《牛津深圳版七年级上下册英语语法教案及练习：第3讲代词.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《牛津深圳版七年级上下册英语语法教案及练习：第3讲代词.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、牛津深圳版七年级上下册英语语法教案及练习专题学习-代词13【导入】【重点讲解】知识点1人称代词 人称代词起代表人和事物的作用，有人称、数和格的变化1.人称代词的形式第二人称第三人称人称单数复数单复数单数复数主格we我们you你he,他she,她it它they他们宾格me我us我们you你him 他，her她，it 它them他们2.人称代词的用法成分说明例旬作主语人称代词主格在句中作主语， 通常放在句子的旬首代替上 文提到的人、物或事。Tom is my classmate. He likes watching TV （He 主格作主语替代Tom）作宾语人称代词宾格在句中作谓语动 词或介词宾语
2、。My mother loves me. （me宾格作动词love的宾语）【知识拓展】1 .人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。He is taller that I/me.他比我高。2 .人称代词在句中并列使用时，单数单数情况的顺序为 ：，三，一人称，即you, he and I；复数 情况的顺序为 一，一，二人称，即we, you and they。如果要承担责任，说话者则把第一人称（I 或we）放在最前面。例如:You, she and I can answer the questions,她和我能回答这个问题-Who broke the window?谁
3、打破了窗户？ -I and Tom我和汤姆。3, she常可以代表国家、大地、月亮、太阳、船只等。例如 :China will always do what she promised to do中国总是言出必行。4, it的特殊用法：常用来代替不明性别的小孩。It is a lovely child.那真是个可爱的孩子。指代 this 或 that。 例如：That must be a cat, isnt it?IBte是只彳S,不是吗？指代时问、距离、天气、环境等。例如：-Whats the weather like today冷大天气怎么样？ -Its windy.刮风了。Its abou
4、t five minutes walk from my home to school 从我学校步 约五分钟。If it snows tomorrow, we will stay at home.如果明雪我们就彳家里。用来确指某人，特别是身份不明的人。Who is it?他是谁？-Its the postman邮递员。指代前文提过的一件事情。A woman saw it happen一位妇女看到了匕的发生。作形式主语或形式宾语代替不定式、动名词短语或主语从句。Its nice of you to give me so much help你给我这么多的帮助真是太好了。知识点2物主代词表示人和物之间
5、的所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词人称意义数量物主代词形容词性名词性第一人称我单数mymine我们复数ourours第二人称你单数youryours你们复数youryours第三人称他单数hishis她herhers它itsits他/她/它们复数theirtheirs用法:分类作用例旬形容词性物主代词相当于一个形容词，不能单独使用，后面必接名词my pen我的钢笔your bag你的书包Is that your bike?那是你的自行车吗？名词性物主代词相当于一个名词，可以单独使用， 在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语 使用举例：my pen=mineMy ba
6、g is red=mine is re【知识拓展】在 打/拉+某人+身体某部位”的结构中，虽然汉语中有 我的，你的，他/她的，等之意，但英语中都不用物主代词，要用the。伤J如：hit sb. in the face打某人的脸;by the hand拉某人的手hit sb. on the nose 打 某人的鼻子;catch sb. by the arm抓某人的胳月堂;take sb. by the hand拉某人 的手知识点3反身代词表示动作回到执行者本身，用以加强语气，意为“（某人）自己”的代词叫反身代词。反身代词与它所指代的名称或代词在人称、数上保持一致，反身代词有人称和数的变化。1.反
7、身代词的分类myself 我自己 yourself你自己 himself他自己 herself她自己 itself 它自己ourselveslMi自己的yourselves你们自己的themselves# /她/它们自己【知识拓展】常见的含有反身代词的短语有： enjoy oneself=have a good time （过得愉快） by oneself=alone （单 独，独自地） help oneself （随便吃 /喝些 ）learn sth from oneself=teach oneself sth 自学）say to oneself （自言 自语）for oneself （亲
8、自）知识点4指示代词用来指示人或事物的代词叫指示代词。指示代词与冠词和人称代词一样都具有指定的含义。用法例旬在句中起名词作用，作主语、宾语、表语 ；也 可起形容词作用，作定语Thats a good idea 是个好主思。These bags are very heav 这些包很重。this和these一般用来指在时间或仝问上较近的事物或人;that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人This is a pen and that is a pencil.这是支车冈笔， 那是支铅笔。有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物；this和these则是指卜间将要讲到的事物He was 川 y
9、esterday. I m sorry to hear that.（t承上）What I want to tell you is this.（ this 启卜）有时为了避免重复，常可用that指代前文同类 的/、口数名词;those指代前文同类的复数可 数名词;用the one指代与前文同类的单数可数 名词Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai北京制造的电视和 上海制造的电视一样好。this在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表对方Hello ! This is Mary.喂，我是玛丽。
10、Is that lack speaking?尔是力、克吗?指示代词有：this, that, these, those, suc晞。hat【知识拓展】1 .指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人。例如 ：That is my teacherIB是我的老师。（that作主语，指人）I bought this.我买了这个。（this指物，可作宾语）2 . such表示 这样，如此的”，在句中可作主语、定语。例如：Such are the problem对是这些问题。（主语）I have met many such peopl哦遇见过彳艮多这样 的人。（定语）【易错提
11、示】such作定语时，如果名词前有不定冠词，则such放在不定冠词前面。例如：I have never seen such a beautiful place befo瞰以前从来没有见过这么漂亮的地方。知识点5不定代词不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名称 和形容词，表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分，在句中可做主语、表语、宾语和 定语等。基本语法：(1) some any 的用法用法例旬some, any作定语时既可以修饰可数名词，又 可以修饰/、可数名词Some ricein the bag has been sold out.Do
12、you have any brothers or sisters?some多用丁,肯aE句；在表小请求、劝告、邀请、或不布望对方拒绝的疑问句中用 some而不用anyW川 you give me some water?请给 些水好 吗？any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中； 用于肯定句中，表示任何”Are there any stamps in your drawer?If you have any questions, please ask me.Any child needs love任何一个孩子都需要爱。some和any可以用来修饰单数名词，some表示 某一” .anyfe示 任
13、何的”Any student can answer this question.Some day Chinese people will fly to the moon.(2) few, a few, little, a little 的用法用法用十口数名词用于不可数名词表示肯定概念a few虽少，但后几个a little虽少，但后一点表示否定概念few不多，几乎没有little不多，没有什么I know little about the book.我几乎不知道这本书的内谷。There is a little water in the bottle 瓶子里有一些牛奶He has a few f
14、riends他有一些朋友。（定语）(3) other, the other, others, the others another的用法用法例旬other某一个，另一些，其他的。不能单独使用，后面需 跟单数名词或复数名词，泛指别的Where are his other books?others其他。必须单独使用，泛指别人或别的东西，常用于 “some。 others结构 些一些” ”Some are red, and others are black.the other两个中的另一个，剩下的一个。特指，常用于“ onethe other 结构She has two sisters - one
15、is a nurse, and the other is a teacher.theothers其他全部，其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese.another另一个（指多个中的任何一个），可单独用，也可接 单数名词或名词复数，表示另几个.再几个This shirt is too small. Can you show another one?(4) all, both, none, either, neither的用法用法例旬all侧重指三者或二者以上 都，全部，一切”2a
16、ii于否定句时，表示部分否定；表示全部否定使用 none.(I) All the students are on the playground.(2)Not all books are good.(= All booksare not good不是所有的书者B是女仆。【知识拓展】all作主语，指代人时，谓语动词使用复数形式，指代事情时，谓语动词一 般使用单数；All goes very well , 一切进展非常顺利。both表示两者都”Both seats are taken.两个座位都被用于否 定句表示部分否定，全部否定使用neither;(3)both. and 两者都,既又 。占了。
17、They both are not workers.他们两个不都是工人。【知识拓展】both作主语时，谓语动词使用复数形式Both of them have been to Beijing.none(1)意为 没有人，没有一个，一点儿也没有，作 主语和宾语，不作定语；none指代可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数或 复数形式均可.，而指代不可数名词时，谓语动词须 使用单数形式。None of the books are mine.这些书 都不是我的。None of the rubbish has been removed就圾一点也没运走。【易错警小】none与no one的区别:none既可指人
18、，又可指物，而no one忌为 没有人， 只能用于指人.作土语时，谓语用单数；none可以与of拾配，而no one无此用法；none用于 回答how many或者城how much引出的特殊疑问句，而 no one用于回答who引出的特 殊贬问句。例如：How many students are there in the classroom now?现在教室里有多少学生 ？-None.没有一 个人。Who is in the classroom now?在谁在教室呢？-No one没人。either1表示网者中任何一个“，可作主语、宾语和定语；2either作主语时.谓语动词应使用单数形式(
19、I)You can park on either side of thestreet你在街道的哪边停二车都可以。【知识拓展】1. either可用于拾配either. or.愈为 或者或者 ；要么 要么。例如：Either he or I am to blame或者他或者我将受到责备。2. either副词 也”，用于否定句的句末。He wont go and I wont go either.他不去，我也不去。neither(1)意为防者都不”，可作主语、宾语和定语；(2) neither. nor.既不 也不，。 Neither answer is correct.两个答案 都/、对。(2
20、)Neither he nor I am a doctor 他和我 都不是医生。【易错警示】neither作主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式；作定语时，修饰单数名词。(4) much, many 的用法用法例旬much意为许多，大量”，修饰或替代不可数名词，作主语 时，谓语动词使用单数形式I have much homework to dotonight.我今晚有很多作业要做。many意为许多，大量”，修饰或替代可数名词，作主语时 谓语动词使用复数形式Many hands make light work.人多 好办事。【知识拓展】1 . more, most分别是much, many的比较级和最高
21、级，因此， more , most既可单独使用，指代不 可数名词或可数名词的复数，也可修饰/、可数名词或可数名词的复数。As the land is being built on, we wont have more left.由于土地上正在搞建设， 我们剩下的土地不多 了。I usually spend most ofmy spare time watching TV 我通常部分时间看电视。2 .many和 much之前可用 so, too等词修饰。Im not used to eating so much at lunchtime.我不习惯午饭吃太多。There wont be too m
22、any people in the park. 公园里的人不会太多。(5) one, ones 的用法用法例旬one指代可数名词单数，既可指人，也可指物。 所有格为ones,反身彳t词为oneself,复数形 式为ones.Chinese is one of the most useful language inthe world汉语是世界最后启用语百之一。指代文中已出现过的事物，避免重复。单数用one, 复数用 ones -He bought a new pen yesterday.His old one isbroken.昨天他买了一只新钢笔。他的那只旧的坏了。【易错警示】it, one与
23、that的区别:(1) it特指上下文提到的同一事物。例如：.The coat is hers. Its very beautiful这件外套是她的，它非常漂亮。one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个。例如：I lost my pen. I must buy one我丢了我的钢笔，我必须买一支。that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。例如 :The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Nanjingd匕京的天气比南京冷。知识点6疑问代词用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。它们一般位于句首。疑问代词：who what when w
24、hich whose how whyhow many how much how often how old how long how far what time what colour what daywhat date【课堂小结】代词的用法：1 .人称代词：主格宾格2 .物主代词：形容词性：名词性：3 .反身代词:4 .指示代词:5 . 不定代词：some&any many&much one&ones other,others, another, the other辨析 all,both, none, neither, either 用法6 .疑问代词：【真题链接】()1.- Would y
25、ou like tea or coffee?- -, thanks! I d prefer a coke.A. BothB. NeitherC. AllD. Some( )2.When Patty makes a promise, she keeps.”A. itB. themC. itsD. ones()3. There is news about this movie star in the newspaper. Where can I get some?A. manyB. a fewC. a lotD. little()4.If nature can t reuse the rubbis
26、h, we must recycle _A. it B. them C. itsD. his()5.They worried that this man would never get potatoes ready in time.A. heB .himC. himselfD. his()6. Hurry up, kids! The school bus is coming. We have time left.A. few B. a few C. little D. a little()7.The king took it to the palace, but_when he played
27、it, the harp sounded terrible. Manypeople tried it.A. another B. otherC. othersD. the other【实战演练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Did the students enjoy(they) in the World Park?2. Do you know the girl standing between Jenny and(I)?3. A friend of(she) visited our school yesterday.4. Whose books are those? They，re(
28、we).5. You can come at(any) time.6. Boys and girls, help(you) to some fruit.7. Is the book on the desk(you)?8. Lily and Lucy are over there. Please pass the pens to(they). 选择正确答案( )1. Do you have any water?Yes, I have in my glass.A. little B. few C. a few D. a little( )2. There is some salt in the b
29、owl. Please pass to me.A. it B. one C. them D. this( )3. The question is simple. can answer it.A. Someone B. AnybodyC. NobodyD. No one( )4. I invited Joe and Linda to have dinner. But of them had free time.A. neitherB. either C. none D. both()5. It was a long journey, but of them four felt bored.A.
30、neitherB. bothC. noneD. all( )6. There are many tall trees on sides of the street.A. bothB. allC. eitherD. neither()7. Dont lose in computer games, boys.A. yourself B. yourselves C. himselfD. themselves( )8. The old woman kept one black dog and two White.A. oneB. ones C. those D. these( )9.of us wan
31、ts to go to the park today, because we have to finish so much homework.A. EitherB. BothC. Neither( )10.-Which of the two magazines will you take?-Ill take though I find of them are very useful to me.A. all ; bothB. either, either C. either; both【课后作业】()1. Which one would you like better? . Would you
32、 show me one?A. None; the otherB. Nothing; anotherC. No one; the otherD. Neither; another( )2. Do you like Lucys new skirt?Yes, very much. Ill ask mum to buy for me.A. it B. one C. this D. that()3. did the teacher talk about to you just now?Something about the sports meeting.A. HowB. WhatC. WhereD.
33、When()4. We bought nothing last night, because of the shops was open.A. all B. any C. some D. none( )5. Can I read here minutes longer?A. a fewB. fewC. littleD. a little()6. Is ready for the journey? No. We havengot a camera.A. everything B. something C. nothingD. anything( )7. Would you please buy
34、some orange for me, Tony? There is left.A. little B. a little C. few D. a few( )8. There is knocking at the door. Go and see who it is.A. nobodyB. somebody C. anybody D. everybody( )9. Do you want cake?Yes, I usually eat a lot when I am hungry.A. other B. others C. another D. the other( )10. The weather in Shanghai is hotter than in Beijing.A. itB. thatC. oneD. those