so painful when you recover.可知当你从流感中恢复的时候，你身体的许多部分都感觉很难受，是因为你的身体正在和流感作斗争，选C。30. The underlined word “fun” in Paragraph
33、4 can be replaced by .A. joyB. battleC. actionD. program【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。The real fun starts when your immune system begins to fight.这句话的意思是当你的免疫系统开始作战的时候，真正的战役开始了。fun的意思是战役，选B。31. Whats the main idea of Paragraph 4?A. The fight between innate immune system and the adaptive.B. The categories of immune
34、 system.C. The way immune system works.D. The process of the development of immune system.【答案】C【解析】段落大意题。第四自然段主要讲了免疫系统是如何和流感病毒做斗争的，选C。DChinese audiences seemed not to have been satisfied with the third season of the highly anticipated food documentary A Bite of China.Even though the series has maint
35、ained high viewership ratings since its comeback last week, much higher than other programs aired at the same time, the ranking on Douban, a social networking website featuring films, literature and events, slipped to 4.2 out of 10, as of Tuesday, compared with 9.3 and 8.4, respectively, for the fir
36、st two seasons.Picky viewers complain that some of the narration is not accurate, while others pinpoint misleading content. At the same time, food blogger barbara questioned whether it is appropriate to give a close-up shot of the poisonous plant Nandina（南天竺）in a food program.A Bite of China, which
37、debuted in 2012, became hugely popular nationwide for its quality introduction of some rarely-known and mouth-watering domestic cuisine. In the new show, however, watchers are not satisfied with “irrelevant” food references, such as lipsticks made of Chinese traditional medicine and martial arts mas
38、ter.The first episode introduced a hand-made iron frying pan from east Chinas Shandong province, which prompted thousands of Chinese Internet users to buy one from Chinas leading e-commerce website Tmall in the next few days. Sales of the pan at “Zhensanhuan” surged 6,000 times compared with a year
39、ago, according to Beijing Youth Daily.In response to overwhelming criticism and questions, A Bite of China production crew responded on Weibo that they seek innovation despite the risks following the first two phenomenal seasons.“It is unavoidable to make comparisons with the first two, and some aud
40、iences may not accept the changes,” the crew said. “We explore the culture and civilization behind food, and give food a historic touch. Thats why we feature culinary（烹饪的）tools, feast and rituals, as well as a healthy diet to show Chinese wisdom and philosophy, which has not been shown in any food p
41、rograms before.”32. Why does the passage mention Nandina?A. Because some of the narration is not accurate.B. Because it may be improper to give a close-up shot of a poisonous plant.C. Because it is misleading content.D. Because it is not attractive at all to most picky viewers.【答案】B【解析】这篇文章主要讲了舌尖上的中
42、国3一些不合适的内容，引起了观众们的批评。细节理解题。由At the same time, food blogger barbara questioned whether it is appropriate to give a close-up shot of the poisonous plant Nandina（南天竺）in a food program.可知文中提到南天竺是因为给一个有毒的植物特写镜头不合适，选B。33. Which of the following elements leads to viewers dissatisfaction with the new show?A
43、. some mouth-watering domestic cuisinesB. food-unrelated itemsC. some rarely-known cuisinesD. the increasing sales of the pan at “Zhensanhuan”【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。由In the new show, however, watchers are not satisfied with “irrelevant” food references, such as lipsticks made of Chinese traditional medicine
44、 and martial arts master.可知和食物无关的东西使得观众对新的节目很不满意，选B。34. According to its production crew, what is unique to A Bite of China III?A. It makes comparisons with the first two episodes.B. It tells the story of some martial arts related to food.C. It receives overwhelming criticism and questions from audi
45、ence.D. It focuses on cooking tools, rituals and healthy eating.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。由the crew said. “We explore the culture and civilization behind food, and give food a historic touch. Thats why we feature culinary（烹饪的）tools, feast and rituals, as well as a healthy diet to show Chinese wisdom and philos
46、ophy, which has not been shown in any food programs before.”可推知舌尖上的中国3的独特之处在于它关注烹饪工具、仪式和健康的饮食，选D。35. What is the best the title for the passage?A. A Bite of China III Draws Criticism from AudiencesB. A Bite of China III Maintains High Viewership RatingsC. A Bite of China III Changes for the WorseD.
47、A Bite of China III Explains its Purposes【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。由全文的主题句Chinese audiences seemed not to have been satisfied with the third season of the highly anticipated food documentary A Bite of China.可知这篇文章主要讲了舌尖上的中国3引起了观众们的批评，选A。第二节 （共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 A m
48、emorable science projectIf someone tells you to remember a phone number or address, it feels like an easy task at first. You repeat the numbers to yourself, either aloud or in your mind. But after just a few seconds you might find yourself starting to doubt your own memory. _36_ Thus, it will try to throw away information that seems old or irrelevant. There are ways of helping our minds retain (记住) information, however, and in this activity you will explore ways th