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1、复习环节之简单句与复合句教学目标：1. 复习并掌握简单句2. 复习并掌握复合句教学重难点：1. 简单句的句型结构及应用2. 复合句的意义及分类3. 复合句的构成及应用教学用具：教本及复习材料教学步骤：一领学生复习课本内容，讲解简单句与复合句根据语法形式，即句子的结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。1简单句句型：主语+谓语只包含一个主谓结构，而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示They are playing baseball in the garden.他们正在公园里打棒球。Her brother and sister both are teachers.她的哥哥和姐姐都是老师。2
2、复合句句型：主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句(包含一个主句、一个或一个以上的从句，或只包含一个从句，但有两个或两个以上的主句的句子叫复合句。)复合句( The Complex Sentence )：句子中有一个或一个以上的从句，叫做复合句。复合句可分为：1) . 定语从句(The Attributive Clause )；2) . 状语从句(The Adverbial Clause )；3) . 名词性从句(The Noun Clause )：一、 定语从句? 定语从句的定义定语从句在句子中作定语，用来修饰一个名词、名词词组或者代词。? 先行词和引导词被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫做先行词
3、；在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做引导词。引导词分为“关系代词”和“关系副词”。? 关系代词和关系副词关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as 。关系副词有：when, where, why 。 注意：关系副词里面没有how。如果要修饰方式，用that 或 in which 引导，或者不用引导词。I don t like the way (that, in which) he eyed me.我不喜欢他看我的那个样子。? 关系代词：who关系动词who在从句中主要作主语，在非正式语体里who还可以作从句中的宾语He is the man who w
4、ants to see you.He is the man who I saw in the park yesterday.? 关系代词：whomHe is the man ( whom) I saw in the park yesterday.(whomfc从句中作宾语)? 关系代词：whosewhose用来指人或物，（只能用作定语,若指物，它还可以同of which互换）They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.Please pass me the book whose cover is green. （ of w
5、hich the cover/the cover of which ）? 关系代词：which（ 1）which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时在非正式语体中可以省略。They needed a plant which didnt need as much water as rice.The farm （which） we visited yesterday is located in the suburb of Beijing.? 关系代词：which（ 2）当在 which 和 that 面前进行选择的情况下，一下情况要选which：1. 在非限制性定语从句中通常用which 作引导词
6、，而不能用that 做非限制性定语从句的引导词。2. 修饰整个主句。I never met Julia again after that, which was a pity.3. 修饰谓语部分。He can swim in the river, which I cannot.4. 介词 + whichThey are all questions to which there are no answers.? 关系代词：that （ 1）that 多用来指物，有时也可以用来指人；在从句中作主语或宾语。指物的时候多用that ，也可用whichIt s a question that （which
7、） needs careful consideration.（指物，作主语。）Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree?（指人，作主语。）s sister.The girl （that） we saw yesterday is Tom（指人，作宾语，可省略。）? 关系代词：that ( 2)在以下的情况中，只能用that 作引导词，而不能用which 作引导词。1. 先行词为all , everything, anything, nothing, little等不定代词时。All (that) she lacked was
8、 training.2. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时This is the best film that I have ever seen.3. 先行词被序数词和the last 修饰时4. 先行词中既有人又有物时They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.5. 主句是含有who或which的特殊疑问旬，为了避免重复时二、 状语从句1 地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。Where I live there are plenty of trees.Wherever I
9、am I will be thinking of you.2 方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由 as, (ju st) as - so- -, as if, as though 引导。1 as, (just) as台。引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as台。结构中位于旬首，这时 as从何带有比喻的含义，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文体.2 ) as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作仿佛似的，好像似的，例如：3 原因状语从句because, since
10、, as 和 for1 )because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答 why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用 as 或 since 。2 )由 because 引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for 来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for 。4 目的状语从句表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, in case等词引导，例如：5 结果状语从句结果状语从何常由sothat或such- that引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so和such与其后的词的搭配规律。比较： so 和 su
11、ch其规律由so 与 such 的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little 连用，形成固定搭配。6 条件状语从句连接词主要有if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that等。 .if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。unless = if not.7 让步状语从句though, although注意： 当有though, although 时，后面的从何不能有 but，但是though
12、 和yet可连用3) ever if, even though. 即使4) whether or- 不管都5) no matter + 疑问词 或 疑问词+后缀ever替换： no matter what = whateverno matter who = whoeverno matter when = wheneverno matter where = whereverno matter which = whicheverno matter how = however注意： no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。8 比较 while, when, as1） as, when 引导短
13、暂性动作的动词。Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while 。When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3从何表示随时间推移连词能用as,不用when或while。As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。9 比较 until 和 till此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是
14、做某事直至某时 ，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是 直至某时才做某事 。 动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。 正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。肯定句：I slept until midnight.我一直睡到半夜时醒了。Wait till I call you.等着我叫你。（在肯定句中可用before 代替 Lets get in the wheat before the sun sets.）否定句：She didnt arrive until 6 oclock.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.1)Un
15、til 可用于句首，而till 通常不用于句首。Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。2)Until when 疑问句中，until 要放在句首。-Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候？- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。Not until在旬首，主句用倒装。Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat
16、 is.直到 19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。(2) It is not until that 10表示一就”的结构hardly/scarcely when/before, no soonerthan 和 as soon as 者B可以表示一就”的意思，例:I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.I had no sooner got hom
17、e than it began to rain.As soon as I got home, it began to rain.注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或 no sooner 置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.三、 名词性从句1) . 宾语从句(The Object Clause )；? 宾语从句 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。宾
18、语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，作短语动词的宾语，介词的宾语。? 宾语从句：及物动词Everybody knows that money doesnt grow on trees.? 宾语从句：短语动词Please go and find out when the train will arrive.? 宾语从句：介词的宾语I am interested in what she is doing.? 宾语从句：否定的转移I dont suppose youre used to this diet.我想你不习惯这种饮食。I dont believe shell arrive before 8.我相信她 8 点之前不会到。