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1、2015高中英语 语法冲刺 英语句子的类型英语句子的类型 一、.简单句 1. According to scientists, our mental abilities declined from the age of 27. S+ V (主+谓) 2.The Harry Potter books are quite popular S+ V+ P (主+系+表) 3.Sarah looked at the finished painting with a satisfaction. S+ V+ O (主+谓+宾) 4.The company promised us a bonus this
2、year. S+ V+ o+ O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 5.We must keep our school clean S+ V+ O+ C (主+谓+宾+宾补) 二、.并列句 and, but, or,while等 1.Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs to be done to achieve the final success. 2.He had plenty of money and he spent it freely. 3.You have to move out of the way or the truck ca
3、nnot get past you. 4. I am doing some dishes, while my brother is watching TV. 三、.复合句: (一)名词从句(宾，主，表，同) 1. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently. 宾语从句 2. His daughter is quite different from what she was five years ago. 宾语从句 3. We find it diffic
4、ult that we should finish the work on time. 形式宾语 宾语从句 4. It doesnt matter whether you turn right or left at the crossing;both roads lead to the park. 形式主语 主语从句 5. What I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger. 主语从句 6. Your future is in your hands. Your life is what you make of it. 表语从句
5、 7. There is much truth in the idea that kindness is usually served by frankness. 同位语从句 (二) 副词从句(状语从句) 1. I dont believe weve met before, although I must say you do look familiar. 让步状语从句 2. This restaurant wasnt half as good as that other restaurant we went to. 比较状语从句 3. I had hardly got to the offi
6、ce when my wife phoned me to go back home at once. 时间状语从句 1 (三)形容词从句(定语从句) 1. That evening, which I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. 定语从句修饰That evening 2. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from whom you received gifts? 定语从句修饰the relatives 3. I wish to thank
7、Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far. 定语从句修饰Professor Smith 4. We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 定语从句修饰an age 英语句子的成分和句式结构的实战列举 学习和掌握英语句子的成分和句式结构有利于我们更好地理解句子的意思，特别是长句;从另一个方面来看，也有利于我们写出更准确更多样化的句子，从而提高我们长句分析能力和写作能力，突
8、破阅读和写作的瓶颈。 1.长句分析 ?We promise (_) attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 定语(修饰chance) 定语(修饰photo) A.who B. whom C. whoever D. Whomever 【解析】首先本句考查的关键短语是 promise sb sth“向某人承诺某事”。本句指的是我们答应参加聚会的人，让他们有何电影明星合影的机会，不定式做 chance 的定语。句中的宾语为“参加聚会的人”是一个从句，故选C。whoeve
9、r=anyone who 引导宾语从句，所以划分句子成分非常关键。 ? I was growing up in Kuala Lumpur in the early 1960s, (_ )children from different races and 主语 谓语 状语 定语(修饰 the early 1960s) religions played and studied together in harmony. A. why B. which C. How D. when 【解析】本句考查定语从句，先行词是“20世纪 60年代”，所以用 when，相当于in/during which。 ?M
10、y kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down, 主语 谓语 宾语 主语 系动词 表语(从句) and I was stuck by the highway for an hour before someone stopped to help. 表语(从句) 状语 状语(从句) What made “I” finally think of getting a cell phone? (福建，2013) Being stuck by the highway. B. Being urged by
11、his grandkids. C. Being persuaded by cell phone salespersons. D. Being attracted by the friendly return policy. 【解析】细节理解题。根据对上句的成分结构的分析，可以帮助理解此句的意思为:“我的孩子一直烦着我要买把手机，而最终促使我去做这件事的是我的车坏在公路上，而且被困在那里好几个小时才有人停下来帮我修车。” 可知答案为 A 项。 2.书面表达句式多样化 ?“胖”句子:在句子结构中的主要成分上，适当地加上次要成分，能充实句子，让句子体现作者较高的修辞意识。 【精彩呈现】He was
12、sleeping. ? He was sleeping in class. (添加状语) 2 ? He was sleeping in the English class.(添加定语) ? He was sleeping soundly in the English class.(添加状语) ? He is sleeping soundly in the English class when the teacher calls his name.(添加when 连接的简单句) ? He, who attended his friends birthday party till midnight
13、 yesterday, was sleeping soundly in the English class when 3. 圆的对称性:the teacher called his name. (添加who引导的定语从句) 74.94.15有趣的图形3 P36-41注:句子扩写时有一点非常关键的，就是要划清句子的主要成分，并弄清单词的词性。 定义：在RtABC中，锐角A的对边与邻边的比叫做A的正切，记作tanA，【即时演练】John has been playing computer games.(让句子胖起来) 【参考答案】:John has been playing computer ga
14、mes in the study since he came back from school, 上述五个条件中的任何两个条件都可推出其他三个结论。angering his parents. 5.二次函数与一元二次方程? “瘦”句子:同样把句子简化下来，也能起到意想不到的美化句子的效果。 一年级有学生 人，通过师生一学期的共同努力，绝大部分部分上课能够专心听讲，积极思考并回答老师提出的问题，下课能够按要求完成作业，具有一定基础的学习习惯，但是也有一部分学生的学习习惯较差，学生上课纪律松懈，精力不集中，思想经常开小差，喜欢随意讲话，作业不能及时完成，经常拖拉作业，以致学习成绩较差，还需要在新学期
15、里多和家长取得联系，共同做好这部分学生行为习惯的培养工作。【精彩呈现】A: As he was tired and hungry, the boy was unwilling to move on. 7.同角的三角函数间的关系：? 三三角函数的计算Tired and hungry, the boy was unwilling to move on. B: Mary came late, which made her teacher angry. ? (1)相交: 直线与圆有两个公共点时,叫做直线和圆相交,这时直线叫做圆的割线.Marys coming late made her teacher angry. 定理: 不在同一直线上的三个点确定一个圆. （尺规作图）注:句子瘦写时，关键的是要关注句子成分的各种不同的形式，使用更符合情境，更生动的表达形式。 【即时演练】Because he did not know what to do, he had to ask the teacher for help. 【参考答案】Not knowing what to do, he had to ask the teacher for help. 3