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1、【三年中考】北京市2012-2014年中考化学分类汇编：有关化学方程式的计算北京市2012-2014年中考化学分类汇编 有关化学方程式的计算 34(3分)(2014北京)利用化学反应2Na+H2NaH收氢气的质量(可实现氢气的2存储，计算230g金属钠最多可吸收多少克的氢气( 解:设可吸收氢气的质量为x， 2Na+H2NaH 246 2 230g x =， x=10g， 答:可吸收氢气的质量为10g 35(3分)(2014北京)某厂烟气中SO的平均含量为0.032g/L，用780g硫化钠(NaS)22溶液恰好能吸收2000L 该厂烟气中的SO，反应的化学方程式为:2+3S?( 2NaS+5SO
2、+2HO?4NaHSO3222求理论上得到NaHSO溶液的质量(假设烟气中其他成分不能被吸收)( 3解:2000L 该厂烟气中的SO的质量:2000L0.032g/L=64g 2设生成 S 的质量为 x， 2NaS+5SO+2HO?4NaHSO+3S? 2223320 96 64g x x=19.2g 溶液质量 64g+780g,19.2g=824.8g( 答:得到 NaHSO 溶液的质量为 824.8g 334(3分)(2013北京)甲醇(CHOH)是基础的化工原料，制备原理为:3CO+2HCHOH(当消耗5.6kgCO时，计算生成甲醇的质量( 23解:设生成的甲醇的质量为x CO+2HCH
3、OH 2328 32 5.6kg x 解得:x=6.4kg 答:生成甲醇的质量是6.4kg steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel
4、 points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and
5、 anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to
6、 increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the
7、decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not . Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should 35(3分)(2013北京)氧化亚铜(CuO)可用于生产船底防污漆，防止海生物对船舶设2备的污损(现将CuO和Cu的固体混合物6.8g放入烧杯中，加入过量的质量分数为20%的2稀硫酸30g，充分反应后，过滤、洗涤、干燥，得到4.8g固体( 已知:CuO+
8、HSO=CuSO+Cu+HO 22442计算:(1)所加稀硫酸中溶质的质量为 6 g( (2)原混合物中CuO与Cu的质量比(写出过程，结果用最简整数比表示)( 2解:(1)所加稀硫酸中溶质的质量=20%30g=6g;故填:6; (2)设原混合物中含CuO的质量为x 2CuO+HSO=Cu+CuSO+HO 固体质量减少 22442144 64 144,64=80 x 6.8g,4.8g=2g x=3.6g 原混合物中Cu的质量=6.8g,3.6g=3.2g 原混合物中CuO与Cu的质量比=3.6:3.2=9:8 2答:原混合物中CuO与Cu的质量比9:8 2steel bolts, screw
9、s and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7
10、, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan ligh
11、t ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces a
12、nd decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid co
13、nstruction does not . Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should 33(2012北京)氢气是最清洁的燃料，计算200g氢气完全燃烧消耗氧气的质量( 解:设消耗氧气的质量为x( 2H+O2HO 2224 32 200g x x=1600g 答:消耗氧气的质量为1600g( 34(2012北京)炼钢厂用含SO的废气制备CuSO(生产中，向混有CuO粉末的CuSO244溶液中通入废气，反应为:2CuO+2SO+O?2CuSO(欲制得溶质的质量分数为2
14、0%的CuSO2244溶液(用足量CuO粉末和5000g 5%的CuSO溶液处理废气(若每升废气中含有1.25g SO，42且SO被完全吸收，可处理废气多少升, 2解:5000g 5%的CuSO溶液中溶剂水的质量为:5000g(100%,5%)=4750g，溶剂的质4量不变，故溶质的质量分数为20%的CuSO溶液中水的质量为4750g，故可求出溶液的质4量为:=5937.5g，故溶质硫酸铜的质量为:5937.5g20%=1187.5g，原5000g 5%的CuSO4溶液中硫酸铜的质量为:5000g5%=250g，故反应生成的硫酸铜质量为:1187.5g,250g=937.5g 设生成937.5
15、g硫酸铜，需要废气的体积为x 2CuO+2SO+O?2CuSO 224128 320 x1.25g 937.5g x=300升 答:可处理废气300升( 25(2012北京)下列图象能正确反映对应变化关系的是( ) A( 向一定量的二氧化锰中加入过氧化氢溶液 B( 加热一定量的高锰酸钾固体 steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plast
16、ic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and
17、 concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After
18、 the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a
19、hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not . Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should C( 向两份完全相同的稀盐酸中分别加入锌粉、镁粉 D(
20、 将水通电电解一段时间 选D 33(2012北京)氢气是最清洁的燃料，计算200g氢气完全燃烧消耗氧气的质量( 解:设消耗氧气的质量为x( 2H+O2HO 2224 32 200g x x=1600g 答:消耗氧气的质量为1600g 34(2012北京)炼钢厂用含SO的废气制备CuSO(生产中，向混有CuO粉末的CuSO244溶液中通入废气，反应为:2CuO+2SO+O?2CuSO(欲制得溶质的质量分数为20%的CuSO2244溶液(用足量CuO粉末和5000g 5%的CuSO溶液处理废气(若每升废气中含有1.25g SO，42且SO被完全吸收，可处理废气多少升, 2解:5000g 5%的Cu
21、SO溶液中溶剂水的质量为:5000g(100%,5%)=4750g，溶剂的质4量不变，故溶质的质量分数为20%的CuSO溶液中水的质量为4750g，故可求出溶液的质4量为:=5937.5g，故溶质硫酸铜的质量为:5937.5g20%=1187.5g，原5000g 5%的CuSO4溶液中硫酸铜的质量为:5000g5%=250g，故反应生成的硫酸铜质量为:1187.5g,250g=937.5g 设生成937.5g硫酸铜，需要废气的体积为x 2CuO+2SO+O?2CuSO 224128 320 x1.25g 937.5g x=300升 答:可处理废气300升( 27(2012北京)能源、环境与人类
22、的生活和社会发展密切相关( steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy,
23、and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall
24、 top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall str
25、ucture 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress
26、 and quality, trying to avoid construction does not . Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should (1)目前，人类以化石燃料为主要能源，常见的化石燃料包括煤、石油和 天然气 ( (2)为减少污染、提高煤的利用率，可将其转化为可燃性气体，此过程可认为是碳与水的反应，其微观示意图如下所示: ?该反应的基本反应类型为 置换反应 ( ?该反应生成物的分子个数比为 1:1 ( 周 次日 期教 学 内 容(3)为减少温室气体
27、排放，人们积极寻找不含碳元素的燃料(经研究发现NH燃烧的产物3没有污染，且释放大量能量，有一定应用前景( ?NH中氮元素和氢元素的质量比为 14:3 ( 38、加强作业指导、抓质量。?将NH燃烧反应的化学方程式补充完整:4NH+3O6HO+ 2N ( 33222解:(1)化石燃料包括煤、石油、天然气; 故答案为:天然气( (1)二次函数yax2的图象：是一条顶点在原点且关于y轴对称的抛物线。是二次函数的特例，此时常数b=c=0.(2)?观察图示可知，此反应是一种单质和一种化合物反应，生成另一种单质和另一种化合物的置换反应; dr 直线L和O相离.故答案为:置换反应( ?根据图示可知，此反应是:
28、C+HOCO+H，所以该反应生成物的分子个数比为1:22设O的半径为r，圆心O到直线的距离为d；dr 直线L和O相交.1; 增减性：若a0，当x时，y随x的增大而增大。故答案为:1:1( 9、向40分钟要质量，提高课堂效率。(3)?元素的质量比为相对原子质量乘以原子个数之比，所以NH中氮元素和氢元素的质3量比为14:3( 故答案为:14:3( ?根据质量守恒定律可知，反应物中有4个氮原子、12个氢原子、6个氧原子，生成物中有12个氢原子，6个氧原子，只少4个氮原子，所以另一种生成物是氮气，所以NH燃烧反3应的化学方程式是:4NH+3O6HO+2N( 32220 抛物线与x轴有2个交点；145.
29、286.3加与减（三）2 P81-83故答案为:2N( 2（1）理解确定一个圆必备两个条件:圆心和半径,圆心决定圆的位置,半径决定圆的大小. 经过一点可以作无数个圆,经过两点也可以作无数个圆,其圆心在这个两点线段的垂直平分线上.steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and sto
30、ne curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain
31、wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings is
32、sued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not . Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should