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1、 欧 洲 文 化 入 门 复 习 题I. Complete each of following sentences with the most likely answer.（考 30 题，每题 1 分）1. In the Roman conquered Greece.A. 1200 B. C. B. 700 B. C. C. 146 B. C. D. The 5th century2. Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of TroyA. Oedipus the Ki
2、ng B. Iliad C. Odyssey D. Antigone3. Which of the following is NOT the plays written by AeschylusA. Antigone B. Agamemnon C. Persians D. Prometheus Bound4. Which of the following is NOT the plays written by SophoclesD. Oedipus the KingD. Pythagoras“ man is the measure of all thingsD. EpicurusD. Marc
3、us Tullius CiceroA. Electra B. Antigone C. Trojan Woman 5. Who was the founder of scientific mathematicsA. Heracleitus B. Aristotle C. Socrates6. Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine thatA. Protagoras B. Pythagoras C. Pyrrhon 11. Who wrote, “I came, I saw, I conquered ”A. Horace B. Julius Caesar C.
4、 Virgil12. The author of the philosophical poemOn the Nature of things isA. Virgil B. Julius Caesar C. Horace D. Lucretius13. Which of the following is not Roman architectureA. The Colosseum B. The PanthenonC. The Parthenon D. Pont du Gard14. Who wrote, “ Captive Greece took her rude conqueror capti
5、ve”A. Sappho B. Plato C. Virgil D. Horace15. Which of the following is by far the most influential in the WestA. Buddism B. IslamismC. Christianity D. Judaism16. The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called.A. ExodusB. Commandments C
6、. Amos D. Pentaeuch19. After the century Nestorianism reached China.A. sixthB. fifthC. secondD. third20. Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all other religionsA. Theodosius B. Augustus C. Constantine I D. Nero Caesar21. Which of the fol
7、lowing emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313A. AugustusB. Thedosius C. Nero D. Constantine I22. At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of.A. St. Peter B. St. Paul C. John Baptist D. John Wycliff23. By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been tra
8、nslated in languages.A. 228B. 974C. 1202D. 15424. When printing was invented in the 1500 s, the Bible was the firstcomplete work printed.A. EnglishB. LatinC. AramaicD. Hebrew25. When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear A. 1885B. 1611C. 1901D. 197927. The Middle Ages is al
9、so called the .A. “ Age of Christianity ”B. “ Age of Literature ”C. “Age of Holy Spirit ”D. “Age of Faith ”28. According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledged to do for a knight A. To be loyal to his lordB. To fight for the churchC. To obey without question the orders of the
10、 abbotD. To respect women of noble birth29. When was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in Western EuropeA. At the age of 14.B. When he was taught to say his prayers, learned good manners and ran errands for the ladies.C. At a special ceremony known as dubbing.D. When he was pledged to f
11、ight for the church.30. Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of westernEuropeA. clergy, knights and serfsB. Pope, bishop and peasantsC. clergy, lords and peasantsD. knights, nobles and serfs31. By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian stronghold and won the crusa
12、des and ruled all the territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control A. 1270B. 1254 C. 1096D. 129137. Which of the fol lowing was crowned “ Emperor of the Romans ” by the Pope in 800 A. St. Thomas AquinasB. CharlemagneC. ConstantineD. King James38. Who is the author of theOpus Maius
13、 A. Roger BaconB. Dante AlighieriC. ChaucerD. St. Thomas Aquinas41. Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio A. DecameronB. Canzoniers C. DavidD. Moses42. Who is the author of the painting, Betrayal of Judas A. GiottoB. Brunelleschi C. Donatello D. Giorgione43. Which of the following Hig
14、h Renaissance artists is the father of the modern mode of painting A. RaphaelB. Titian C. da Vinci D. Michelangelo44. Which of the following High Renaissance artists was best known for his Madona (Virgin Mary)A. TitianB. da VinciC. Michelangelo D. Raphael45. Which of the following paintings was base
15、d on the story in the Bible with Maria riding on a donkey ready to face the hardship ahead A. TempestaB. Sacred and Profane LoveC. Flight into EgyptD. The Return of the Hunters52. Which of the following works was written by Rabelais, in which he praises the greatness of man, expresses his love of lo
16、ve and his reverence and sympathy for humanist learning A. Gargantua and PantagruelB. Don QuixoteC. The Praise of FollyD. Utopia53. Which of the follo wing works is worth reading for Montaigne s humanist ideasand a style which is easy and familiar A. Sonnets B. Decameron C. Rabelais D. Of Repentance
17、54. Which of the following is NOT French writer poet A. Cervantes B. Pierre de Ronsard C. Rabelais D. Montaigne55. In 1516 who published the first Greek edition of the New TestamentA. BruegelB. ErasmusC. El Greco D. Rabelais58. The author of The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbsis A. Kepler B. Coperni
18、cusC. GalileoD. Newton59. Galileo is the greatest name in the physics of the 1th7 century. His telescope magnified objects .A. a thousand timesB. a hundred timesC. ten-thousand timesD. five-hundred times60. Engels said:“ The revolutionary act by which natural science declared its independence was th
19、e publication of the immortal work” ,what does theimmortal work refer to A. Sidereus NunciusB. New Eassays Concerning Human UnderstandingC. New system of NatureD. The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs65. and Newton invented independently the differential and integralcalculus.A. Descartes B. Copernicus
20、 C. Leibniz D. Kepler66. Which of the following works was not written by Francis Bacon A. Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingB. The Novum Organum (New Method)C. The New AtlantisD. The Advancement of Learning67. Which of the following philosophers believed that man is selfish by natureA. John LockeB
21、. DescartesC. Pierre GassendiD. Thomas Hobbes68. In 1644, John Milton wrote a protest against a parliamentary decree re-imposing complete censorship of the press. This was his best known prose .A. AndromaqueB. AreopagiticaC. Paradise LostD. Paradise Regained69. Which of the following is NOT the cont
22、ent of the Bill of Rights which limited the Sovereign s power in certain important directionsA. Parliament was responsible for all the law making.B. The power of suspending the laws by royal authority was declared to be 川egal.C. The King should levy no money at any time.D. The King should not keep a
23、 standing army in time of peace without consent of Parliament.78. Which of the following artists helped to bring the Roman Baroque style to its climaxA. Rubens B. Borromini C. CaravaggioD. Bernini79. Which of the following artists helped to spread the Baroque style to North EuropeA. Rubens B. Velazq
24、uezC. Borromini D. Bernini80. In painting of the 17th century, who won international fame and his style is basically classical, his figures are frozen and their action stiff A. Christopher Wren B. Rembrandt C. Poussin D. RubbensII. Fill in the following blanks. (考 10 空.每空 1 分)1. European culture is
25、made up of many elements, two of these elements are considered to be more enduring and they are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.2. The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides.3. To illustrate the principle of the level, Archimed
26、es is said to have told the king:“ Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.”4. In the 4th century, the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium, renamed it Constantinople ( modern Istanbul ).5. She-wolf is the statue which illustrates the legend of creation of Roman.6
27、. Among all the religions by which people seek to worship, Christianity is by far the most influential in the West.7. The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament.8. In European history, the thousand year period following the fall of t
28、he West Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages.9. As a knight, he was pledged to protect the weak, to fight for the church, to be loyal to his lord and to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known as code of chivalry, from which the western idea of good manners develo
29、ped.10. Under feudalism, people of Western Europe were mainly divided into three classes:clerg.yJords and peasants.11. To express their religious feelings, many people in the Middle Ages went on journeys to sacred places where early Christian leaders had lived. The most important of all was Jerusale
30、m.12. Beowulf is an Anglo-Sexon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from the collective efforts of oral literature.13. Loenardo da Vinci s major wLrkst: Supper is the most famous of religious pictures; Mona Lisa probably is the world s most famous portrait.14. The Reformation led by Martin Luth
31、er which swept over the whole of Europe was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible.15. Cervantes crowned literature of Spain and Shakespeare of England during the Renaissance.16. The Puhtan Movement was the reli
32、gious cause of the English Revolution.17. Corneille, Racine, and Moliere are the three major dramatists of the French neoclassicism in the 17th century.III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. （考 10 题，每题 1 分）1. Diogenes is chiefly noted for his doctrine that“ man is the measur
33、e of all things.F2. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece. T3. Venus de Milo was discovered in the island of Milo in 1920. F4. Roman law eventually became the core of modern civil and commercial law in many Western countries. T5. The Romans greatly admired Greek works
34、 and freely borrowed from them. And besides being profound, powerful and beautiful, their own writings showed little originality. F6. After 392 A.D., Christianity had changed from an object of oppression to a weapon in the hands of the ruling class to crush their opponents. T7. The Bible is much mor
35、e than a religious book; it is really an encyclopedia: history, literature, philosophy and record of great minds. T8. The Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew, the New Testament in a popular form of Latin.F9. During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The
36、only organization that seemed to unite Europe was feudalism. F10. Some of the hermits were great scholars known as“ Father of the Church ” , whwork is generally considered orthodox. T11. Charlemagne wanted to rule as the emperors of Rome had done in ancient times and eventually was crowned “ Emperor
37、 of the Romans by himself in 800.12. Where the impact with Italy was most strongly felt in fine arts, in France it was literature and in England it was philosophy and drama. T13. After Reformation, in religion, Protestantism brought into being different forms of Christianity to challenge the absolut
38、e rule of the Roman Catholic Church. T14. The Cartesian doubt is summarized in his motto:I doubt, therefore I think: Ithink , therefore I am. T 15. Baroque art, flourished first in Spain was characterized by dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and color. F16. Th
39、e designing and building of St. Paul s Cathedral is the landmark in Frencharchitecture. F17. The three composers of the classical music , Bach ,Haydn and Mozart are known as the Viennese School. F18. The representatives of the Later Romantics in music are Berlioz, Liszt, Wagner, Verdi, Brahms, and T
40、chaikovsky. T19. As Isaac Newton dominated 17h-century science with his discovery of the laws governing the bodies of the universe, so Charles Darwin dominated 18th-centuryscience, for he discovered the laws governing the evolution of man himself. F20. Black humor is a kind of desperate humor. It is
41、 the laughteat tragic things. Man s fate is decided by comprehensible powers. We can t do anything about it,therefore we may as well laugh. FIV. Explain the following terms in English. （考 3 个名词，每词 10 分） 1. Humanism -Broadly, this term suggests any attitude, which tends to exalt the human element or
42、stress the importance of human interests, as opposed to the supernatural, divine element or as opposed to the grosser, animal elements. In a more specific sense, humanism suggests a devotion to those studies supposed to promote human culture most effectivelyin particular, those dealing with the life
43、, thought, language and literature of ancient Greece and Rome. In literary of classical culture that accompanied the Renaissance.2. Enlightenment -The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement originating in France, which attracted widespread support among the ruling and intellectual classes of Eur
44、ope and North America in the second half of the 18h century. It characterizes the efforts by certain European writers to use critical reason to free minds from prejudice, unexamined authority and oppression by church or State. Therefore, the Enlightenment is sometimes called the Age of Reason.3. Neo
45、-classicism -It was initiated by Dryden, culminated in Pope and continued by Johnson. Neo-classicists modeled themselves on classical, ancient Greek and Latin authors. They wanted to achieve perfect form in literature. They general tended to look at social and political life critically. They emphasi
46、ze on intellect rather than imagination. They observed fixed laws and rules in literary creation. Poets preferred heroic couplet. In drama, they adhered to three unities, time, place and action. They emphasized on the didactic function of literature.4. Calvinism -The French theologian put his though
47、ts in his Institutes of the Christian Religion, which was known as Calvinism. Calvinism rejected the papal authorities and stressed the absolute authority of God s will, holding that only those specially elected by God are saved. It also held that any form of sinfulness was a likely sign of damnatio
48、n whereas ceaseless work could be a sign of salvation. Many historians have suggested that Calvinism helped to pave the way for Capitalism.5. Reformation It was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It was led by Martin Luther and swept over the whole of Europe. This movement was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute author