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1、*AUSTRALIA国名Australia officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands . It is the worldssixth-largest country by totalarea .国旗The flag of Australia is a defaced Blue Ensign: a blue fiel
2、d with the Union Jack in thecanton (upper hoist quarter), and a large white seven-pointed starknown as theCommonwealth Star in the lower hoist quarter. Thefly contains arepresentation of the Southern Cross constellation, made up of five white stars -one small five-pointed star and four, larger, seve
3、n-pointed stars.The Australian flag uses three prominent symbols: the Union Flag, the Commonwealth Star and the Southern Cross.Under the Flags Act, the Australian National Flag must meet the following specifications:a. the Union Flag occupying the upper quarter next thestaff15 ;b. a large seven-poin
4、ted white star (six representing the six states ofSt GeorgesAustralia and one representing the territories) in the centre of the lower quarter next the pye and pointing direct to the centre ofCross in the Union Flag; 15c. 5 white stars (representing the Southern Cross) in the half of the flagfurther
5、 from the staff.151515The location of the stars is as follows:Commonwealth Star - 7 pointed star, centred in lower hoist.Alpha Crucis 7 pointed star, straight below centre fly 1/6 up from bottom一,一【15】 edge.Beta Crucis - 7 pointed star, 1/4 of theway left and 1/16 up from the centre15 fly.Gamma Cruc
6、is 7 pointed star, straight above centre fly 1/6 down from topedge.Delta Crucis - 7 pointed star, 2/9 of the way right and 31/240 up from thecentre fly. Epsilon Cruci s 5 pointed star, 1/10 of the way right and 1/24down from the centre fly coat of arms was granted by King Edward VII on 7 May 1908, a
7、nd the current version was granted by King George V on 19 September 1912, although the 1908 version continued to be used in some contexts, notably appearing on the sixpenny coin until 1966.The coat of arms of Australiais the official symbol ofAustralia . The initialStateBadgeDescription0the cross of
8、 St. Georgewith lionNew South Wales- 丁and starsVictoria an Imperial Crown andSouthern CrossWales, Victoria and Queensland. In the bottom half, from left to right:SouthAustralia , Western Australia , and Tasmania. Above the shield is the seven-pointed Commonwealth Star or Star of Federation above a b
9、lue and gold wreath, forming the crest . Six of the points on the star represent the original six states, while the seventh point represents the combined territories and any future states of Australia. In its entirety the shield represents thefederation ofAustralia .The Red Kangaroo and Emu that sup
10、port the shield are the unofficial animal emblems of the nation. They owe this recognition to the fact that they are native Australian fauna (found only on that continent), and likely chosen because they are the most well-known native Australian animals large enough to be positioned together in scal
11、e holding up the shield. It is often claimed these animals were chosenbecause neither animal can move backward, only forward - i.e. progress. In reality both animals can move backwards, but infrequently do. In the background is wreathof Golden Wattle , the official national floral emblem , though th
12、e representation of the species is not botanically accurate.且 At the bottom of the coat of armsis a scroll that contains the name of the nation. Neither the wreath of wattle northe scroll are technically part of the official design described on the Royal Warrant that grants the armorial design.国歌Adv
13、ance Australia Fair is the official national anthem of Australia . Created by the Scottish-born composer Peter Dodds McCormick, the song was first performed in 1878, and was sung in Australia as a patriotic song. It did not gain its statusas the official anthem until 1984, following aplebiscite to c
14、hoose the nationalsong in 1977 . Other songs and marches have been influenced by Advance AustraliaFair, such as the Australian vice-regal salute.首都Canberra is the capital city of Australia . With a population of 381,488, it isAustralias largest inland city and theeighth-largest city overall .Cuisine
15、The food of Indigenous Australians was largely influenced by the area in whichthey lived. Most tribal groups subsisted on a simplehunter-gathererthe SundaySince thediet , hunting native game and fish and collecting native plants and fruit. The general term for native Australian flora and fauna used
16、as a source of food is bush tucker .361362 The first settlers introduced British food to the363364continent, and much of that is now considered typical Australian food;roast has become an enduring tradition for many Australians.beginning of the 20th century, food in Australia has increasingly been i
17、nfluencedby immigrants to the nation, particularly fromSouthern European and Asian cultures .363364 Australian wine is produced in 60 distinct production areas totalling approximately 160,000 hectares, mainly in the southern, cooler parts of the country. The wine regions in each of these states prod
18、uce different wine varieties and styles that take advantage of local climates and soil types. The predominant varieties are Shiraz , CabernetSauvignon , Chardonnay, Merlot , Se millon, Pinot noir , RieslingandSauvignon,365366367233368369blanc .In 1995, an Australian red wine,Penfolds370Grange, won t
19、he Wine Spectator award for Wine of the Year, the first time a wine from outside France or California achieved this distinction.Although most of Australia is semi-arid or desert, it includes a diverse range of habitats from alpineheaths to tropical rainforests , and is recognised asamegadiverse coun
20、try . The fungi typify that diversity; the total number that occur in Australia, including those not yet discovered, has been estimated at around250,000 species, of which roughly 5% have been described.也 Because of thecontinents great age, extremely variable weather patterns, and long-term geographi
21、c isolation, much of Australiasbiota is unique and diverse.Approximately 85%of flowering plants,84%of mammals, more than 45%of birds , and89% of in-shore, temperate-zone fish areendemic.迹 Australia has the greatestnumber of reptiles of any country, with 755 species.Among well-known Australian animals are the monotremes; a host of marsupials , including thekangaroo , koala , and wombat, and birds such as the emu andthe kookaburra .I180L Australia is home to many dangerous animalsincludingsomeof the most venomous snakes in the world.