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1、高中英语语法-被动语态株洲市新时代补习学校 尽心竭力办教育，科学方法育桃李 高中英语语法专项(10) 被动语态 (一) 语态的基本概念和种类 语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。 如:They built the bridge.(主)The bridge was built by them.(被) (二)被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be，及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明
2、被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时:am,is,are，taught 一般过去时:was,were，taught 一般将来时:will be，taught 现在1 进行时:am,is,are being，taught 过去进行时:was,were being，taught 现在完成时:have,has been，taught 过去将来时:would be，taught 过去完成时:had been，taught 歌诀是:被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个知识点:情态动词+be+过去分词 (三)被动语态的用法 1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如
3、: Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。 (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如:the window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 歌诀:谁做的动作不知道，说出
4、谁做的没有必要; 动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到 (四)主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项 2 歌诀是:宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 (1) 通常的办法是:将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。如: Li Lei planted the tree last year. ? The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。 Workers m
5、ade the machines in Changsha. ? The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造的。 (2) 将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如: He painted the door green yesterday. ?The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天门被漆成绿色了。 注意:表示“使、让”的动词make, have等，以及感官动词see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to,
6、look at等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的 to 要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带to。如: I saw him go into the teachers office. ?He was seen to go into the teachers office.看见他进入了教师办公室。 3 (3) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加to 或for留在动词之后;也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。如: He gave me the pen last year.
7、 ?I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year. 这支笔是去年给我的。 【说明】一般说来，间接宾语前带to的动词有:bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, throw等;间接宾语前带for的动词有:book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save等。 (4) 动词believe, consider, declare, expect, know, r
8、eport, say, suppose, think等的被动语态，常有两种结构形式。如: He was said to get hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。 株洲市新时代补习学校 尽心竭力办教育，科学方法育桃李 It was said that he got hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。 (5) 短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。如: She has never been operated on before. 她从未动过手术。 The baby was looked afte
9、r by her sister. 这婴儿由她的姐4 姐照顾。 His plan was laughed at by everyone. 他的计划大家都嘲笑。 (6)动词不定式的被动语态:即把to do 变成to be done (五)不用被动语态的情况 (1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态: appear, die, disappear, end , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand ,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take pla
10、ce. After the fire, very little remained of my house. 比较: rise, fall, happen是不及物动词;raise, seat是及物动词。 (错) The price has been risen. (对) The price has risen. (错) The accident was happened last week. (对) The accident happened last week. (错) The price has raised. (对) The price has been raised. (错) Pleas
11、e seat. (对) Please be seated. 要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。 5 (2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语: fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
12、This key just fits the lock. Your story agrees with what had already been heard. (3) 系动词无被动语态: appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn It sounds good. (4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态: die, death, dream, live, life She dreamed a bad dream
13、last night. (5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。 (对) She likes to swim. (错) To swim is liked by her. (六)主动形式表示被动意义 (1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如: The book sells well. 这本书销路好。 This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。 (2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build等。例如: I
14、was to blame for the accident. 事故发生了，我该受指责。 6 Much work remains. 还有许多活要干。 (3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如: The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。 This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 (4)特殊结构:make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)等。例如: Explain
15、 it clearly and make yourself understood. 解释清楚些，让别人理解你的话。 (七) 被动形式表示主动意义，如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get married等。例如: He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。 株洲市新时代补习学校 尽心竭力办教育，科学方法育桃李 注意:表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb.
16、均可。例如: He married a rich girl. 他与一个富妞结婚了。 He got married to a rich girl. 【专项练习】 7 1. It is said that a new robot _by him in a few days. A. designed B. has been designed C. will be designed D. will have been designed 2. We are late. I expect the film _by the time we get to the cinema. A. will already
17、 have started B. would already have started C. shall have already started D. has already been started 3. She will stop showing off if no notice_ of her. A. is taken B. takes C. will be taken D. has taken 4. Diamond _in Brazil in 1971. A. is found B. has been found C. was found D. had been found 5. “
18、Have you moved to the new flat?” “Not yet. The room _.” A. has been painted B. is painted C. paints D. is being painted 6. My pictures _until next Friday. A. wont develop B. arent developed C. dont develop D. won t be developed 8 7. Tim _since he lost his job three weeks ago. A. had been unemployed
19、B. was unemployed C. has been unemployed D. has unemployed 8. A great number of colleges and universities _since 1949. A. has been establish B. have been established C. have established D. had been established 9. Ill have to push the car to the side of the road because we _if we leave it here. A. wo
20、uld be fined B. will be fined C. will being fined D. will have been fined 10. “_two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and see it together?” A. They have been given B. I have been given C. I am given D. They have given to me 9 11. The subject of these lectures _by
21、 the lecture committee. A. is announced B. have been announced C. are announced D. has been announced 12. I found an aspirin bottle _dropped on the floor of Davids room. A. was B. had C. had been D. is 13.The goods _when we arrived at the airport. A. were just unloading B. were just been unloading C
22、. had just unloaded D. were just being unloaded 14. If one _by pride, he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance. A. overcomes B. is overcome C. has been overcome D. overcome 15. Most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them _taken in the past. A. was not B.
23、 were not C. were not being 10 D. had not been 16. You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator, now _sour. A. I smell B. it is smelt C. it smells D. it is smelling 株洲市新时代补习学校 尽心竭力办教育，科学方法育桃李 17. After the race_, the celebration began. A. had been won B. is won C. will be won D. has been won 1
24、8. He was here for a little while, but I dont knows where she _now. A. is B. was C. had been D. has been 19. The young teacher has _ competent. A. been proved to be B. proved to be C. been proved D. proved being 20. Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, _ photographically in March 1930. A
25、. discovered B. was discovered 11 C. by discovery D. when discovered 20. To get a better view of the stage, _. A. our seats had to be changed B. our seats were changed C. we had to change our seats D. our seats were changed by us 22. After synthetic_, engineers had a better choice of material. A. cr
26、eated B. has created C. has been created D. had been created 23. I think much attention _your pronunciation. A. must be paid to B. ought to be paid to C. must pay to D. should be paid to 24. Since 1970, millions of enthusiasts _Vitamin C, which they believe can remedy the common cold. A. have taken
27、B. have been taken C. have been taking D. have been taking 25. I dont remember _the chance to try this method. A. having been given B. to have been given C. having given D. to have given 26. We could ask someone to do the work privately without 12 it_. A. know B. be known C. being known D. to be kno
28、wn 27. The construction of the laboratory _by the end of next month. A. must be completed B. must have been completed C. will be completing D. will have been completing 28. They would tell how the African _on a ship to an American port. A. was brought B. could have been brought C. had been brought D
29、. was to be brought 29. He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses _to Peter. A. is belonged to B. belonged C. belongs D. is belonging 30. Negotiation _again with Moscow tomorrow, a great event will be discussed then. A. is to be opened B. is on the point of opening 13 C. is going to open D. op
30、ens 31. The reason for all the changes being made _to us yet. A. has not explained B. has not been explained C. did not explained D. were not explained 株洲市新时代补习学校 尽心竭力办教育，科学方法育桃李 32. Experiments in the photography of moving objects _in both the United States and Europe well before 1900. A. were cond
31、ucting B. were conducted C. had been conducted D. had conducted 33. When he turned the corner, he found himself _by a man in black. A. tailed B. been tailed C. was tailed D. had been tailed 34. A candidate for the democratic presidential nomination _at this moment. A. is interviewing B. being interv
32、iewed C. is being interviewed D. interviewing 14 35. As we approached the work site, the workers were seen _the new house. A. building B. build C. built D. to build 36. As we know, all the regulations in school _. A. must keep to B. must be kept C. must keep D. must be kept up 37. The composition _a
33、ny more. A. need not to be corrected B. doesnt need to be corrected C. doesnt need be corrected D. need not correct 【高考模拟】 1. The church tower which _ will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored 2. Every year a
34、 flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns. A. promised B. were promised C. have 15 promised D. have been promised 3. This coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve last year. A. was named B. named C. is named D. names 4. The living room is
35、clean and tidy, with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked. (3) 扇形的面积公式:扇形的面积 (R表示圆的半径, n表示弧所对的圆心角的度数)A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid 应用题5. Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo. A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiti
36、ng C. are being exhibited D. is being exhibited 集合性定义：圆是平面内到定点距离等于定长的点的集合。其中定点叫做圆心，定长叫做圆的半径，圆心定圆的位置，半径定圆的大小，圆心和半径确定的圆叫做定圆。6. In many peoples opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant_ . 125.145.20加与减（三）4 P68-74A. to deal with B. dealing with C. to be dealt with D. dealt with 7. The di
37、scovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _. (3)三角形的外心的性质:三角形外心到三顶点的距离相等.A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made 16 3、思想教育，转化观念端正学习态度。8. Linda make sure the table _before the guests arrive. A. be set B. set C. are set D. are setting 9. In the spoken English
38、of some areas in the US, the A. are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped 10. Last nights TV news said that by then the death 高中英语语法-被动语态of the missing people _(未证实)yet. A、当a0时A. had not been proved B. have not been proved C. has not been proved D. proved 百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网4.垂径定理：垂直于弦的直径平分这条弦，并且平分弦所对的两条弧。,您的在线图书馆 (二)知识与技能：17