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1、2013江苏南京中考化学试题及答案2013江苏南京中考化学试题 注意事项: 1(本试卷1至4页为选择题，共25分，5至8页为非选择题，共55分。全卷满分80分，考试时间为100分钟。考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效。 2(请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人的相符合，再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。 3(答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效。 可能用到的相对原子质量: H
2、-1 C-12 N-14 0-16 S-32 C1- 35.5 一、单项选择题(本题共15小题，每小题只有一个选项符合题意。每小题1分，共15分) 1(下列变化中，发生了化学变化的是 A(酒精挥发 B(石蜡熔化 C(水的电解 D(干冰升华 2(下列物质能在空气中燃烧，且产生大量白烟的是 A(木炭 B(甲烷 C(硫粉 D(红磷 3(氦气中氦元素的化合价为 A( +1 B(0 C(-2 D(-1 4(下列图示实验操作中，正确的是 5(下列物质由原子构成的是 A(蒸馏水 B(氯化钠 C(金刚石 D( C 606(下列物质不是人体所需营养素的是 A(水 B(油脂 C(铅 D(维生素 7(下列物质加入一
3、定量的水中，能使液体温度明显降低的是 A(硝酸铵 B(氢氧化钠 C(生石灰 D(氯化钠 8(下列化肥中，属于钾肥的是 A(硝酸钠 B(氯化钾 C(碳酸氢铵 D(磷酸二氢铵 9(下列是人体几种体液的正常pH范围，其中呈酸性的是 A(胰液7.5,8.0 B(胆汁7.1 ,7.3 C(血浆7.35,7.45 D(胃液0.9 ,1.5 10(用化学知识解释成语“火上浇油”的说法中合理的是 A(增加可燃物，可以使燃烧更旺 B(增大氧气的密度，可以使燃烧更旺 C(清除可燃物，达到灭火的目的 D(降低可燃物的着火点，达到灭火的目的 11(2013年“世界水日”的宣传主题是“水合作”。下列有关水的说法中不正确
4、的是 A.水是一种最常用的溶剂 B(鉴别软水和硬水可以用肥皂水 C(农药、化肥的不合理施用，会造成水体污染 D(自然界中的水经过沉淀、过滤、吸附后即可得到纯水 12在元素周期表中汞元素的某些信息如图所示，下列有关汞的说法正确的是 A(元素符号为Hg B(属于非金属元素 C(原子核内中子数为80 D(相对原子质量是200.6g 13. 2014年南京青奥会吉祥物“砳砳”如图所示。有一种“砳砳”的外用材料是纯 羊毛线，内充物为涤纶。下列说法中不正确的是 A(羊毛属于天然纤维 B(涤纶属于天然纤维 C(羊毛主要成分为蛋白质 D(燃烧方法来区分羊毛和涤纶 implementation model. P
5、ay special attention to prevent floating style, do something superficial, cosmetic, overcome the love of work, short of a name, one of the benefits of bad ideas. To strengthen the sense of dedication. Office in the work of the Government nerve centre, task, and burden, busy with work, hard, tough an
6、d sometimes thankless. Come into the Office the door, will not name, not for profit, unsung hero willing; to stand up to all kinds of misunderstandings, disappointments and setbacks, inclusive of ups and downs; any hard labor, difficult, pick is hard to pick of Dan the spirit of love and dedication,
7、 and hard work. Second, capacity-building, top-notch performance. Office of theWork lies in the people. Government offices at all levels must follow the 16 session of the plenum on strengthening the ruling ability construction of the party in order to improve the professional quality as the core, to
8、 strengthen capacity-building, picked up a pen to write, pen said, when anything can be done. To enhance the research capacity. Neither leaders nor the General staff, will continue to face the masses, face reality and society, doing the research work. Conditions permitting, are often grassroots, ins
9、titutionalized, and perseverance. Investigation depth must not be superficial, also must have the breadth must not be biased. Through research, formed a quality, thoughtful, valuable research reports, improving the ability to analyze and solve practicaltheory and business knowledge of learning as a
10、awareness, and a responsibility, both learn science theory and Office business knowledge, and learn modern skills and something work skills; both to books learn, to practice learn, and to led learn, and to colleagues learn, formed strong of learning atmosphere, race Dang learning type cadres, strivi
11、ng for learning type organ. To strengthen the sense of innovation. We are in an era of constantly changing, to analyze new situations with old thinking, old solutions to new problems with old routines to catch new works, often less effective. Must continue to emancipate the mind, advancing with the
12、times, overcome the bad habits of inert, rigid, to the spirit of reform and innovation pay special attention to the work of the Office of the Government. Innovative thinking, work areas, carriers and methods of work, Office work and constantly create new characteristics, new breakthroughs, new perfo
13、rmance, reached a new level. To strengthen the consciousness of struggle is the leading. Encourage and guide Agency staff seeking upward mobility, as the awareness and enhance the momentum of the race, the first class, tell people striving to be, ignore the big picture of the partys lead; to become
14、exemplary study, discipline; struggle is the moral integrity, fair on the example; striving to be about hard work 14(下列各组离子在水中一定能大量共存的是 +2+-2- A( Na、H、HC0 B(Na、Ca、CO C(K、N0、H D(H、CI、OH 33315(在密闭容器中有甲、乙、丙、丁四种物质，在一定条件下充分反应，测得反应前后各物质的质量分数如下图所示: 下列说法正确的是 A(丙可能是单质 B(在该反应中丁一定没有参加化学反应 C(该反应是化合反应 D(甲和乙的质量之和
15、一定等于生成丙的质量 二、选择题(本题共5小题，每小题有一个或二个选项符合题意。错选、多选不给分。有二个答案的，只(选一个且正确，给1分。每小题2分，共10分) (16(下列叙述正确的是 A(将生锈的菜刀浸泡在食盐水中，可除去其表面的铁锈 B(通过相互刻画的方法，发现铜片的硬度比黄铜片大 C(淬火后的缝衣钢针不能弯曲 D(用食醋可除去热水壶内壁的水垢 17(据报道，“毒淀粉”是在淀粉中添加了对人体有害的马来酸(CH0)。马来酸是无色晶体，能溶于水。444下列关于马来酸的说法中正确的是 A(马来酸属于氧化物 B(马来酸由三种元素组成 C(马来酸中碳元素的质量分数最大 D(5%的马来酸溶液中氧元素
16、的质量分数为2.76% 18(甲、乙两种不含结晶水的固体物质的溶解度曲线如图，下列说法中不正确的是 A(t?时，50g甲的饱和溶液中溶解了10g的甲 1B(将t?甲、乙两种物质的饱和溶液升温至t?(溶剂的量不变)，两种 23溶液中溶质的质量分数相等 C(t?时，要使接近饱和的乙溶液达到饱和状态，可采用蒸发溶剂的方法 2D(分别将t?甲、乙两种物质的溶液降温至t?，一定都有晶体析出 2119(除去下列物质中混有的少量杂质(括号内为杂质)，所用方法正确的是 A(CaCO固体(Ca0固体)高温煅烧 3B(N气体(O气体)通过灼热的铜网 22C(CO气体(CO气体)依次通入浓硫酸和足量的氢氧化钠溶液
17、2D(KCl溶液(CaC1溶液)滴加碳酸钠溶液至恰好完全反应，过滤 220.下表所列各组物质中，物质之间按箭头方向通过一步反应就能实现如图所示转化的是 三、(本题包括2小题，共13分) implementation model. Pay special attention to prevent floating style, do something superficial, cosmetic, overcome the love of work, short of a name, one of the benefits of bad ideas. To strengthen the sens
18、e of dedication. Office in the work of the Government nerve centre, task, and burden, busy with work, hard, tough and sometimes thankless. Come into the Office the door, will not name, not for profit, unsung hero willing; to stand up to all kinds of misunderstandings, disappointments and setbacks, i
19、nclusive of ups and downs; any hard labor, difficult, pick is hard to pick of Dan the spirit of love and dedication, and hard work. Second, capacity-building, top-notch performance. Office of theWork lies in the people. Government offices at all levels must follow the 16 session of the plenum on str
20、engthening the ruling ability construction of the party in order to improve the professional quality as the core, to strengthen capacity-building, picked up a pen to write, pen said, when anything can be done. To enhance the research capacity. Neither leaders nor the General staff, will continue to
21、face the masses, face reality and society, doing the research work. Conditions permitting, are often grassroots, institutionalized, and perseverance. Investigation depth must not be superficial, also must have the breadth must not be biased. Through research, formed a quality, thoughtful, valuable r
22、esearch reports, improving the ability to analyze and solve practicaltheory and business knowledge of learning as a awareness, and a responsibility, both learn science theory and Office business knowledge, and learn modern skills and something work skills; both to books learn, to practice learn, and
23、 to led learn, and to colleagues learn, formed strong of learning atmosphere, race Dang learning type cadres, striving for learning type organ. To strengthen the sense of innovation. We are in an era of constantly changing, to analyze new situations with old thinking, old solutions to new problems w
24、ith old routines to catch new works, often less effective. Must continue to emancipate the mind, advancing with the times, overcome the bad habits of inert, rigid, to the spirit of reform and innovation pay special attention to the work of the Office of the Government. Innovative thinking, work area
25、s, carriers and methods of work, Office work and constantly create new characteristics, new breakthroughs, new performance, reached a new level. To strengthen the consciousness of struggle is the leading. Encourage and guide Agency staff seeking upward mobility, as the awareness and enhance the mome
26、ntum of the race, the first class, tell people striving to be, ignore the big picture of the partys lead; to become exemplary study, discipline; struggle is the moral integrity, fair on the example; striving to be about hard work 未央化学教育网(百度一下，你就知道) 2013江苏南京中考化学试题 21.(10分)请根据下列装置图，回答有关问题: (1)写出装置图中标号
27、仪器的名称:a ，b 。 (2)写出实验室用高锰酸钾制取氧气的化学方程式 , 可选用的发生装置是 (填字母)。 (3)写出实验室用锌粒与稀硫酸制取氢气的化学方程式 ，可选用的收集装置是 (填字母)。 3(4)若要配制245g质量分数为10%的稀硫酸，需要质量分数为98%的浓硫酸(密度为1.84 g/cm) mL(计算结果保留一位小数)，由浓溶液配制稀溶液时，计算的依据是 。在实验室用浓硫酸配制稀硫酸的主要步骤有: 计算、 、混匀、冷却至室温装瓶并贴上标签。 22(3分)铁是应用最广泛的金属。 (1)写出铁丝在氧气中燃烧的化学方程式 (2)新型材料纳米级Fe粉能用作高效催化剂。实验室采用还原法制
28、备纳米级Fe粉，其流程如下图所示: ?纳米级Fe粉在空气中易自燃。实验中通人N2的目的是 。 ?写出?中H还原FeCl,置换出铁的化学方程式 。 22四、(本题包括2小题，共15分) 23(8分)现有八种物质，选择相应物质的字母填空: A(活性炭 B(酒精 C(熟石灰 D(聚乙烯塑料 E(钛合金 F(石墨 G(小苏打 H. -氧化碳 (1) 可用于制食品包装袋 (2) 可用于制铅笔芯 (3) 可用于制造人造骨 (4) 可用于改良酸性土壤 (5) 可用于吸附冰箱内的异味 (6) 是有毒气体 (7) 是发酵粉的主要成分之一 (8) 是实验室最常用的燃料 24.(7分)2013年6月5日是“世界环境
29、日”，中国主题为“同呼吸共奋斗”。 (1)化石燃料是不可再生能源，包括煤、 和天然气等。 (2)下列不属于空气污染物的是 。 A(二氧化氮 B(二氧化硫 C(PM2.5 D(氮气 (3)二氧化碳是一种温室气体。某化学兴趣小组利用如下图所示装置对二氧化碳的性质进行验证: 当打开K，反应一段时间后: ?D烧杯中 (填“上层”或“下层”)的蜡烛先熄灭，说明二氧化碳具有的物理性质是 ，具有的化学性质是 。 ?B处紫色石蕊溶液变成红色，C处澄清石灰水变浑浊。B处使紫色石蕊溶液变红的物 质是 ;写出C处发生变化的化学方程式 .。 五、(本题包括3小题，共16分) implementation model.
30、 第 3 页 共Pay special attention to prevent floating style, do something superficial, cosmetic, overcome the love of work, short of a name 7 页 , one of the benefits of bad ideas. To strengthen the sense of dedication. Office in the work of the Government nerve centre, task, and burden, busy with work,
31、hard, tough and sometimes thankless. Come into the Office the door, will not name, not for profit, unsung hero willing; to stand up to all kinds of misunderstandings, disappointments and setbacks, inclusive of ups and downs; any hard labor, difficult, pick is hard to pick of Dan the spirit of love a
32、nd dedication, and hard work. Second, capacity-building, top-notch performance. Office of theWork lies in the people. Government offices at all levels must follow the 16 session of the plenum on strengthening the ruling ability construction of the party in order to improve the professional quality a
33、s the core, to strengthen capacity-building, picked up a pen to write, pen said, when anything can be done. To enhance the research capacity. Neither leaders nor the General staff, will continue to face the masses, face reality and society, doing the research work. Conditions permitting, are often g
34、rassroots, institutionalized, and perseverance. Investigation depth must not be superficial, also must have the breadth must not be biased. Through research, formed a quality, thoughtful, valuable research reports, improving the ability to analyze and solve practicaltheory and business knowledge of
35、learning as a awareness, and a responsibility, both learn science theory and Office business knowledge, and learn modern skills and something work skills; both to books learn, to practice learn, and to led learn, and to colleagues learn, formed strong of learning atmosphere, race Dang learning type
36、cadres, striving for learning type organ. To strengthen the sense of innovation. We are in an era of constantly changing, to analyze new situations with old thinking, old solutions to new problems with old routines to catch new works, often less effective. Must continue to emancipate the mind, advan
37、cing with the times, overcome the bad habits of inert, rigid, to the spirit of reform and innovation pay special attention to the work of the Office of the Government. Innovative thinking, work areas, carriers and methods of work, Office work and constantly create new characteristics, new breakthrou
38、ghs, new performance, reached a new level. To strengthen the consciousness of struggle is the leading. Encourage and guide Agency staff seeking upward mobility, as the awareness and enhance the momentum of the race, the first class, tell people striving to be, ignore the big picture of the partys le
39、ad; to become exemplary study, discipline; struggle is the moral integrity, fair on the example; striving to be about hard work25(4分)以天然气为原料合成尿素的主要步骤如下图所示(图中某些转化步骤及生成物未列出) (1)尿素与熟石灰混合研磨 (填“有”或“无”)刺激性气味。 (2)甲烷和水蒸气在高温及催化剂的条件下反应，生成CO和H2，该反应的化学方程式 为 (3)分离出氨后，可循环利用的两种物质是 、 。 26(7分)核电荷数为1,18的元素的原子结构示意图等信息
40、如下，回答下列问题: (1)在第三周期中，各原子结构的共同之处是 ， 该周期中，各原子核外电子排布的变化规律是 ， (2)在第三周期中，元素类型的变化情况是:从左到右由 元素过渡到 元素，并以稀有气体元素结尾。 (3)写出核外电子排布与氖原子相同的阳离子和阴离子符号各一个: 阳离子 ，阴离子 。 (4)写出含有氮元素的常见氧化物、酸、碱、盐的化学式各一个: 物质的类别 化氧物 酸 碱 盐 物质的化学式 27.(5分)下图中的A,I表示几种初中化学常见的物质，其中A、D、I是氧化物，I中两种元素质量之比为3:4;B元素在地壳中的含量位居第三;C由三种元素组成;G为紫红色。图中“ ”表示两端的物质
41、间能发生化学反应;“ ”表示物质间存在转化关系;部分反应物、生成物或反应条件已略去。 (1)写出G的化学式 ;E的化学式 。 (2)写出B A反应的化学方程式 。 (3)反应?、?和?的基本反应类型相同，该基本反应类型是 (4)写出H与D反应的化学方程式 。 六、(本题包括1小题，共11分) implementation model. Pay special attention to prevent floating style, do something superficial, cosmetic, overcome the love of work, short of a name, on
42、e of the benefits of bad ideas. To strengthen the sense of dedication. Office in the work of the Government nerve centre, task, and burden, busy with work, hard, tough and sometimes thankless. Come into the Office the door, will not name, not for profit, unsung hero willing; to stand up to all kinds
43、 of misunderstandings, disappointments and setbacks, inclusive of ups and downs; any hard labor, difficult, pick is hard to pick of Dan the spirit of love and dedication, and hard work. Second, capacity-building, top-notch performance. Office of theWork lies in the people. Government offices at all
44、levels must follow the 16 session of the plenum on strengthening the ruling ability construction of the party in order to improve the professional quality as the core, to strengthen capacity-building, picked up a pen to write, pen said, when anything can be done. To enhance the research capacity. Ne
45、ither leaders nor the General staff, will continue to face the masses, face reality and society, doing the research work. Conditions permitting, are often grassroots, institutionalized, and perseverance. Investigation depth must not be superficial, also must have the breadth must not be biased. Thro
46、ugh research, formed a quality, thoughtful, valuable research reports, improving the ability to analyze and solve practicaltheory and business knowledge of learning as a awareness, and a responsibility, both learn science theory and Office business knowledge, and learn modern skills and something wo
47、rk skills; both to books learn, to practice learn, and to led learn, and to colleagues learn, formed strong of learning atmosphere, race Dang learning type cadres, striving for learning type organ. To strengthen the sense of innovation. We are in an era of constantly changing, to analyze new situati
48、ons with old thinking, old solutions to new problems with old routines to catch new works, often less effective. Must continue to emancipate the mind, advancing with the times, overcome the bad habits of inert, rigid, to the spirit of reform and innovation pay special attention to the work of the Office of the Government. Innovative thinking, work areas, carriers and methods of work, Office work and constantly create new characteristics, new breakthroughs, new performance, reached a new level. To strengthen the consciousness of struggle is the leading. Encoura