定语从句常见错误例析.doc

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1、一. 误用关系词1. Ill never forget the days when we spent together on the farm.2. This is the factory where he was invited to visit last month.分析:定语从句的先行词是表示时间或地点的名词或代词时,引导定语从句的关系词不一定都是when或where。关系词的选择主要取决于定语从句中的谓语动词。如果从句的谓语动词是及物动词而且其后没有宾语,就用关系代词 that或which作宾语。如果从句的谓语动词是不及物动词或者是后面已经有了宾语的及物 动词,就用关系副词。在句1和句

2、2中,从句谓语动词 spent和visit都是及物动词,而且后面又没有宾语,所以应分别将 when和 where 改为that或 which。二. 宾语重复1. As we all know it, the earth is round.2. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see it carried out the next month.分析:如果关系代词在从句中作宾语,则谓语动词后面就不能再有宾语。在句1中,关系代词as作从句谓语动词 know的宾语,因此,it就是多余的,应去掉。在句2中,关系代词that在从

3、句中作动词 see 的宾语,因此it也是多余的,应去掉。三. 缺少先行词或关系词1. Is this park where his father works?2. I went to the village they grew up.分析:定语从句前面必须有先行词和关系词。在句1中,关系副词 where前缺少先行词,所以应在where前面加上先行词 the one (代表this park )。在句 2中,先行词the village 和定语从句之间缺少关 系词,谓语动词 grew up为不及物动词,所以应在先行词 the village后面加上关系副词 where 。四. whose 的误用

4、1.1 live in a house whose the window faces south.2. This is the student whoses parents died in the fire.分析:whose在定语从句中作定语时,应将其放到被修饰的名词前面,该名词前不能再有其他限定词。因此句1中应去掉 window前面的定冠词the。句2中的whoses是错误的,因此应去掉“ s。”五. 忽略标点符号的作用1. The old man has three sons, all of them are workers.2. Dont carry the pan out of the

5、 kitchen, in that case you might have the house on fire.分析:在使用定语从句时,如果主句和从句之间用了逗号,就意味着逗号后面是一个非限制性定语从句。如果关系词出现在介词的后面,则应为关系代词whom, whose(指人)或which (指物),不应该为that或them 。因此句 1中的them应改为 whom ,句 2中的that应改为 which 。六. 错认先行词1.1 was the only one in the office that was invited to the party.2. Do you remember on

6、e afternoon in America where a terrible earthquake took place?分析:一般来说,先行词后面紧跟着关系词,其次再跟定语从句。但有时岀于意思上的需要而在先行词和关系词之间插入了其他成分。在这种情况下确定哪一个是先行词,便是正确理解句子的关键。在句1中,先行词是the only one 而不是the office。因此应将that改为who,以免引起误解。在句2中,先行词是one afternoon 而不是 America ,故应将 where 改为 when 。七. 不注重固定搭配1. Such person like him cant

7、be depended on.2. He went to the same university which his brother did.分析:当先行词被 such或the same修饰时,其后的定语从句常由as引导,因此,suchas和the same as是固定搭配。所以,应将句中1中的like改为as ;将句 2中的 which 改为as。八. 主谓不一致1.1, who is your brother, have the right to prevent you from doing that.2. She is one of the students who has passed

8、 the exam this time.分析:定语从句中的谓语动词和先行词在人称和数上保持一致。句1中的先行词是I ,因此定语从句中的谓语动词is应改为am。但当先行词是 one of后面的the students时,定语从句的谓语动词常为复数 形式;如果 one前面有the only , the very , the last修饰,则说明先行词是one,定语从句谓语动词常为单数形式。因此,句2中的has应改为 have 或在 one 前面加修饰语 the only 或the very。九. 与其它从句混淆1. This is the house in which he lives.2. Th

9、is is the house where he lives.3. This is where he lives.4. This is in which he lives.分析:这四个句子中,前三个句子是对的。第四个句子是错的,因为in which不能在此句中引导表语从句。由于in which前面缺少先行词,因此也不能认为in which he lives是定语从句。十.误用 as 和 which1. Bamboo is hollow, as makes it very light.2. Which we all know, the earth is round.分析:as和which用来引导

10、定语从句时,它们之间的区别在于:弓I导定语从句的as可以放到主句前面也可以放到主句后面,而引导定语从句的which只能放到主句后面。 as引导的定语从句表示芷像那样,正如 ”。例如:as is often the case (这是常有的事), as we all can see (我们可以看得见),as is known to all (大家都知道), as has been pointed out (正如所指出的那样), as is announced (正 如所宣布的那样)。因此句1中的as应改为which , which在意思上指前面整个主句的内容, 如果用as , 无论从意思上看还是搭配上看都不对;句2中的which应改为as 。

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