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1、特殊句式（强调，倒装）强调句型一. 基本句型It is+ 被强调部分 +that/who/whom .可强调主、宾、状（时状/地状/方状）、谓、不能定语I met Tom on the street yesterday.主 宾地状 时状It was I who It was Tom whom It was yesterday thatIt was on the street that若强调谓语，用did/do/does强调;若祈使句强调，在开头加 doI did meet Tom 注：改写时保持主谓一致It is I who i s am to blame for the accide nt.
2、 It is/was notun til that （不倒装）比：Not until +从句（不倒装）+助动词+主（半倒装）+.二. 强调句型的一般疑问句/特殊疑问句Is/Was it+被强调部分+that.?Who/What/Whe n/Where/How+ is/was it that ?What is it that you want me to say?三. 强调状语从句的表达1. I was hit by a car whe n I was cross ing the road?It was when I was crossing the road that I was hit by
3、 a car.2. You can find the book where you left it.It is where you left book that you can find it.3. I didn receive the managersreply until nearly a month later.介词+短语作时间短语，此时until为介词It was not until nearly a month later that I received the mangesreply.4. I did n goto bed un til he came back.后为句子，unti
4、l为连词引导时状It was not until he came back that I went to bed.注：若为持续性动词，则一定用 until ;若为短暂性动词，则一定用 not until四. 强调主从、宾从的表达1. What she did made me very an gry.It was what she did that made me very an gry.2. I was very angry at what she said.It was what she said that I was very angry at.五. 强调句中含其它从句的表达1. We a
5、re liv ing in an age whe n thi ngs are done computer.It is an age whe n many things are done on computer that we are liv ing in.2. There were dirty marks on her trousers where he had had wiped he han ds.It was on her trousers where she had wiped her hands that there were dirty.六. 其它比: It was 6:00 wh
6、en I came back.It was at 6:00 that I came back.It is 6 years since I left here. 我离开这里已六年（since 后接可持续动词时，从动作的结束开始算 ;接短暂性动词时，即是原意 ）倒装句 一全部倒装1. there,here,now,then,thus 等副词置于句首，谓语动词常用 be,come,go,lie,run,stand,fall 等的 一般现在时或一般过去时Then came the age of knowledge economy.There goes the bell.Here comes the b
7、us.注：主语是代词时不倒装 Here we are.2. 表示方位的副祠或拟声词 in,out,away,off,up,down,below, ahead等，表示位置转移的动词的一般过去时.Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes.Bang! Bang! Bang! Came the knocks at the door. 注：如果主语是代词时，用正常语序 Back he went again.3. 表方位的介词短语或副词（作表语，状语）位于句首时On the hill stands a great castle.In this chapter w
8、ill be found a partial answer.Above is a young couple who moved in not long ago.4.Such 作表语时，位句首Such was Albert Einstein a simple man and the 2t0h century greatest scientist.Such are the facts.二半倒装1. Only+ adv/ 介词短语 / 状语从句Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.Only in this way can
9、we solve the problems.Only after I failed in the exam did I realise the importance of studies. 注：强调主语时，不能倒装。Only some of the students realised the importance of studies.2. not only（but also） 放在句首时Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.3. not until 放在句首时He didnt leave
10、the room until the rain had stopped.f Not until the rain had stopped did he leave the room.4. hardly/scarcelywhen 或 no sooner.than 句型中 hardly/ scarcely/ no sooner 放在句首时I had hardly/scarcely get home when it began to rain= I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. fHardly/ Scarcely had I got ho
11、me when it began to rain.= No sooner had I get home than it began to rain.5. not, never, seldom, rarely, little, nowhere, neither, nor,no longer 等表否定的副词位于句首时Not a single mistake did he make.Never shall i forgive him.Little does he care about what others think.Nowhere else can you find such a beautif
12、ul palace.I have not met Ann, nor do i have any desire to meet her.I havent been to Newyork and neither/nor has my sister.（= and my sister has either.）6. at no time, in no way, on no condition, by no means, on no account 等表否定意义的介词短语放在句首时 At no time has our country been more prosperous than now. In n
13、o way am I responsible for what has happened.7. so+ adj（全倒）/ adv（半倒）So hard did he study that he easily passed the exam.So small was the mark I could hardly see it.So much does he worry about his financial that he cant sleep at night.8. Many a + n 单 , 放在句首时。以 How many times 为开头的感叹句。Many a time have
14、I stood there waitting for a bus.How many times have I told you not to stand on that chair!9.If 从句中的 if 省略时If I were you, I were marry him.= Were I you,If I had known you were coming, i would have stayed home.= Had I known you were coming, .注： as 引导让步状语从句时的特殊语序Child as he is, he is very brave.Try as
15、 he would, he would not move the rock.比较结构 一同等程度比较：1. as/so+形容词或副词原级+as-分词补：asas结构变体 as much/ma ny + 名词 +as-分句He took as much butter as he needed.He didn tatke so/as much butter as he needed. as+形容词原级+名词词组+as-分句Tom is as efficient a worker as Jack.=Tom is a worker （who is） as efficient as Jack.Hardl
16、y ever have I heard as impressive music as this.=Hardly ever have I heard music as impressive as this.2. not+比较级+than （并不比 更）3. no less + 原级 +tha n （和一样）John is as bright as Bob.John behaves as politely as Bob （does）.Sunlight is no less necessary than fresh air to a healthy condition of body. 二不同程度比
17、较：1. 形容词或副词比较级 +thanmore than 结构John is brighter than Bob.John behaves more politely than Bob.John doesnbtehave as/so politely as Bob.John behaves less politely than Bob.特： more A than B 与其说是 B, 倒不如说是 AHe is more lucky than clever.注：否定形式：less than= not as/so+adj/adv+as-分词(不如，没有.)亦可用原句中adj/adv的反义词的比较
18、级+than-分句Bill speaks French less well than he writes社匕尔的法文说的没有写的好Bill speaks French worse than he writes itt匕尔的法文说的比写的更不好 more/less ofHe is more/less of a sportsman than his brother.=He is more sportsmanlike than his brother.补：morethan结构变体 限定词more/less/fewer+名词+than-分句There is less alcohol in this b
19、ottle than in that one.There are fewer visitors today than yesterday. adj 比较级 +n+than- 分句John is more efficient worker than Jack. 名词词组+moretha nJohn is a worker more efficient than Jack. 定冠词+adj或副词比较级+of-词组John is the brighter of two boys.=John is brighter than the other boy.Of the two boys John beh
20、aves (the) more politely.=John behaves more politely than the other boy.2not so much B as A (与其说是 B 倒不如说是 A)It isn sto much his appearance I likeas his personality.The present crisis is muchmore a political than an economic crisis.比: not so asLondon isn sotlarge as Tokyo.3. (the)+形容词、副词最高级+比较范围He is
21、 the brightest of the three boys.He behaves the most politely of the three boys.反： He behaved the least politely of the three boys.=He behaved the most rudely of the three boys.This is the most interesting book I have ever read.与其它结构的互换： Mary did more work than anyone else.=Mary did the most work.Th
22、is car runs faster than any other car in the garage.=This car runs the fastest of all the cars in the garage. Nothi ng in my life shock me so deeply as my first visit to Chi na.=My first visit to China shock me the most deeply. I like nothing better=lt s tltest thing I like.It cantbe worse=It s thwe
23、orst thing Ive ever known.三其它重要补充1. not 比较级 (more) thanno 比较级 (more) than 强调相反John is not better than Tom .约翰不比汤姆好。是普通比较结构John is no better than To m .约翰和汤姆一样坏。2. the+比较级，the+比较级越越more and more “越来越 ”The sooner this is done, the better.The prices are getting higher and higher.3. no more+名词+than 既非也非 no less+名词+than 即是也是