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1、高一英语必修一知识点总结教材高一英语必修一知识点总结14. scared adj. 吓坏的 15. admit v. 承认 16. while conj. 但是，而 17. boring adj. 令人厌烦的 18. except prep. 除之外 19. quality n. 质量 20. favourite adj. 最喜爱的 ?重点短语? 1. be fond of爱好 2. treatas把看作为 3. make friends with 与交朋友 4. argue with sb. about / over sth. 与某人争论某事5. hunt for寻找 6. in order
2、 to为了 7. sharewith与分享 8. bring in引进;赚钱 9. a great / good many许多 10. have difficulty (in) doing做有困难 11. end up with以结束 12. except for除之外 13. come about发生 14. make(a)fire生火 15. make yourself at home别拘束 16. the majority of大多数 17. drop sb. a line给某人写短信 18. for the first time第一次 19. at all根本;竟然 20. have
3、a (good) knowledge of精通 ?交际用语? 1. I think I like / love / hate. I enjoy. My interests are. 2. Did you have a good flight? You must be very tired. Just make yourself at home. I beg your pardon? Can you tell me how to pronounce.? Get it. ?单词聚焦? 1. argue v. 的用法 ?构词:argument n. 1. C争论 2. U讨论(辩论3. C论据? 搭
4、配: ? argue with / against sb. over / on / about sth. 与某人 争论某事 ? argue for / against sth. 辩论赞成,反对某事 ? argue that. 主张，认为，争辩说 ? argue sb into / out of doing sth. 说服某人做,不做某事?友情提示:“说服某人做,不做某事”还可表达为:talk / persuade / reason sb. into / out of doing sth. ? settle the argument 解决争端 ?友情提示:an argument with sb
5、about / over sth. 为某事和某人而发生的争执 【考例】What laughing _ we had about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti (意大利式细面条) from plate to mouth. (2004全国卷I) A. speeches B. lessons C. sayings D. arguments考查目标 argue名词形式的词义。 答案与解析 D argument的词义是“争辩，辩论”。2. compare v. 的用法 ?构词:comparison n. 比较 ?搭配:? com
6、pare.to. 比拟;比作 ? compare. with / to. 将和相比较 ? compare notes 对笔记;交换意见【考例】 _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (2004湖北) A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 考查目标 compare的用法。 答案与解析 D 本句compare用在句首作状语，并有“被比较”的意思。 3. consider v. 的用法 ?构词:con
7、sideration n. 考虑，思考;体谅，顾及?搭配:? consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 ? consider sb (to be / as). 认为,觉得某人? consider that- clause 认为 ? take sth into consideration 考虑 ? under consideration 在考虑中 【考例】Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. (NMET 1993) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invent
8、ed D. having invented 考查目标 consider的几种常见用法。 答案与解析 C consider本身是被动语态时，后接不定式的各种结构。如果表示已经发生的事情(用不定式的完成形式。4. deserted adj. 空无一人的;被遗弃的;被抛弃的(1) 空无一人的a deserted street / area空无一人的街道，地区;The office was quite deserted.办公室里空无一人。(2) 被遗弃的 a deserted child 被遗弃的孩子(3) desert dezot n. 沙漠 desert dIzo:t vt. 丢弃;遗弃 He d
9、eserted his wife and children after becoming rich.5. difficulty n. (1) difficulty (通常作复数) 难事，难点，难题She met with many difficulties when travelling. (2) 在以下句型中，difficulty是不可数名词，不能用复数形式。have (some) difficulty (in) doing sth. 干某事有困难there is (some) difficulty (in) doing sth. have (some) difficulty with st
10、h. 在某事上有困难 there is (some) difficulty with sth. do sth. with difficulty / without difficulty 困难地,轻而易举地做某事 We had a lot of difficulty in finding your house.Do you have any difficulty with your English?【注意】 (1) 以上句型中，difficulty前可加some, little, much, a lot of, no, any修饰 (2) 以上句型中，亦可用trouble来代替difficult
11、y。6. favourite = favorite (A. E) 最喜爱的;最喜爱的人或事物(1) adj. 最喜爱的My favorite sport is playing football.(2) n. C 最喜爱的人或事物He is a favorite with his uncle.7. fun的用法 ?构词:funny adj. 有趣的(滑稽的，好笑的;奇特的，古怪的?搭配: ? make fun of 取笑;嘲弄;开某人的玩笑 ? (just)for / in fun = (just) for the fun of it 取乐，非认真地，说,做着玩的 ? be full of fu
12、n 很好玩 ? have fun with sb. 和某人开一个玩笑 ? have (some) fun 玩得(很)高兴，玩得(很)开心 ? Its (great) fun to do sth干某事很有趣;干某事真是一件趣事;干某事真开心 ? What fun (it is) to do sth! 干某事多么有趣呀!? have a lot of fun doing sth 干某事玩得很开心【考例】 (200上海春招) This is not a match. Were play- ing chess just for _. A. habit B. hobby C. fun D. game考查
13、目标 fun构成的短语for fun的意思。 答案与解析C，for fun 常在句中用作状语，意思是“说,做着玩的”。 8. imagine的用法 ?构词:? imagination n. C / U 想像，想像力，想像的事物 ? imaginative adj. 富有想像力的 ?搭配:? imagine sth / doing sth ? beyond (all) imagination (完全)出乎意料地 【考例】 I can hardly imagine Peter _across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (MET 1991) A. sail B
14、. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed考查目标 imagine的基本用法。 答案与解析 C imagine后接动词的-ing形式，本句的Peter是这个动名词的逻辑主语。 9. interest的用法 interest vt. 使感兴趣 n. 兴趣，爱好 U 利息;利润 He has a great interest in politics. 他对政治极感兴趣。/ a broad interest 广泛的利益 / a common interest 共同的利益 / a strong interest 极强的兴趣 ?构词:? interesting 令人感兴
15、趣的(事物) ? interested (某人对某事)有兴趣的 ?搭配:? interest sb in sth 使某人注意，关心或参入某事;使某人对某事感兴趣 ? be interested in 对感兴趣(关心) ?have an interest in sth. / in doing sth. 对某方面有兴趣 (关心);在中有股份、权益等 ? hold ones interest 吸引住某人的兴趣 ? in the interest(s) of 为利益;为起见;对有利 ? lose interest in 对不再感兴趣 ? show / take (an) interest in / i
16、n doing sth. 对表示关心(有兴趣) ? have / take / feel no interest in 对不 (不太) 感兴趣 ? with interest 有兴趣地，津津有味地 ?develop / find / feel interest in sth. / in doing sth. 在某方面培养,有兴趣 ? lose interest in sth. / in doing sth. 对某方面失去兴趣 有时interest可与不定冠词连用。He developed an interest in science. 另外:interest作“爱好”解时，是可数名词。 His
17、 interests include reading and tennis. 【考例】_, they immediately suggested that she put them together to make a single one long story and paid Tracy a $50,000 advance. (2004全国卷 II) A. Interested B. Anxiously C. Seriously D. Encouraged 考查目标 interest派生词的词义和用法。 答案与解析 A interested指(出版商)对这件事有兴趣。10. prove的用
18、法 ?构词:? proof n. 证据。试验，考验，(印刷)校样?搭配:? prove sth to sb 向某人证实 ? prove to sb that 从句向某人证实 ? prove (oneself) to be 证明(自己)是，表现出 【考例】It was in the neighboring country United States that such resistance to spray was first _. (05长春模拟)A. proved B. killed C. thought D. discussed考查目标 考查prove的意思。 答案与解析 A 本题was
19、proved的意思是“得到证实”，有被动意味。 11. provide的用法 ?构词:? provider n. 供给者，供应者，养家者 ? provided / providing conj. 倘若 ?搭配:provide sb with sth / sth to sb 给提供;以装备 【考例】His son _ the old man with all the food and the money he needed. A. provided B. fed C. afforded D. charred考查目标考查provide的词义。 答案与解析A provide与with搭配，意思是“向
20、某人提供某物”。12. share的用法 ?搭配:? share (in) sth. with sth. 和某人分享、分担、共用某物 ? share sth (out) between / among. 将某物分配、分给 ? share joys / happiness and sorrows (with sb) (和某人) 同甘共苦 ? share ones opinion 同意某人的意见 【考例】Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare you must learn to _. (NMET 2000) A. support B. care C
21、. spare D. share考查目标 此题主要考查在语境中选择动词的能力。答案与解析 D 四个选项的含义分别为:support 支持;care 在意，关心;spare 挤出(时间)，匀出某物;share分享，分担，与某人合用。根据语境可知说话者是想让Clare学会与人共享把玩具(拿出来)和Harry一起玩，share在此意为“合用玩具”，解此题的关键是信息play with your toys as well。故D为最佳答案。13. solve的用法 ?构词:solution n. 1. C (问题的)解答;(困难的)解决方法 2. U 解答，解决 3. U 溶解 ?搭配:the solu
22、tion to 解决的办法 【考例3】In the end, one suggestion seems to be the solution _ the problem. (2001北京春招) A. with B. into C. for D. to 考查目标 solve名词solution的相关搭配。 答案与解析 D “对于的解决办法”，介词用to。14. total n. / adj. 全部(的) (1) in total 加起来In total, there must have been 20000 people there. (2) a total of 总共His expenses
23、(支出) reached a total of $100. (3) the total of.的总数 The total 0f the bill is 230 dollars. 15. when conj. when并列连词，= and then，表示“就在那时，突然”，常见以下句型中: (1) be doing.when.正在做突然I was wandering through the streets when l caught sight of a tailors shop.(2) had done.when.刚做了突然I had just sat down when the light
24、went out. (3) be about to do.when.刚要做突然I was just about to go swimming when our guide saw me and shouted at me.16. while conj. (1) while从属连词，引导时间状语从句，从句动词用延续性动词，主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程之中。Come on, get these things away while I make the tea. (2) 并列连词，表前后两个分句意义相反或相对，意为“然而”。Some people waste food while others
25、 havent enough.(3) 放在句首，表示“尽管;虽然”，相当于although。While we dont agree, we continue to be friendly. 牛刀小试1 用所给单词的适当形式填空: (compare，interest，fun，solve，argue，consider，share)1. All the novels are considered _ the young readers in the 1980s. (to have interested) 2. Bob thought it _ to solve maths problems whil
26、e others hated it. (fun) 3. The headmaster ignored the _ between Mrs. Wang and his nephew. (argument) 4. We cant decide. The plan needs to be _. (considered)5. _ with Class Two, ours has more boy students. (Compared)6. I find a better way _ this problem. (to solve)7. Nearly half of the companies _ t
27、he same opinion with the government. (share / shared) 【词语比较】 1. especially, specially especially adv. 特殊地;尤其是 (1)侧重于多种事物或人中比较突出的。I like all the subjects at school, especially English. (尤其是英语) (2) especially 后可接介词短语或从句。I like the Yuelu Mountains, especially in spring. (尤其是在春天) Noise is unpleasant, es
28、pecially when you are trying to sleep. specially 侧重特意地、专门地做某事 (后面常接for sb. 或to do sth.) I made a chocolate cake specially for you. 2. boring, bored, bore boring adj. 令人厌烦的 The book is very boring.bored adj. 感到厌烦的 Im bored with the book.bore vt. 令人厌烦 This book bores me. 有些表示情感的及物动词，有与bore类似的用法。如:inte
29、rest, excite, surprise, amaze, frighten, astonish, move, inspire, touch, scare, disappoint, puzzle, worry 这类词的现在分词形式，为“令人”;过去分词形式，为“感到”。 3. except for, except, but, besides 表示“除了”的词或短语有:except; but; except for; besides; except that (when.) 等。 (1) except 和 but 都表示“除了之外。没有”，二者大多数情况下可以互换;但在no, all, nob
30、ody, nothing, no one 等词后多用 but。No one knows our teachers address except / but him. (排除him) (2) besides 除之外，还，有附加性。What other foreign languages do you know besides English? (English与other languages都属于know的范围) (3) except for 只不过，整体肯定，部分修正，用于排除非同类事物，for表示细节上的修正。 Your article is well written except for
31、a few spelling mistakes. 4. know, know of, know about (1) know 用作动词，意思是“(直接地)获知，懂得，认识，熟悉”。I dont know whether he is here or not. / I know him to be honest.(2) know of和know about的意思都是“(间接地)获知”，指听别人说到或从书报上看到，二者没有什么区别。 5. for example; such as (1) for example“例如”，用来举例说明某一论点或情况。一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，可位于
32、句首、句中或句末。可用for instance替换。For example, air is invisible. / His spelling is terrible! Look at this word, for example.(2) such as “例如”，用来列举事物，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as后面不可有逗号。Some of the European Languages come from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish. 注意如把前面所述情况全部举出，用that is或namely。
33、?短语归纳? 1. 含all的短语 1) first of all 首先 (强调顺序) 2) in all (=in total=altogether) 总共 3) after all 毕竟，终究 4) at all 到底，根本 5) above all 最重要的是 (强调重要性) 6) not (.) at all (= not (.) in the least) 根本不，一点也不 7) all the time 始终，一直 8) all of a sudden (=suddenly) 突然，冷不防 9) all right 行，可以 10) all at once 立刘，马上 11) al
34、l day and all night 日日夜夜 12) all over 遍及 13) all alone 独个儿，独立地 14) all but 几乎，差一点 15) all in all 总的说来 16) all together 一道，同时，总共 17) for all 尽管 例句 I woke up and didnt hear him at all. 我醒了，一点儿也没有听到他说话。/ He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了很多跤，以至于浑身青一块紫一块的。/ You shouldnt scold
35、her. After all, she is only five years old. 你不应该责怪他，毕竟，她只有五岁。/ Children need many things, but above all, they need love. 孩子需要许多东西，最重要的是，需要爱。/ You must have known it all the time. 你一定一直知道这事。 【考例】 People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. _, she is a great musician. (2004甘肃、青海)
36、 A. After all B. As a result C. In other words D. As usual考查目标 主要考查四个短语的用法。 答案与解析 A after all意为“毕竟(终究”;as a result意为“结果”;in other words意为“换句话说”;as usual意为“像往常一样”。本句意思是:虽然人们对她看法不一。但我还是佩服她。因为她毕竟是一个伟大的音乐家。 【考例】Id like to buy a house - modern, comfortable, and _ in a quiet neighborhood. (2004福建) A. in a
37、ll B. above all C. after all D. at all考查目标 主要考查all构成的四个短语。 答案与解析 B in all意为“总共”;above all意为“最重要的是”; after all 意为“毕竟”;at all 意为“到底”。本句话意思是:我想买一个房子，现代的、舒服的，但最重要的是在一个安静的地区。 2. at all (1)用在肯定句中，“竟然” Im surprised that you came at all.(2)用在否定句中，“一点也不” There was nothing to worry about at all. (3)用在疑问句中，“到底
38、”“究竟” Have you been there at all?(4)用在条件句中，“真的，确实” If you do it at all, do it well. 3. 含“be + 形容词 + 介词”的短语 1) be good at 擅长于 2) be interested in 对感兴趣 3) be pleased / satisfied / content with 对满意4) be famous for 因而出名 5) be kind / good to 对好 6) be lost in 沉湎于 7) be active in 在某方面积极 8) be sure about /
39、of 确信 9) be afraid of 害怕 10) be full of 充满 11) be filled with 充满 12) be made of / from 由组成 13) be generous to 对慷慨 14) be popular with 受欢迎 15) be confident of 确信 16) be fond of 喜欢，喜爱 17) be angry with / at 对发脾气 18) be late for 迟到 19) be amazed / surprised / astonished / shocked at 对感到惊讶 20) be busy d
40、oing 忙着做 21) be excited about 对感到兴奋 22) be worried about 担心 23) be used for / as 用于 24) be curious about 对好奇 例句 Lin Lin is confident of his ability to get work for himself. 林林确信自己有能力做这活。He was generous to everybody with money, as a result, he saved little. 他对谁花钱都很慷慨，结果没有攒到多少钱。She is very active in h
41、elping the poor. 在帮助穷人方面，她很热心。Pop music is popular with the young generation. 流行歌曲受年轻一代的欢迎。Lost in thought, he didnt realize that I came in. 他陷入思考之中，没有意识到我进来了。I was amazed at the sight so that I didnt know what to do. 看到这一幕我非常惊讶，不知道该做什么。Students in Senior 3 are busy preparing for the coming final ex
42、am. 高三学生在忙于准备即将到来的期末考试。 【考例l】(2005重庆) - You know, Bob is a little slow _ understanding, so.- So I have to be patient _ him. A. in; with B. on; with C. in; to D. at; for考查目标 同定搭配中介词的选择。 答案与解析 A be slow in 意为“在方面反应迟钝”，be patient with 意为“对有耐心”。 4. end up with.以结束 (1) end up with + n. 以结束 The party ende
43、d up with the singing of Auld Lang Syne.(2) end up as.最后成为He will end up as a president some day. (3) end up + 地点状语最后(有结局) If you drive your car like that, youll end (up) in hospital. 5. “make + 名词” 短语 ? make a noise 吵闹 ? make faces 做鬼脸，做苦脸 ? make room for 给腾出地方 ? make the bed 整理床铺 ? make phone call
44、s 打电话 ? make friends with 交朋友 ? make money 赚钱 ? make use of 利用 ? make a decision 做出决定 ? make a mistake 犯错误 例句 The boy made a face at his teacher when she turned her back. 老师转身时，男孩朝老师做了个鬼脸。 Working in the kitchen made the boy into a good cook. 在厨房里干活使男孩成为一位优秀厨师。 They were moved out to a nearby hotel,
45、 to make room for more important persons. 为了给更重要的人物腾出 地方，他们被搬到了附近的一家旅店。 【考例】 The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to _. (2003北京春招) A. make it out B. make it off C. make it up D. make it over 考查目标 主要考查make短语。 答案与解析 A make out意为“领悟、弄明白、发现真相” make off 意为“连忙跑掉”;make up 意为“
46、弥补、打扮、组成”;make over 意为“转让、改造”。因为受到迷惑，所以应该是试图发现真相。 【考例】 - When shall we start? - Lets _ it at 8:30. Is that all right? (2002北京)A. set B. meet C. make D. take 考查目标 此题主要考查 make 短语。 答案与解析 C make it“规定时间”为固定短语。本句话意思是“把出发的时间定在8点半”。set意思是“对时间”、“调时间”。6. make fire点火 有以下fire (n.) 短语: be on fire 着火了(表示状态) / catch fire 燃着;着火(表示动作) / play with fire 玩火;干冒险的事 / Set sth. on fire = set fire to sth. 放火烧 / make (a) fire 点火;生火 / start (cause) a fire引起火灾 注意 fire作“