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1、8B Unit 8 A green world单元重点知识点总览1.We can reduce air pollution by riding bicycles.我们可以通过骑自行车减少污染。reduce 及物动词，“减少”。如：Giving up smoking reduces the risk of heart disease. 戒烟会减少得心脏病的风险。2.We can save water by taking shorter showers.我们可以通过洗更短的淋雨节省水。save 动词，“节约，节省”，save water “节约用水”。如：Its necessary for us
2、to save water.节约用水对我们来说很有必要。3.My dad used to drive me to school, but now we take the underground.我的爸爸过去常常开车送我去上学，但现在我们乘地铁。（1）used to 表示“过去常常”，后接动词原形构成used to do sth “过去常常做某事”。He used to drink.他过去经常喝酒。（2）be used to doing sth “习惯于做某事”。如：The old man is used to living alone.这位老人习惯于一个人生活。【拓展】be used to 后
3、面也可接动词原形，即be used to do sth，表示“被用于做某事”，是一种被动结构，相当于be used for doing sth。如：The material is used to make a plane. 这材料是用于制造飞机的。5.More and more families own cars and this causes serious air pollution.越来越多的家庭拥有汽车，这导致严重的空气污染。（1）cause使（某事）发生，引起This disease can cause blindness.这种疾病可能会导致眼睛变盲。（2）more and more
4、 越来越At present, more and more people are using computers现在，越来越多的人使用电脑。6.It is beautiful, and we should try to keep it that way. 它很漂亮，我们应尽力使它保持那样。try to do sth “设法做”，表示尽力去做，不管是否成功。【拓展】try doing sth “试一试”，表示试着去做。7.For example , we are not allowed to cut down tree.例如，不允许我们砍树。（1）for example 例如（2）allow动词
5、，意为“允许”，常用于allow sb. to do sth结构，意为“允许某人做某事”。My parents wouldnt allow me to go to the party. 我父母不会让我去参加聚会。8.We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely.我们依靠它（大自然）丰富的资源生活，因此明智地保护它对我们来说是重要的。depend on 依靠，依赖He will depend on their parents for a long time. 他将依靠
6、他的父母太长的时间。语法：一般将来时的被动语态一般将来时的被动语态有两种构成形式：1、will + be done表示“将会被”。其否定式是在will后面加not，疑问句式是将will提至主语前。主动句：Our college will send her to Oxford University.被动句：She will be sent to Oxford University by our college.否定句：She will not be sent to Oxford University by our college.疑问句：-Will she be sent to Oxford U
7、niversity by our college?-Yes, she will. / No, she will not.2. be going to + be done表示“准备被，打算被”。其否定形式是在be going to中的be后加not，疑问句式是将be提至主语前。主动句：They are going to invite you to the party.被动句：You are going to be invited to the party by them.否定句：You are not going to be invited to the party by them.疑问句：-A
8、re you going to be invited to the party by them?-Yes, I am. / No, Im not.单元重点短语归纳1. turn off 关上（开关）2. depend on / upon 依靠，取决于3. make a difference 有影响，起作用4. cut down 砍倒5. run out 用完，耗尽6. in place 在正确位置7. be good for 对有好处8. air pollution 空气污染9. take showers 淋浴10. keep it that way 保持那个样子11. be separate
9、d into 被分成12. throw into 把扔进13. be filled with 充满14. clean up 清扫干净15. in place 在正确的位置句型归纳1. be serious about sth 对某事是认真的2. allow ( doing ) sth 允许（做）某事3. allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事4. punish sb. for (doing) sth 因为（做）某事惩罚某人5. make a difference (to sb./ sth.) （对）有影响，起作用6. do harm to 对有伤害7. do a survey
10、on 座一个关于的调查8. be harmful to 对有害9. not only but (also) 不但而且 8B Unit 8单元测试（A）卷一、 短语翻译（每题1分，共10分）1. 依靠_ 2. 对有益_ 3. 关掉_ 4. 过环保生活_ 5. 减少空气污染 _ 6. 节约用水_ 7. 被分成_ 8. 穷人_ 9. 被允许做某事 _ 10. 砍倒_ 二、 单项选择（每题1分，共15分）( ) 1.（2015江苏南京）Its very important for us to protect nature because we _ its rich resource to live.A
11、. depend onB. leave forC. give upD. lead to( ) 2.（2015江苏淮安）Its getting dark. Please _ the light.A. turn onB. turn offC. turn downD. turn around( ) 3.（2015江苏南通）Hobo, can I eat the hamburger?Sure, if the dishes _.A. washB. are washedC. will washD. will be washed( ) 4.（2015江苏盐城）With the development of
12、modern industry, there will be _ living space for wild animals.A. fewer and fewerB. less and lessC. more and moreD. bigger and bigger( ) 5.（2015天津）The novel _ by many people today.A. is readB. are readC. readsD. were read( ) 6.（2015黑龙江齐齐哈尔）Dont forget to _ the lights before you leave the classroom.A
13、. turn offB. turn downC. turn upD. turn on( ) 7.（2015广东汕尾）The 31st Olympic Games _ in Rio de Janeiro (里约热内卢) of Brazil in 2016.A. is heldB. will holdC. will be heldD. is going to hold( ) 8.（2015湖南永州）Reading in the sun is not good _ your eyes.A. forB. aboutC. withD. around( ) 9.（2014上海）Air pollution
14、has become _ than ever before. We must do something to stop it.A. seriousB. more seriousC. most seriousD. the most serious( ) 10.（2014辽宁沈阳）The office phones are dirty and they _ next week.A. will cleanB. will be cleanedC. are cleaningD. are cleaned( ) 11.（2014天津）When you leave, please turn off the l
15、ight _ energy.A. saveB. savingC. turn downD. turn around( ) 12.（2015广西贵港）Jim wants to hang out with his friends at night, but his parents dont allow him _ so.A. do B. does C. to doD. doing( ) 13.（2015广东）Mum, shall we go to the beach tomorrow?It _ the weather.A. carries onB. lives onC. depends onD. h
16、olds on( ) 14.（2015山东日照）Hey, turn it off, please! We dont _ music in the reading room.Oh, Im sorry, sir. I wont do it again.A. allowB. hearC. enjoyD. like( ) 15.（2014江苏连云港）A persons life is like a road _ lots of difficulties.Yes, so we need positive energy.A. byB. withC. alongD. during三、 完形填空（每题1分，共
17、10分）(2008年福建省福州)Leonardo da Vinci was a great artist. He lived in 1 in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. He painted some of 2 pictures in the world. Mona Lisa is a good example of his works. He 3 painting Mona Lisa in 1503.Da Vinci loved science and 4. He used darkness and light in a clever way
18、 in the painting. And a person can 5 see that there is a lot of geometry(几何学) in Mona Lisa. The face of Mona Lisa is 6 many circles and round shapes like balls. Even her 7 can be seen as a small part of a large circle.The woman in the painting is 8 on a balcony ( 阳台) and mountains can be seen behind
19、 her. Da Vinci loved to study rocks and mountains, 9 we can see these in his other paintings.The woman is sitting with her knees to the side. He hands are held together 10 her. This way of sitting is now used by many artists when they are painting a picture of a man or woman.( ) 1. A. ChinaB. Italy
20、C. JapanD. Canada( ) 2. A. less famousB. more famous C. the least famous D. the most famous( ) 3. A. forgot B. began C. allowedD. remembered( ) 4. A. math B. music C. EnglishD. chemistry( ) 5. A. early B. easily C. safelyD. happily( ) 6. A. used for B. worked outC. put awayD. made of( ) 7. A. cry B.
21、 tearsC. smileD. sadness( ) 8. A. lying B. walkingC. sittingD. reading( ) 9. A. so B. butC. orD. until( ) 10. A. under B. behindC. next toD. in front of四、阅读理解（每题2分，共30分）A（2015江苏盐城）It was another day to jump rope in gym class. Lynn and Mike turned the long rope in big, slow circles. The whole class h
22、urried to get in line to wait for their turn to jump. Millie stood at the back of the line and frowned. Nick went first. He watched the rope and ran in at just the right time. Everyone counted. He made it all the way to 30 jumps. One after another, the kids watched the rope, ran in, and jumped. Then
23、 it was Millies turn. She watched the rope go around and around, but she didnt move. She felt like everyone was looking at her.Millies friends cheered. “Go, Millie, go!” Millies face turned red. At last, she gave it a try, but she failed.The truth was that Millie had been jumping rope at home every
24、day. With a short rope, she could jump 100 times without missing. She just didnt know how to run in and start jumping with a long rope. Since she was the only kid on her street, there was no one to help turn the long rope.Just then, Ms Miles, the gym teacher, brought out a bunch of short jump ropes.
25、Lets see how long each one of you can jump without missing, she said as she gave each student a short rope, Ready, set. Go!Millie smiled for the first time ever in gym class. As she jumped, she sang rhymes quietly to herself.After a while, Millie realized that everyone was cheering, Go, Millie, go!
26、She was the only one still jumping rope! The surprise almost made her miss a step, but she kept going. When at last she was too tired to go on, she stopped. The whole class cheered. Everyone was looking at her and smiling. Millie smiled back!( ) 1. Which word is the opposite of the underlined word f
27、rowned?A. Sat.B. Hid.C. SmiledD. Cried( ) 2. What problem did Millie have at the beginning of the story?A. She didnt have any friends in her class.B. She felt sad because Nick made fun of her.C. She didnt know the cheers that the other kids knew.D. She didnt know how to start jumping with a long rop
28、e.( ) 3. Why did Millie smile for the first time in gym class?A. She did something well at last.B. She knew the class would cheer for her.C. She thought that she was going to make a friend.D. She believed that she would be the winner of the contest.( ) 4. Which sentence can be put in the empty?A. Th
29、e class decided to play baseball.B. Millie was the last one still jumping rope.C. Nick won the rope-jumping contest.D. Millie tried to hide in the back of the line.( ) 5. How might Millie feel when she stopped jumping at last?A. Proud.B. Bored. C. Mad. D. Silly.B（2008黑龙江哈尔滨）As we all know, the ocean
30、 moves. But waves(波浪) breaking on the beach make the ocean fun. When you stand on the shore (海岸) and look at the waves, it seems like the water is rolling (翻滚) in toward you. But the water is not really moving forward. What you see moving is wave energy. And wave energy comes from the wind.Lets thin
31、k about how this works. As wave energy passes through the water, the energy makes particles(粒子) of water move up and down. Just give you an example of a wave passing under a basketball. We put a basketball on the sea. When the wind blows, a wave comes from behind the basketball. The basketball moves
32、 up to the top with the wave. Then the wave continues and leaves the basketball behind. The basketball looks lower, but it doesnt move forward. Thats because the wave energy moves the water that is under the basketball up and down as it passes.So why can you see a wave knock you down on the shore? W
33、hen a wave moves toward the shore, the bottom(底部) of the wave slows down because it meets the ocean floor. But the top, which is called crest, keeps moving. The different action causes the wave to fall over or break onto the shore. If a wave is very large, it carries a lot of energy when it hits the
34、 land. As time goes by, waves can break up and carry away the rocks and other things on the shore. Shorelines are changing all the time because of wave action.( ) 6. _ is really moving forward when you look at the wave.A. WaterB. The basketball C. Water and wave energy D. Wave energy( ) 7. Match the
35、 sentences with the pictures and the right answer.(1) The basketball moves up to the top with the wave.(2) The basketball continues and leaves the basketball behind.(3) When the wind blows, a wave comes from behind the basketball.A. a(2) b(1) c(3) B. a(3) b(1) c(2)C. a(1) b(3) c(2) D. a(3) b(2) c(1)
36、( ) 8. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Wave energy comes from the water.B. Large waves carry plenty of energy.C. Wave action makes shorelines change all the time.D. The bottom of the wave is easy to slow down.( ) 9. The underlined word “it” (Paragraph 3) refers to “_”.
37、A. particles of waterB. the shoreC. the windD. the bottom of the wave( ) 10. The main idea of this passage is _.A. what makes particles of water moveB. how a basketball moves on the oceanC. how wave energy causes wave actionD. why a wave can knock you downC（2008黑龙江哈尔滨）Trip to Dragon City根据图示所提供的信息选择
38、最佳答案。( ) 11. Look at the map of Dragon City. This is your first trip there. Youre going to the hotel from Dragon Square. You should go straight along _ to Star Bridge.A. South Street B. East Street C. West Street ( ) 12. If you leave the hotel for the zoo, youd better go there _A. by spaceship B. by
39、 plane C. by ship ( ) 13. The shop is close to _A. Star Bridge B. Water Bridge C. Dragon Bridge( ) 14. You must pass _ from the shop to the theater. Its the shortest way.A. the library and the bookstoreB. the hospital and the bookstoreC. the hospital and the school( ) 15. Which of the following is T
40、RUE according to the map?A. The park is in the middle of the city.B. The museum is between (在之间) the library and the bookstore.C. The school and the church are on the same street.五、任务型阅读（每题1分，共10分）阅读下列短文，根据短文中的信息完成文后的表格（每空一词）One of the most famous scientists to study adaptations (适应) was Charles Dar
41、win. He was born in England in 1809. He wasnt the best student in his school, but when he was 16, his father sent him to a medical school. Charles liked spending time outdoors observingnature more than attending medical classes. He dropped out without graduating.Next, Charless father sent him to sch
42、ool to become a minister (牧师). This time he made it to graduation. But he didnt want to do the work of a minister. His friends encouraged him to follow his interest in science.After graduation, Charles was invited to sail on the Beagle as an unpaid scientist. He wasnt the first choice, but he was th
43、e lucky one to go. The Beagle was to travel to South America and then around the world. The crew s task was to make maps of the places they visited.On December 27th, 1831, Charles Darwin sailed from England on the Beagle. The trip was planned to last two years. In fact, it lasted five. During this t
44、ime, he saw many amazing things. He collected lots of plants and animals and took them back to England to study.Twenty-three years later, Darwin published an important scientific paper with another man named Wallace. Darwin described how some animals have adaptations that help them survive. They are passed on to offspring (后代). Darwins ideas about adaptations are still very important to the study of living things.The titleOne of the most famous1to study adaptationsBe bornIn2in 1809At age 16He was3to a medical school by his father.He4