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1、Chapter 1 Crystal structure of metalsCrystal stnicture晶体结构Lattice constants点阵常数Crystalline materials晶体材料Lattice vectors点阵适量Noncryrstalline materials非晶材料crystal晶体Amorphous materials非晶材料Bravais lattice布拉非点阵Corrosion resistance耐腐蚀Crystal system晶系electron电子Alpha, beta, gammaa. P.Yatom原子cubic立方nucleus原子核
2、tetragonal四方electronegativity电负性orthorhombic正交electronpositivity电正性hexagonal六方equilibrium平衡Rhombonhedral / trigonal菱而体repulsion排斥Monoclinic单斜attraction吸引Triclinic三斜potential势能Simple cubic简单立方Ionic bonding离子键Body centered cubic体心立方Covalent bonding共价键Unit cell晶胞Metallic bonding金属键Lattice parameters点阵矢
3、量molecule分子Face centered cubic面心立方semiconductor半导体Coordination number配位原子数Single crystal单晶Hexagonal packing六方堆垛Anisotropic各向异性Allotropic transformation同素异位转变isotopic各向同性Miller indices密勒指数Polycrystalline多品crystallographic晶体学的Imperfection缺陷Crystallographic direction晶向Point defect点缺陷Crystallographic pl
4、ane晶而Line defect线缺陷projection投影planar defect, surface defect而缺陷Planar miller index/indices面指数dislocation位错Diagonal对角的vacancy空位Peipendicular垂直的interstitial间隙的Family of directions晶向族substitutional替换的，置换的Family of planes晶而族Grain boundary晶界Lattice point阵点Stacking faults堆垛层错metallography金相学Anti-phase反相To
5、ughness韧性Twin boundary挛晶界Stiffness刚性Edge dislocation刃位错ductility延展性，可锻性Screw dislocation螺位错strengthen强度Mixed dislocation混合位错Compact压制sintering烧结Edge棱边translation平移Packing factor堆垛密度C2 Solidification of metalsSolidify, solidification凝固nuclei核，核心Free energy自有能Kinetic energy动能bronze青铜Brass黄铜Surface fre
6、e energy表而自由能nucleation形核Critical临界的undercooling过冷Homogeneous nucleation均匀形核Heterogeneous nucleation非均匀形核impurity杂质Interface界而diffusion扩散Latent heat潜热Cooling冷却growth生长Dendritic growth（树）枝晶生长Cast, casting铸造，铸件Chill zone激冷区Column zone柱状区Equiaxed zone等轴区shrinkage收缩Gas porosity气孔Interdendritic shrinkage
7、枝晶间收缩Favorable orientation择优取向Fine grain细晶Galvanized sheet steel（电）镀锌钢板Preferred growth择优生长Planar growth平而生长supercooling过冷superheating过热Embryo晶胚Chapter 3 Plastic deformation and recrrstallizePlastic deformation塑性变形Recrystallize, recrystallization再结晶load载荷strain应变stress应力Elastic deformation弹性变形Tensil
8、e properties拉伸性能Yielding, yielding point屈服，屈服点Low carbon steel低碳钢Shear剪切torsion扭折Parallel to平行于Slip, slip plane, slip system, slip direction滑移，滑移而，滑移系，滑移方向The closet-packed direction/plane密排方向/而twinning挛晶Slip line, slip band滑移线Polycrystalline materials多晶材料Single crystal单晶coherency共格Grain orientation
9、晶粒取向Dislocation movement/motion位错移动Cold working冷加工Warm working中温加工Hot working热加工recovery回复Grain growth晶粒长大hardness硬度indentation压痕indenter压头Sphere, cone, pyramid球形，圆锥形，四棱锥nondestructive非破坏性的Brinell hardness布氏硬度Vickers microhardness维氏显微硬度Rockwell hardness洛氏硬度Knoop hardness努氏硬度forging锻造Open-die, closed
10、-die forging开口模，闭合模extrusion挤出Chapter 4 Phase diagram and microstnicturePhase diagram相图precipitation析出microstructure微观结构,z组织Lamellar growth层状生长Solid-solution strengthening固溶强化photomicrograph显微照片Dispersion strengthening弥散强化Microconstituent显微组织成分Brass黄铜Hypoeutectic亚共晶Equilibrium phase diagram平衡相图Hyper
11、eutectic过共晶constitution成分Peritectic transformation包晶转变component组元Temary phase diagram三元相图Solvent atom溶剂原子Solute atom溶质原子concentration浓度Solid solution固溶Binary alloy1-/L pi jfcisomorphous同形的，同质的Mole percent摩尔百分比solubility溶解度，固溶度Liquidus temperature, line液相温度,液相线Solidus temperature, line固相温度，固相线Isother
12、m line等温线Solvus line溶解度曲线Phase rule相律freedom自由度Lever nile杠杆定律Eutectic共晶的eutectoid共析的Immiscible, unmixable互不溶的Tie line两平衡相成分点 间连线Equilibrium solidification平衡凝固Nonequilibrium solidification非平衡凝固Intermetallic compound中间金属化合物Stoichiometric化学计量比的nonstoichiometric非化学计量比的Ordered crystal structure有序晶体结构Chap
13、ter 5 Iron-Carbon alloy systemcomponent组元steel钢solvent溶剂solute溶质solubility溶解度Dissolved溶解于，溶于Soluble可溶解的Proportion比例Flake片状transformation相变，转变Ferrite铁素体Interstitial solid solution间隙固溶体carbide碳化物Polymorphic transformation多型性转变Austenite奥氏体magnetic磁性的Cementite, iron carbide渗碳体orthorhombic正交的Metastable p
14、hase亚稳相decompose分解substitution替换，置换Pearlite珠光体Eutectoid共析的Eutectic共晶的Hypoeutectoid steel亚共析钢Eutectoid steel共析钢Hypereutectoid steel过共析钢Proeutectoid先共析体Layered structure层状组织Plain carbon steel碳素钢Wrought iron, pure iron纯铁Carbon content碳含量Cast iron铸铁Low carbon steel低碳钢Medium carbon steel中碳钢High carbon st
15、eel高碳钢Ferrous alloys铁基合金Stainless steel不锈钢Chapter 6 Heat treatmentHeat treatment热处理Annealing退火Bainite贝氏体Martensite马氏体Precipitation hardening析出强化Surface hardening表而强化Normalizing正火Quenching淬火Tempering回火Isothermal transformation diagram. TTT等温转变Continuous cooling diagram, CCT连续转变Diffusive transformatio
16、n扩散型相变Non-diffusive transformation非扩散型相变Lattice distortion点阵畸变Tetragonal四方的Coolant冷却剂hardenability淬透性Retained austenite残留奥氏体Lath martensite板条马氏体Plate martensite片状马氏体Unit cell晶胞Crystallographic relationship晶体学关系，晶体学取向Matrix materials基体材料Habit plane惯习而Expansion膨胀Quench crack淬火裂纹Residual stress残留应力Aust
17、enitizing奥氏体化Austempering奥氏体等温淬火Process anneal加工退火Stress relief anneal去应力退火Composition homogenization anneal均匀化退火Solution treatment固溶处理Spheroidisation球化处理Air-cool空冷Ageing时效Over-saturated solid solution过饱和固溶体Carburizing渗碳Pack carburizing装箱渗碳Gas carburizing气体渗碳Liquid carburizing液体渗碳Wear-resistant耐磨Nitriding氮化，渗氮Cyaniding银化Carbonitriding碳氮共渗Case hardening表面硬化，表而硬化Chroming镀铭Boronizing硼化处理Heat treatment furnace热处理炉Localized heating局部加热Induction hardening process感应加热处理