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1、般过去时与现在完成时区别专题与练习一、前言：初一下学期同学们学习了一般过去时态的相关知识,即将到来的初二上学期英语学习中,现在完成时是重要的学习内容.本文通过比照一般过去时和现在完成时,对现在完成时进行初步讲解,希望使同学们读新学期的学习有所准备.二、现在完成时1 .现在完成时的构成现在完成时是由助动词 have has+动词的过去分词构成.助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范 围.它和主语的人称、数要保持一致.过去分词是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义.2 .现在完成时的用法现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响.即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况.We are good fr
2、iends现在的情况I knew him in 1997.过去的动作We have known each other since 1997.现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在1表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果.常被just、already、yet等副词修饰.如：-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes, I have. Ive just had it.你已经吃午饭了吗我刚刚吃过.现在我不饿了2表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态.这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行.常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语.如：He
3、has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在这儿教书.可能还要继续教I havent seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了.(3)表示说话前发生过一次或屡次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语过,常带有 twice, ever,never, three times等时间状语.如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次.3.现在完成时的时间状语(1)现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用.如： yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years agO.但是,在
4、强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不 确定的时间状语连用.a.用副词already和yet.already一般用于肯定句中,yet 一般用于否认句和疑问旬中.如： We have already finished our homewor城们已完成作业了. They havent finished their homework yet他彳门还没有完成作业.b.用ever和never.多用于否认或疑问句中,表示 曾经“或 从未等.如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?尔曾经去过长城吗-I have never been to the Great W
5、a 我从未去过长城.c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如 just, before, up to now, the past few year筹.例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过.He has been there three times the last few days.近几天他去过那里三次了.d.用包括 现在在内的时间状语,如：now, today, this morning (month, year, term).例如：-Have you met him today? -N
6、o, I havent.今天你见过他吗我 没有.How many times have you been there this year?今年你去过那里多少次?(2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示段时间的状语连用,表示动作或状态从 某时亥U开始,直持续至U现在.如： I havent seen him for two years. 但是,CO come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示 段时间的状语连用.要用,必须改为 “b4在)等延续性动 词来表述.现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive f be herebegin(start) -be o
7、ndiefbe deadcome backfbe backleave fbe awayfall 川(sick, asleep) -be 川(sickasleep)get upfbe upgo out fbe outfinish fbe overput onfwear 或 be onopen fbe openjoin fbe in或 be a member of closefbe closedgo to school fbe a studentborrow fkeepbuyfhavecatch(a cold) have(a cold) get to know fknowbegin to stud
8、yfstudycome to work fwork 2如：He has been a soldier for three yea呦参军三年了.His father has been dead for two yearst父亲去世二年了.The film has been on for ten minute曲影已开始十分钟了.We have studied English for three years我们(开始)学英语已三年了.4.几点考前须知(1) have been(to肖have gone( to)勺区另have been(to炭示 去过某地(现在已经回来了) , 可用于各人称；have
9、 gone(to)表示 去某地了(说话时某人不在当地),常用于第三人称,前 者可与 once ,never, several time薛连用, 后者贝U不能. 如：They have been to Beijing twice他们 去过北京两次.He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了.(2)如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有 since一词,也不必用完成时.如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two yearsfe父亲去世已有两年了.(3)终止性动词现在完成时的否
10、认式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一 段时间的状语连用.如：I havent left here since 1997自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿.(4)表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时,用现在完成时,要加表示一段时间的时间 状语时,常用for+一段时间,since+时间点.I have lived here since my childhood我从小就一直住在这里.I have lived here for 10 years.我在这已经住了 10 年了.(5)在提问现在完成时的时间状语时通常用how longHow long have you lived here
11、?注意：在表示某一行为状态持续多长时间时,根据终止时间的不同,时态使用是不一样 的.如：I lived here for a week last summe去年夏天我在这里住了一周.I have lived here for a week by now.到现在为止,我已经在这里住了一周.I will live here for a week next year.明年我会在这里住周.二、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果确实和现在有联系.动作或 状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关 系.I have j
12、ust been to London. I went there last month.我去过伦敦, 是上个月去的.1 .过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯表达过去的事情,强调动作；现在完成时为过 去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响.2 .过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时问状语.一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week ago, in1980, in October, just now,具体的时间状语共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, once, befo
13、re, already, recently lately现在完成时的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,3 .现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn,work, study, know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有 come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married!.举例：I saw this film yesterday
14、.强调看的动作发生过了.I have seen this film.强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了.Why did you get up so early?强调起床的动作已发生过了.Who hasnt handed in his paper?强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争.She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了.She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了.He has been in the League for three years.在团内的状态可延续 He has been a League member for three ye
15、ars.是团员的状态可持续 He joined the League three years ago.三年前入团,joined 为短暂行为.I have finished my homework now.-Will somebody go and get Dr. White?-Hes already been sent for.句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in I960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时.(错) Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(对)Tom wrote a l
16、etter to his parents last night.三、练习题1. A.用 already或 yet1) Have they taken down the old pictures? No, they haver!t.2) Most of us have finished our compositions.3) He said he hadnt visited the exhibition.B.用 since或 for1) We have learned five lessons the beginning of this term.2) Mrs Liao has been in
17、hospital last week.3) I have stayed at my aunt s two weeks.C.用 have goneS； have been1) Where are the boy students? They to the school factory.2) Is your father in? No, heto Shenzhen.he ever there before ?Yes, he there several times3) He asked me if I to Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go
18、 there for a visit as I never to that city before.4) 选择填空1 .Mother _me a new coat yesterday. I it on. It fits me well.A. had made have tried B. madehave triedC. has made triedD. madetried2 “He to draw horses already . Whhie? “ Last year A. learned has B. learned did C. has learned hasD. has learned
19、did3 .Tom up into the tree. Look, he high up there !A. has got is B. has climbed was C. got was D. climbed is4 .you the text yet ? Yes, we it two hours ago.A. Did copy -did B. Have - copied - have6 / 14C. Have - copied did D. Did copyhad5 . Why she angry ? “Because he at her just now .A. did get - s
20、houtedB. has got shotedC. did get has shoutedD. has got has shouted6 .you the film before ? Where you it ?A. Have - seen- did - see B. Did - see- did - watchC. Have seen have seen D. Didsee have seen7 .You me waiting for two hours. I for you since five.A. kept - waitedB. have kept - waitedC. kept ha
21、ve waitedD. have kept have waited8 .Where John? To the library. He there for an hour.A. has been has gone B. has gone has beenC. did go went D. did be went9 .the baby still? No, it crying.A. Has - cried has stoppedB. Is - crying - stoppedC. Did cry stoppedD. Iscryinghas stopped10 . I the way. I here
22、 for quite many years.A. knewhave livedB. knew liveC. knowhave livedD. know live11 .you ever America ? Yes, I have.A. Havegone to B.Have gone inC. Havebeen to D.Havebeenin12 . My brother college for over three years.A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has been at13 .He the Army by the en
23、d of 1989. He in the army since then.A. joined is B. has joined has beenC. had joined is D. had joined has been14 . By the time I back they up ten satellites.A. came have sent B. came had sent C. come have sent D. had come sent15 . Jack over five lessons by seven o clock. Then he a rest.A. went took
24、 B. went had taken C. had gone took D. had gone had taken16 . We out by that time that he a spy for a long time.A. had found had been B. had found was C. found had been D. found was17 . Before the news him, he to know about it.A. reaches has gotB. reached had got C. reached got D. had reachedgot18 .
25、 I him a second letter before I from him.A. wrote heard B. wrote had heaCrd. had written heardD. have written hear19 . People that the soldiers fighting.A. say had stopped B. said has stopped C. say stopped D. said had stopped 20. We in a good harvest because we enough rain.A. didn t get had hadB. g
26、ot had hadC. had got had hadD. got hadn t had21. They for five hours when they in New York.A. flewarrivedB. had flown had arrivedC. flewhad arrivedD. had flown arrived22. She that it for two days by that day.A. says has rained B. says had rained C. said had rained D. said rained 23. John there since
27、 the year before, so he them.A. had worked knew B. had worked had knownC. worked knewD. worked had known24. He angry because he for a long time.A. had gothad waited B. gotwaited C. had gotwaited D. got had waited25. -I have seen the film“Titanic already.-When you it-The day before yesterday.A. have；
28、 seen B. will ； see C. did; see D. did; seen26. Mr Black in China since five years ago.A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live27. We trees last Sunday. So far we over 3000 trees there.A. planted; plantedB. planted; have plantedC. have planted plantedD. have planted; have planted练习答案：1) A.
29、 1) yet, yet2) already3) yetB. 1) since2) since3) sinceC. 1) have been2) has gone, Has, been, has been 3) have been, have been2. BDACA ADBDC CDDBC ABCDB DCADC BB现在完成时专项练习单项选择.1、Both hisMaybe theyparents look sad .whatshappened to him.A. knewB. have knownC. must knowD.will know2、He hasbeen to Shangha
30、i , has he ?A. alreadyB.neverC.everD. still4、 The famous writer one new book in the past two year.A.is writingB.was writingC.wroteD.haswritten5、一 Our country a lot so far.Yes. I hope it will be evenA. has changed ; wellB. changed ; goodC. has changed ; betterD. changed ; better6、Zhao Lan already in
31、this school for two years.A. was ; studyingB. will ; studyC. has ; studiedD. are ; studying7、We Xiao Li since she was a little girl.A. knowB. had knownC. haveknownD. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I it twice.A. will seeB. have seenC. sawD.see9、 These farmers have been to the United States.一
32、Really ? When there ?A. will they goB. did they goC. do they goD. have they gone10、you your homework yet ? Yes . I it a moment ago.A. Did ; do ; finishedB. Have ; done ; finishedC. Have ; done ; have finishedD. will ; do ; finish11、His father the Party since 1978.inA. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD.
33、has been12、 Do you know him well ?Sure.We friends since ten years ago.A. were B. have beenC. have becomeD. have made13、 How long have you here ?vedD.wentAbout two months.A.14、A.C.15、A.was16、beenHurryup !B.ThehashasItisMissgoneplayforbegunbeenontenyearssinceB.D.B.hashadGreenisntintheC. cometen minute
34、s.begunD.arribeganhe leftoffice . shethearmy.C.willtothelibrary.A.has goneC.willB.goD.has been17、My parentsShandongfor tenyears.A.have been inB. havebeentoC.have gone toD. havebeen18、The students have cleaned the classroomA. so theyB. don t theyC. have theyD. haven t they19、has Mr White been a membe
35、r of Greener China since heto ChinaA. How soon , comesB. How often , gotC. How long , cameD. How far , arrived20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university句型转换.1、He has never surfed ,?改成反意疑问句2、They have been here since 2000.对划线
36、局部提问have they been here ?3、The old man last year. He for a year.die 动词填空4、This factory opened twenty years ago.同义句转换This factory for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago.同义句转换Miss Gaoan hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .同义句Her mother the Party three years .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago.同义句转换把两个句子合并成一个句子two years the Green family moved to France.The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago.